food deserts

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ABSTRACT

Over the past few decades the city of Detroit has not only been going through a serious loss in population and a deterioration of their economy, but they have also suffered in the ability to produce and distribute nutrition throughout the city. Once one of the world’s leaders in automobile design and production, the city had a numer-ous amount of automobile factories and workshops spread through-out the city that specialized highly in the quick and consistent pro-duction of cars. Detroit’s reign over the auto mobile lasted long but unfortunately not long enough as the economy started to suffer after the huge demand of imports from Japan and Germany creating vast competition in 1970. The population of Detroit that was at its peak in the mid-nineties. The city imports food produced at far distances and transported the entire way, causing inconvenience. Due to the overlly high percentage of fringe food locations that are growing, the availability of By exploring the different methods and options of producing as well as distributing food according to the comforts of the Detroit, major developments can be made in creating grand Pro-duction and Distribution centers. Not only will it benefit the economy and create more job opportunities for those in Detroit, it will become a solution to Detroit not being able to support itself as it is supported by its surrounding cities.

POPULATION DECREASE: ABSOLUTE CHANGE1900 - 1910

• Migra on from farms to ci es • Immig rants from eastern europe to Detroit

Region: 582,236 - 761,481Detroit: 285,704 - 465,766Michigan: 2,420,982 - 2,810,173US: 76,212,168 - 92,228,496

1930 - 1940

• Detroit at a turning point • Growth slowed down

Region: 2,382,195 - 2,613,844 Detroit: 1,568,662 - 1,623,452Michigan: 4,842,325 - 5,256,106 US: 123,202,624 - 132,164,569

1940 - 1950

• WWII war- me growth

Region: 2,613,844 - 3,344,793 Detroit: 1,623,452 - 1,849,568 Michigan: 5,256,106 - 6,371,766US: 132,164,569 - 151,325,798

1940 - 1950

• Start of Detroit decline • Start of Suburban ascendancy • Construc on of highway systems • Dismantling of streetcar systems Region: 3,344,793 - 4,181,354 Detroit: 1,849,568 - 1,670,144Michigan: 6,371,766 - 7,823,194US: 151,325,798 - 179,323,175

1910 - 1920

• Woodward corridor booms from auto factories

Region: 761,481 - 1,467,964Detroit: 465,766 - 993,678 Michigan: 2,810,173 - 3,668,412 US: 92,228,496 - 106,021,537

1920 - 1930

• Con nued rapid growth • Detroit has largest streetcar system

Region: 1,467,964 - 2,382,195 Detroit: 993,678 - 1,568,662Michigan: 3,668,412 - 4,842,325US: 106,021,537 - 123,202,624

Popula on Decline Popula on Growth No DataNo Popula on Change

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Persons Per Square Mile40,000 to 56,363 (3)30,000 to 39,999 (11)20,000 to 29,999 (88)10,000 to 19,999 (210)5,000 to 9,999 (93)

8 to 4,999 (30)Population Density

1960 Census TractsSource: US Census Bureau, 1960

Detroit, Michigan

CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb 2001 Wayne State University

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Belle Isle

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Persons Per Square Mile30,000 to 39,641 (7)20,000 to 29,999 (52)10,000 to 19,999 (212)5,000 to 9,999 (108)

402 to 4,999 (42) Population Density1970 Census TractsSource: US Census Bureau, 1970

Detroit, Michigan



Belle Isle

Detroit River


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Grand River

Grand River

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Persons Per Square Mile32,719 (1)20,000 to 24,488 (4)10,000 to 19,999 (153)5,000 to 9,999 (142)

31 to 4,999 (43)No Population (1)

Population Density1980 Census TractsSource: US Census Bureau, 1980

Detroit, Michigan




Belle Isle

Detroit River


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Grand River

Grand River

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Grand River

Grand River

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Grand River

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Persons Per Square Mile40,000 to 67,068 (16)30,000 to 39,999 (35)20,000 to 29,999 (102)10,000 to 19,999 (137)5,000 to 9,999 (58)

8 to 4,999 (21)

Population Density,1950 Census Tracts

Source: US Census Bureau, 1950 Detroit, Michigan


DETROIT: DENSITY 1950 - 2000

DETROIT: DENSITY 1970

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Persons Per Square Mile10,000 to 16,927 (92)5,000 to 9,999 (168)

115 to 4,999 (60)No Population (1) Population Density


Detroit, Michigan

CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcbayne State University



Belle Isle

Detroit River


96

1039

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

Grand River

75

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Persons Per Square Mile10,000 to 17,115 (73)5,000 to 9,999 (176)

7 to 4,999 (64)No Population (1) Population Density


Detroit, Michigan


19001903

1941

1950

1955

1967

1980 - 1990

1930

1960

1990

2000

Population

1910: 465,766

1930: 1,568,662

1950: 1,849,568

2000: 886,000

Auto Industry Dies = Population Decrease = Businesses Die

Ford Motors Founded

Ford Contracts Major Auto Firms

Fifth Largest City in the US

Economic Peak

Competition Arises: Imports

Dodge Main Plant workers: 30,000 to few thousand

Chrysler: 130,000 - 50,000

DETROIT: FOOD DESERTS“Roughly 550,000 Detroit residents - over half the city’s total population - live in areas that are far out - of - balance in terms of day - to day food availibility”

DETROIT: FRINGE VS MAINSTREAM

“In correlating food access to diet - related health outcomes, a more important measure is food balance, which tells us how easy or difficult is to choose between a mainstream and fringe food location on a daily basis”

“The greatest contributor to the heavy concentration of fringe food op-tions and to the negative diet - related health effects of food imbalance is not fast food, but USDA Food Stamp retailers.”

“Unless access to healthy food greatly improves, residents will continue to have greater rates of premature illness and death.”

ASHO ASHO

PS

PRODUCTIONPHASE

OUTSOURCED

PARENTCOMPANIES

ORDERPROCESSING

PHASE

ORDERDELIVERY

PHASE

ORDERFULLFILLMENT

SUPPLY NETWORK: SCHOOL CAFETERIA

TYPICAL DETROITSUPERMARKET

NETWORK

THE ENTIRE LINK DURING THE ORDER PROCESSING PHASE IS OUTSOURCED. NO PROFIT FOR DETROIT.

TYPICAL DETROITCAFETERIA SUPPLY NETWORK

DETROIT’S SCHOOL CAFETERIAS ARE DISTRIBUTED THEIR FOOD AFTER GOING THROUGH PROCESSES WITH THE AMERICAN SCHOOL HEALTH ORGANIZATION, THE MISSING LINK COMES THEN THE DISTRIBUTION COMES INTO PLAY AND IS ALSO OUTSOURCED.

DETROIT: CAFETERIA

“Roughly 550,000 Detroit residents - over half the city’s total popula on - live in areas that are far out - of - balance in terms of day - to day food availibility”

- MARI GALLAGHER RESEARCH AND CONSULTING GROUP

ASHO

PS

PS

TOTAL: 91 Miles

OAKLAND, MI

OAKLAND, MI

LIVINGSTON, MI

MACOMB, MI

DETROIT, MI

DETROIT, MI

WASHTENA, MI

TYPICAL DETROIT SUPERMARKET NETWORK

THE ENTIRE LINK DURING THE ORDER PROCESSING PHASE IS OUTSOURCED. NO PROFIT FOR DETROIT. LESS SUPERMARKETS ARE PRESENT AND MAINSTREAM SUPPLY OF FOOD IS LACKING. THE NETWORK SHOWS THE SEVERAL STAGES OF OUTSOURCING DETROIT GOES THROUGH.

DETROIT: SUPERMARKET

PRODUCTIONPHASE

OUTSOURCED

PARENTCOMPANIES

ORDERPROCESSING

PHASE

ORDERDELIVERY

PHASE

ORDERFULLFILLMENT

SUPPLY NETWORK:

SUPERMARKETS

TYPICAL DETROITSUPERMARKET

NETWORK


“56% of USDA food stamp ‘convenience stores’ were recoded into party stores, liquor stores, dollar stores, bakeries, and other venues”. - MARI GALLAGHER RESEARCH AND CONSULTING GROUP

TOTAL: 179 Miles

OAKLAND, MI

OAKLAND, MILIVINGSTON, MI

DETROIT, MI

DETROIT, MIWASHTENA, MI

TYPICAL DETROIT ORGANIC RESTAURANT NETWORK

ORGANIC RESTAURANTS GO THROUGH A PROCESS WHERE ALL PHASES LEAD TO THE ENTIRE STOCK BEING DELIVERED TO THE RESTAURANT. HOWEVER THE LOCATION OF THE ORGANIC FARM AND DISTRIBUTION CENTER ARE HIGHLY CRITICAL.

PRODUCTIONPHASE

OUTSOURCED

PARENTCOMPANIES

ORDERPROCESSING

PHASE

ORDERDELIVERY

PHASE

ORDERFULLFILLMENT

SUPPLY NETWORK:

ORGANIC RESTAURANT

TYPICAL DETROITORGANIC REST

NETWORK


DETROIT: ORGANIC REST.

“In correla ng food access to diet - related health outcomes, a more important measure is food balance, which tells us how easy or diffi cult is to choose between a mainstream and fringe food loca on on a daily basis”


TOTAL: 143 Miles

OAKLAND, MI

DETROIT, MI

DETROIT, MIWASHTENA, MI

MONROE, MI

MONROE, MI

TYPICAL DETROIT VENDOR NETWORK

DETROIT OUTSOURCES FOR ALMOST MOST PRODUCTS, HARDLY ANY OF THEM ARE PRODUCED THERE. ORGANIC RESTAU-RANTS TEND TO IMPORT FOOD FROM GREAT DISTANCES FORCING INCONVENIENCE AND LESS CHOICE OF MAINSTREAM FOOD.

PRODUCTIONPHASE

OUTSOURCED

PARENTCOMPANIES

ORDERPROCESSING

PHASE

ORDERDELIVERY

PHASE

ORDERFULLFILLMENT

SUPPLY NETWORK: VENDORS

TYPICAL DETROIT VENDOR

NETWORK


DETROIT: VENDORS

“Unless access to healthy food greatly improves, residents will con nue to have greater rates of premature illness and death.”


TOTAL: 154 Miles

OAKLAND, MI

OAKLAND, MI OAKLAND, MI

DETROIT, MI

WASHTENA, MI

MONROE, MI

DETROIT: Interferance

DISTRIBUTION CENTER SUPERMARKET

DELIVERYCENTER

STORAGECENTER

ORDERFULFILL.

ORDERPLACEM.

PACKAGEHANDLING

ORGANICFARM

AVERAGE SQ Ft: 500,000 AVERAGE SQ Ft: 64,000

AVERAGE SQ Ft: 20,000 AVERAGE SQ Ft: 20,000 AVERAGE SQ Ft: 10,000 AVERAGE SQ Ft: 8,000


CROSSDOCK

BULKBREAK

ASHO

ORG.REST.

SCHOOlCAFE

VENDOR

AVERAGE SQ Ft: 10,000


AVERAGE SQ Ft: 4,000

AVERAGE SQ Ft: 5,000 AVERAGE SQ Ft: 100

CROSSDOCK

BULKBREAK

DISTRIBUTIONCENTER

PACKAGEHANDLING

ORDERFULLFIL

DELIVERYCENTER

SUPERMARKET TOTAL: 565,000 sf. SCHOOL CAFES TOTAL: 540,000 sf.

CROSSDOCK

ASHO

DISTRIBUTIONCENTER

PACKAGEHANDLING

ORDERFULLFIL

DELIVERYCENTER

CROSSDOCK

ORDERPLACE

DISTRIBUTIONCENTER

STORAGE

ORDERFULLFIL

DELIVERYCENTER

DESIGN VIA IMAGEDESIGN OPTIONS: STACK TOWER

+ + +=DESIGN VIA IMAGEDESIGN OPTIONS: URBAN CENTER

+ + +=DESIGN VIA IMAGEDESIGN OPTIONS: REDEVELOP HOUSING

+ + +=DESIGN VIA IMAGEDESIGN OPTIONS: Farm & Distribute Strips

+ + += ASHODESIGN VIA IMAGEDESIGN OPTIONS: COMMERCIAL STRIPS

food deserts

Documents

city of detroit

population of detroit

detroit decline

nued rapid growth detroit

growth region

city imports food

streetcar systems region

auto factories region