food chains and food webs energy flow in nature 1
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Food Chains and Food Webs
Energy Flow in Nature
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Where does the energy for life come from?
• The Sun!!!• All living things get their
energy from the sun. Some directly through photosynthesis and some indirectly by consuming things that do photosynthesis.
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Energy Roles
•An organism’s energy role in an ecosystem may be that of a producer, consumer, or decomposer.
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Producers
•An organism that can make its own food is a producer.
•Autotroph•Source of all food in an
ecosystem.•Capture energy from
sunlight and stores it as food energy.
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Consumers
• Consumers are heterotrophs, or living things that cannot make food for themselves.
• A food chain contains several kinds of consumers, each of which occupies a different trophic level.
• Herbivore, carnivores, omnivores5
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Consumer Tropic Levels
• Primary consumers eat producers (herbivores)
• Secondary consumers eat primary consumers (carnivores)
• Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers (carnivores)
• Scavengers are carnivores that feed on the bodies of dead organisms. 6
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Decomposers
•Help break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the environment
•Bacteria and fungi 7
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Food Chains•Series of events where one organism eats another and obtains energy.
•First organism in chain is the producer.
•The second organism is the consumer that eats the producer. 8
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Plankton—Crab—Seal—Orca
This is only one possible chain in a marine ecosystem.
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Come up with an example to fill in the blocks of a food chain in an ecosystem. 10
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Food Webs•Consists of many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
•Some organisms may play more than one role by changing consumer levels. 11
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What happens in a food web if one or more of the
organisms disappear?12
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Which animals are carnivores and herbivores?
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Energy Pyramids
•A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
•Represented in a triangle with the most energy at the producer level. 14
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Energy pyramids show how much energy is available at each trophic
level.
How much energy is passed along?
Where does the rest go?
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Energy Loss and Use
•10% of energy transferred to next higher level.
•90% of energy is used by organisms’ life processes.
•Due to energy loss, ecosystem cannot support many feeding levels. 16