food chains, food webs, and the

8/3/2019 Food Chains, Food Webs, And The

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Food Chains, Food Webs,and the Transfer of Energy

presentation to be viewed in slide show


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Autotrophs

A groups of organisms that can use theenergy in sunlight to convert water andcarbon dioxide into Glucose (food)

Autotrophs are also called Producersbecause they produce all of the food thatheterotrophs use

Without autotrophs, there would be no lifeon this planet

Ex. Plants and Algae


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Autotrophs


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Autotrophs

Chemotrophs

Autotrophs that get their energy from inorganicsubstances, such as salt

Live deep down in the ocean where there is nosunlight

Ex. Bacteria and Deep Sea Worms


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Heterotrophs

Organisms that do not make their own food

Another term for Heterotrophs is consumerbecause they consume other organisms inorder to live

Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms


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Heterotrophs


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Heterotrophs

Consumers

1. Scavengers/Detritivores feed on the tissue of

dead organisms (both plans and animals) Ex. Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp


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Heterotrophs

Consumers

2. Herbivores eat ONLY plants

Ex. Cows, Elephants, Giraffes


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Heterotrophs

Consumers

5. Decomposers absorb any dead material andbreak it down into simple nutrients or fertilizers

Ex. Bacteria and Mushrooms


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Heterotrophs

Consumers

4. Omnivores eat BOTH plants and animals

Ex. Bears and Humans


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Heterotrophs

Consumers

3. Carnivores eat ONLY meat

Ex. Lions, Tigers, Sharks


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Transfer of Energy

When a zebra eats the grass, it does notobtain all of the energy the grass has (much

of it is not eaten)

When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get allof the energy from the zebra (much of it islost as heat)


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Transfer of Energy

The two (2) previous examples of energytransfer show that no organism EVER

receives all of the energy from the organismthey just ate

Only 10% of the energy from one trophiclevel is transferred to the next this is calledthe 10% law


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Trophic Levels

Energy moves from one organisms toanother when it is eaten

Each step in this transfer of energy is knowas a tropic level

The main tropic levels are producers, consumers,and decomposers


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Food Chain


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Food Web

Most organisms eat more the JUST oneorganism

When 1 or more food chains are involved it isknown as a FOOD WEB

Food webs are more complex and involve lotsof organisms


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Food Web


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Food Web

Notice that the direction the arrowpoints the arrow points in thedirection of the energy transfer,NOT what ate what


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Food Web


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Biomass

The total mass of the organic matter at eachtropic level is called biomass

Biomass is just another term for potentialenergy energy that is to be eaten and used.

The transfer of energy from one level to anotheris very inefficient (10% Law)


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Biomass


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Ecological Pyramid

An ecological pyramid shows the relationshipbetween consumers and producers at differenttropic levels in an ecosystem

Shows the relative amounts of energy or mattercontained at each tropic level

The Pyramid shows which level has the mostenergy and the highest number of organisms


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Ecological Pyramid


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Ecological Pyramid


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Ecological Pyramid


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Symbiosis

A close and permanent association betweenorganisms of different species Commensalism a relationship in which one

organism benefits and the other is not affected Example: Barnacles on a whale

Mutualism a relationship in which both organismsbenefit from each other Example: Birds eating pest off a rhinos back

Parasitism A relationship in which one organismbenefits and the other is harmed Example: Ticks on a dog


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Ecological Succession

A change in the community in which newpopulations of organisms gradually replace

existing ones

1. Primary Succession occurs in an area where

there is no existing communities and for somereason (so) a new community of organisms moveinto the area


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existing ones

2. Secondary Succession occurs in an area

where an existing community is partiallydamaged


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existing ones

3. Climax Community a community that is

stable and has a great diversity of organisms


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Ecological Successionvideo file click to play

E l i l S i


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Ecological Successionvideo file plays automatically


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Bibliography

www.google.co.in

www.wikipedia.com

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0506/5aee

www.youtube/edu.com

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/food

chain/

http://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.php
http://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htmhttp://www.youtube/edu.comhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/http://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.phphttp://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.phphttp://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.phphttp://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.phphttp://www.sciencebob.com/questions/q-food_chain_web.phphttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/http://www.youtube/edu.comhttp://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htmhttp://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.co.in/


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THANK YOU!

PPT PRESENTATION BY ,

N.JAISURYA

V.AVINASH

D.S.ABHISHEK

KARTIK RAMAKRISHNA

PARAG BUSHAN

PRASANTH KUMAR

food chains, food webs, and the

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