For or Against Smoking in Public Places

Pre-reading Activities:

• 1. What do you think of smoking?

• 2. Are you for or against smoking in public places? Give your opinions.

Impose• Vt. To officially force a rule, tax,

punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received.• e.g. A ban has been imposed on alcohol in the city

parks.

• To force someone to accept sth. esp. a belief or way of living.

e.g. I don’t want them to impose their religious beliefs on children.

Imposition n. the imposition of death penalty

Impose vi.

vi. To expect sb. to do sth. for you or spend time with you when you don’t want to or when it is inconvenient for them.

e.g.

--Are you sure it’s all right for me to come tonight?

--I don’t want to impose.

She’s always imposing on people—asking favors and getting everyone to do things for her.

Would it be too much of an ________ to ask you to pick my parents up from the airport? (imposition)

ban

• v. to forbid, esp. officially• e.g. • the film was banned in several countries.• She was banned from driving for two

years.• n.• There should be a ban on talking loudly

in cinemas.

be allergic to

If you are allergic to something, you become ill or get a rash when you eat it, smell it, or touch it.

e.g. I'm allergic to cats.

My dad is allergic to pop music.

If you have an allergic reaction to something, you become ill or get a rash when you eat it, smell it, or touch it.

e.g. Soya milk can cause allergic reactions in some children.

emit

• If something emits heat, light, gas, or a smell, it produces it and sends it out by means of a physical or chemical process. (FORMAL)

e.g. The new device emits a powerful circular column of light.

• To emit a sound or noise means to produce it. (FORMAL)

e.g. Polly blinked and emitted a long, low whistle.

emission n.

e.g. Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.

maintain• Vt. to continue to have, to keep in existence,

or not allow to become less.• e.g. Despite living in different countries, the two families

have maintained close links.• The film has maintained its position as the critic’s favorite

for another year.• More:• e.g. He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.

(to express firmly one’s belief that sth. is true.)• e.g. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and

their four children. (to provide someone with food and whatever is necessary for them to live on.)

maintenance n.

• The maintenance of living standards.

• The ,maintenance of peace and stablity in Asia.

• Old house need a lot of maintenance.

• the government’s plan to make absent fathers pay maintenance for their children.

proprietor

• N. The proprietor of a hotel, shop, newspaper, or other business is the person who owns it. (FORMAL)

• e.g. ...the proprietor of a local restaurant...

• = owner

evaluate

• vt. To judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of sth.=assess

• e.g. We shall need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear.

• The market situation is difficult to evaluate.

• evaluation n.• e.g. Evaluation is standard practice for

all training arranged through the school.

linger

• When something such as an idea, feeling, or illness lingers, it continues to exist for a long time, often much longer than expected.

e.g. The scent of her perfume lingered on in the room...

• He was ashamed. That feeling lingered, and he was never comfortable in church after that...

• If you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary, for example because you are enjoying yourself.

• e.g. Customers are welcome to linger over coffee until around midnight...

• It is a dreary little town where few would choose to linger.

lingering

• adj. lasting for a long time

• e.g. The defeat ends any lingering hopes she might have had of winning the championship.

• An excellent dish can have a lingering flavor for several days.

cite

• If you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are saying. (FORMAL)

e.g. I am merely citing his reaction as typical of British industry.

• Spain was cited as the most popular holiday destination.

• citation n.

premature

• adj. something that is premature happens earlier than usual or earlier than people expect.

e.g. Accidents are still the number one cause of premature death for Americans...

• ...a twenty-four-year-old man who suffered from premature baldness.

• e.g. It now seems their optimism was premature. (too early and is therefore inappropriate.)

• When my daughter Emma was born she was two and a half months premature. (born before the date when it was expected to be born.)

nuisance

• n. [C or U] sth. or someone that annoys you or causes trouble fro you. = pain

• e.g. He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk...

• Sorry to be a nuisance.

• If someone makes a nuisance of themselves, they behave in a way that annoys other people.

e.g. He spent three days making an absolute nuisance of himself.

agent

• A chemical that has a particular effect or is used for a particular purpose

e.g. ...the bleaching agent in white flour.

Other meanings:

e.g. You are buying direct, rather than through an agent.

= representative, rep e.g. estate agent, press agent, travel agent (An agent is a person who looks after someone else's business affairs or does business on their behalf. )

• All these years he's been an agent for the East. (An agent is a person who works for a country's secret service.)

•

Ventilation n.

• e.g. The only ventilation comes from tiny sliding windows.

• ventilate v. to cause fresh air to enter and move around an enclosed space.

• e.g. Her tiny attic room had poor ventilation and in summer it became unbearably stuffy.

filtration

• n. the process of filtering a substance.

• e.g. This enzyme would make the filtration of beer easier.

• The technology exists to remove all of these contaminants through filtration.

filter v. to remove solids from liquids or gases, or to remove particular types of light, using special equipment.

• e.g. The water is filtered to remove impurities.

filter• Light filtered into my kitchen through the soft, green

shade of the cherry tree. (If light or sound filters into a place, it comes in weakly or slowly, either through a partly covered opening, or from a long distance away.)

• It took months before the findings began to filter through to the politicians. (When news or information filters through to people, it gradually reaches them.)

• You might use a yellow filter to improve the clarity of a hazy horizon. n.

• ...a paper coffee filter. n.

conflict

• n. (C or U) an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles.

• e.g. It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of conflicts within the party.

• Employees already are in conflict with management over job cuts.

• Fighting between two or more groups of people or countries.

• e.g. We wish to avoid conflict between our countries if at all possible.

• conflict v. e.g. Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.

hazard• n. something which could be dangerous to you, your

health or safety, or your plans or reputation.e.g. A new report suggests that chewing-gum may be a health hazard.

• vt. to put sb. into a situation which might be dangerous for them. (mainly WRITTEN)

• e.g. He could not believe that, had the Englishman known how much he was at risk, he would have hazarded his grandson.

• If you hazard or if you hazard a guess, you make a suggestion about something which is only a guess and which you know might be wrong.

e.g. I would hazard a guess that they'll do fairly well in the next election.

hazardous adj.

explicit

• Something that is explicit is expressed or shown clearly and openly, without any attempt to hide anything.

• e.g….explicit references to age in recruitment advertising.

• Antonym : implicit

• If you are explicit about something, you speak about it very openly and clearly.

• e.g. He was explicit about his intention to overhaul the party's internal voting system.

Key to exercises

• Translation:• 1. I can only tell you how many people were

killed in the fire. As for the cause of the fire, I don’t know myself.

• 2. The new peace treaty bans all test of nuclear weapons.

• 3. Tom has already made apologies to John. But John’s hostility toward Tom still lingers.

• 4. Why not change our traditional teaching methodology?

• 5. It is very difficult to lose weight. By contrast, it is easy to put on weight.

• 6. Since you have already employed me as a teacher, you should not challenge my competence.

• 7. Ken maintained that he was innocent.

Thank you !