CBSS Humanities Flip Classroom Package

Lesson 2

This lesson must be completed by Term 2 week 6

2016 Pure Geog

Changing food preferences• The choice of one food type over

another.• Diet changes pushed mainly by income

fluctuations.• Increase in income per capita leads to

rises in demand for meat protein. • Key benchmark food groups are:–Cereals–Meat– Fruits and Vegetables

Cereals

• Up to 50% of global calorie intake.• Common cereals in Asia are Rice and Wheat• With increased income, more rice is replaced

by wheat (noodles and bread).• With further increases in income, cereal

consumption falls – simultaneous higher demand for meat.

• Obvious in Japan, China and South Korea.

Meat • Domesticated animals like cows, pigs, sheep or

chickens.• Meat and dairy products provide protein. • Increase in income bring increase in meat

consumption.• Type of meat consumed varies based on cultural

preferences.• Egg consumption tends to be the 1st observable

increase.

Meat (cont’)

• In highly developed countries, the trend is a reduction in red meat consumption.

• Health push for less red meat–Obesity and heart disease.

• Overall global meat consumption is still rapidly rising.

Fruits and vegetables• Overall increase in consumption in both

LDC and DC.• Different reasons for increase in each

group.• LDCs consume more due to higher

income.• DCs consume more due to the focus on

health and perceived benefits of more fruit and vegetables in the diet.

Differing food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

• Economic Factors– Disposable income– Pricing

• Socio-cultural Factors– Religious beliefs– Food preferences– Migration– Population Growth

• Political Factors– Food supply stability– Food Safety

Economic Factor 1

• Disposable income–Amount of income left after taxes paid.– Increasing in both DCs and LDCs.– In DCs, an increase of US $1 in disposable

income triggers a 20% of the increase is spent on food.– In LDCs, an increase of US $1 in disposable

income triggers a 60% of the increase is spent on food.

• With increase in disposable income, food consumption variety and amount increases.

• Among lower income groups, increase will trigger a switch from cereals to meat.

• Among higher income groups, increase triggers a move to better quality food.– Move for healthier food types (organic food, olive

oil)

Economic Factor 2

• Pricing– Poor (LDCs) are affected more by food prices than

the rich (DCs).– Food Price Crisis in 2006-2008 saw populations in

LDCs suffering.– Unable to afford staple food, fall into chronic

hunger and poverty.– DCs have options to switch to less costly

alternatives, LDCs do not and lead to riots instead.

2006-2008 Food Price Crisis

Causes• Bad weather leading to crop failure• Increase use of farmland for non-food crops –

biofuel crops.• Rising energy prices – increased transport

costs• Trade restrictions & Governmental price

control

2006-2008 Food Price Crisis

Result• Panic Buying & speculative trading• LDCs– Larger part of disposable income spent on

food– Less spent on non-staple food items– Food riots and protests as citizens are

unable to afford food.

2006-2008 Food Price Crisis

Result• DCs– Significant increase in food prices–People select less expensive options.

Sociocultural Factors

1. Religious beliefs2. Food preferences3. Migration4. Population growth 5. Changing diets

Religious beliefs• Religious requirements for food consumption

patterns.

Food Preferences

• Fast Food– Meals that are prepared easily in advance.– Convenience for populations living in DCs.– Meals that are made for fast consumption and to

be readily packed for take away.• McDonalds, KFC, Domino’s, etc….

– More people in DCs are moving away from fast food with more awareness of possible health risks.

Organic Food

• Health concerns increasingly altering the food preferences of people in DCs.

• Move towards organic foods (within income means)– Organic food – food grown without the use of

artificial inputs, chemical fertilizers or growth hormones.

Refer to Figure 220b

Pg 104

Migration

• Migrants bring new food to places.• Demand for new food products due

to change in food preferences.• Indian migrants to UK bring curry

and it has entrenched itself into the local culture.

Population growth

• Population has increased exponentially in the past 1000 years.

• Increased humans lead to more need for food.• Population growth rates are higher in LDCs

than DCs. • There is a greater demand for food in the LDCs

than the DCs.

Changing Diet• Diets of people DCs and LDCs will

constantly change.• Globalisation and migration leads to

increase exposure and fusion.• Traditional rice-eating societies will

move to more ‘western’ cereal sources – wheat (bread, cakes and pastries).

Political Factors

1.Stability of food supply2.Food Safety

Stability of food supply

• Safe and nutritious food is available to all people at all times.

• Food supply can be unsafe due to external threats.

• Governments take proactive steps to reduce food supply instability.– Increase domestic production– Diversity food source origin

Civil War outbreak

• Libya during 2011’s civil war, food reserves were rapidly depleted.• Cities and areas in the fight suffered

food shortages.• Safety concerns restricted people

from venturing out to find/buy food.

Natural Disasters

• Zimbabwe suffered severe drought in 2008.• Widespread crop failure and food

shortage.• Rural areas were most affected due

to poverty and dependence on local food source.

Case-study Pg107

• Please read the casestudy on Pg 107 of your textbook on Zimbabwe’s drought in 2008.

Food Safety

• Food Safety refers to guidelines that ensure food consumed is safe for the general public.

• General aim is to reduce the contamination by bacteria.

• 4 main ways to keep food safe– Clean surfaces (hands and food surfaces)– Separate (no cross-contamination of food)– Chill (Refrigerate to avoid rotting)– Cook (Cook at proper temperature)

Food safety threats

• Sudden disasters – Fukushima nuclear accident led to ban of food

imports from Japan for several months.– ‘Mad Cow Disease’ outbreak in USA and Canada in

2005. Prompt action by local government to stop the spread of the disease.

Pitstop 5

• Read the news article on pg 109.• Prepare Question 1 to 4 for discussion in class.