food systems and health in sub-saharan africa per pinstrup-andersen cornell university presentation...
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Food Systems and HealthFood Systems and Healthin Sub-Saharan Africain Sub-Saharan Africa
Per Pinstrup-AndersenPer Pinstrup-AndersenCornell UniversityCornell University
Presentation at the UN Headquartersin New York and Organized by
the UN University Office in New YorkNovember 12, 2010
Life Expectancy
Source: HDR 2006
Under Five Mortality Rate(per 1000)
Source: HDR 2006
57
15 16
27 27 28
45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Per
cen
t o
f C
hil
dre
n 0
-5
CIS LAC E. Asia ME/NA Dev'ingAvg
S/ESSA
W/CSSA
S. Asia
Prevalence of Underweight in Prevalence of Underweight in Preschool Children?Preschool Children?
Source: UNICEF 2006Source: UNICEF 2006
Prevalence of Low Birth Weight
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Per
cent
of
Bir
ths
OECD E. Asia LAT CIS S/ESSA
W/CSSA
Dev'ingAvg
SA
Source: UNICEF 2006
Health and Nutrition
Food Systems
Health and Nutrition
A Food System
Food System
HH Incomes - level - fluctuations - composition - controlRelative PricesTime AllocationCare, BreastfeedingPreferences
HH and Individual Behavior
Health Status
Food Systems
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Health Status
Deaths Associated with Malnutrition
The Triple Burden of Malnutrition:
1. Energy and protein deficiencies: Hunger
2. Specific nutrient deficiencies: Hidden Hunger
3. Excessive net energy intake: Overweight & Obesity
Hunger Prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Per
cent
of
Pop
ulat
ion
Suff
erin
g fr
om H
unge
r
West Central East South
Source: FAO 2006
Change in the Number of Hungry People in SSA Countries
Tanzania
Ghana
Ethiopia
DR Congo
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
DR CongoCha
nge
in M
illi
ons
199
1-20
02
Source: FAO 2006
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Agricultural Diversity
On-FarmConsumption
Availability in Local Markets
Relative Prices
Diet Diversity
Health and Nutrition
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Zoonotic Pathogens
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Zoonotic Pathogens
Drugs and Medicinal Plants
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Zoonotic Pathogens
Drugs and Medicinal Plants
Occupational Hazards
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Zoonotic Pathogens
Drugs and Medicinal Plants
Occupational Hazards
HIV/AIDS
Water-borne Diseases
Production and Processing Systems
Food Systems
Health Status
Contamination•Microbial•Chemical
•Toxic Metals
Energy and Nutrient Balance
Growth RetardationReduced Disease Resistance
AnemiaBlindness
Chronic Diseases
Food SafetyWater Safety
SanitationHygiene
Interactions Between Food Systems and Human Health
Toxins and Allergens
Zoonotic Pathogens
Drugs and Medicinal Plants
Occupational Hazards
HIV/AIDS
Indoor Air Pollution
Challenges to Achieve Intersectoral Collaboration
Single-sector orientation of: Policy making institutions Funding Training Research
No incentive to focus on intersectoral issues Sector-specific paradigms
Challenges to Achieve Intersectoral Collaboration
(Continued) Competition between sectors Complexity and capacity constraints
Source: von Braun, Ruel and Gillespie (Chapter 14)
Suggested Action
Health-oriented food systems research and policy Biofortification Host-plant resistance IPM, ecological production methods Health implications of added chemicals post harvest Socio-economic and political economy analyses on
trade-offs and multiple-wins Apply most appropriate research methods
Suggested Action(Continued)
Institutional changes Inter-sectoral problem solving institutions
Multidisciplinary training