Food borne Food borne IllnessesIllnesses

Biochem 2300 PresentationBiochem 2300 Presentation

Terisha ThackerayTerisha Thackeray

DefinitionDefinition

A disease that has been carried or A disease that has been carried or transmitted to humans through a transmitted to humans through a contaminated food source!contaminated food source!

The food can be contaminated by many The food can be contaminated by many different microorganisms. different microorganisms.

ParasitesParasites BacteriumBacterium VirusVirus PathogensPathogens

Who is at Risk?Who is at Risk?

Pregnant womenPregnant women Very youngVery young Very oldVery old Sick or malnourished Sick or malnourished People with weakened immune systemsPeople with weakened immune systems

Types of Illnesses!Types of Illnesses!

Food borne Infections:Food borne Infections: SalmonellaSalmonella E.ColiE.Coli Hepatitis AHepatitis A ShigellosisShigellosis Perfringens food PoisoningPerfringens food Poisoning

Types of Illnesses cont.Types of Illnesses cont.

Food Intoxications:Food Intoxications: BotulismBotulism Staphylococcal food Staphylococcal food

poisoningpoisoning

Food Safety Levels!Food Safety Levels!

Frequently Unsafe FoodsFrequently Unsafe Foods Raw Milk and Milk ProductsRaw Milk and Milk Products Raw or undercooked meat, Raw or undercooked meat,

poultry, seafood and eggspoultry, seafood and eggs

Food Safety Levels cont.Food Safety Levels cont.

Occasionally Unsafe Foods:Occasionally Unsafe Foods: Soft CheesesSoft Cheeses Salad Bar ItemsSalad Bar Items Unwashed berries or grapesUnwashed berries or grapes SandwichesSandwiches HamburgersHamburgers Airline FoodAirline Food

Food Safety Levels cont.Food Safety Levels cont.

Rarely Unsafe Foods:Rarely Unsafe Foods: Peeled FruitPeeled Fruit High-sugar FoodsHigh-sugar Foods Steaming Hot FoodsSteaming Hot Foods

Now lets look at a few Now lets look at a few of the different food of the different food

borne illnesses!borne illnesses!

SalmonellaSalmonella

Where is it found?Where is it found? In the intestines of animals. Therefore it In the intestines of animals. Therefore it

makes the food and environments makes the food and environments contaminated with animal waste contaminated with animal waste susceptible as growing ground for this susceptible as growing ground for this bacteria. bacteria.

Salmonella cont.Salmonella cont.

SymptomsSymptoms NauseaNausea VomitingVomiting Abdominal crampsAbdominal cramps HeadacheHeadache DiarrheaDiarrhea

Show up 8-72 hours after being infected.Show up 8-72 hours after being infected.

Can last up to 8 days!Can last up to 8 days!

Staphylococcal Food Staphylococcal Food PoisoningPoisoning

Where is it Found?Where is it Found? Bacteria is most commonly found on our Bacteria is most commonly found on our

skin, in infected cuts or pimples, and in skin, in infected cuts or pimples, and in our nose and throats.our nose and throats.

Hand contact, improper food handling Hand contact, improper food handling and coughing or sneezing usually help and coughing or sneezing usually help spread the bacteria. Most common spread the bacteria. Most common mode of transmission is from boils or mode of transmission is from boils or abscesses on the skin.abscesses on the skin.

Staphylococcal cont.Staphylococcal cont.

Symptoms are restricted to the intestinal tract Symptoms are restricted to the intestinal tract so they include:so they include:

Abdominal crampsAbdominal cramps NauseaNausea DiarrheaDiarrhea Vomiting Vomiting ProstrationProstration

Staphylococcal cont.Staphylococcal cont.~Facts~~Facts~

It is caused by an enterotoxin excreted in It is caused by an enterotoxin excreted in foods!foods!

Staphylococci grow over the broad temp. range Staphylococci grow over the broad temp. range of 8-45 degrees C.of 8-45 degrees C.

Ham is particularly susceptible because the Ham is particularly susceptible because the staphylococci can tolerate high salt levels.staphylococci can tolerate high salt levels.

Bacteria does not normally grow in human Bacteria does not normally grow in human intestines because of the competition by other intestines because of the competition by other organisms. organisms.

Investigators must use other means to test for Investigators must use other means to test for staph. Rather than the regular stool samples.staph. Rather than the regular stool samples.

BotulismBotulism

Scary Facts!!!Scary Facts!!! Botulism is the most dangerous food borne Botulism is the most dangerous food borne

intoxication in humans.intoxication in humans. Clostridium botulinum produces a toxin so Clostridium botulinum produces a toxin so

powerful that one pint of the pure material powerful that one pint of the pure material could eliminate the entire world population. could eliminate the entire world population.

One ounce would be able to kill the entire One ounce would be able to kill the entire population of the United States. population of the United States.

Botulism cont.Botulism cont.

Where is it found?Where is it found? The spores are found in the intestines of The spores are found in the intestines of

humans, fish, birds and barnyard humans, fish, birds and barnyard animals.animals.

The enterotoxin is most commonly found The enterotoxin is most commonly found in the environment of jars and cans. This in the environment of jars and cans. This is where the toxin is produced from its is where the toxin is produced from its germination to vegetative bacilli.germination to vegetative bacilli.

Botulism cont.Botulism cont.

Symptoms:Symptoms: Blurred visionBlurred vision Slurred speechSlurred speech Difficulty swallowing and chewingDifficulty swallowing and chewing Labored breathingLabored breathing Flaccid paralysis of limbs and musclesFlaccid paralysis of limbs and muscles

Botulism cont.Botulism cont.

Symptoms cont.Symptoms cont. The toxin penetrates nerve endings and The toxin penetrates nerve endings and

inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine between the muscle and nerves.acetylcholine between the muscle and nerves.

There is a failure of the diaphragm and rib There is a failure of the diaphragm and rib muscles, leading to respiratory paralysismuscles, leading to respiratory paralysis

Leads to death within a day or two!Leads to death within a day or two!

Botulism cont.Botulism cont.

~Facts~~Facts~ Treatment consists of having to administer large doses Treatment consists of having to administer large doses

of specific antibodies called antitoxins.of specific antibodies called antitoxins. Food linked to botulism include, mushrooms, olives, Food linked to botulism include, mushrooms, olives,

salami and sausages.salami and sausages. The botulism toxin is also used by scientists on a more The botulism toxin is also used by scientists on a more

practical level. In minute doses it can relieve a number practical level. In minute doses it can relieve a number of movement disorders! Botox as the toxin is called, of movement disorders! Botox as the toxin is called, can be used to treat misalignment of the eyes. Also it can be used to treat misalignment of the eyes. Also it can be used to relieve stuttering, uncontrolled blinking can be used to relieve stuttering, uncontrolled blinking and spastic closure of the anal and urinary sphincter.and spastic closure of the anal and urinary sphincter.

These are a few of These are a few of the many different the many different

food borne illnesses! food borne illnesses!

Now, lets take a look Now, lets take a look at how we can at how we can

protect ourselves protect ourselves from them!from them!

How to keep yourself How to keep yourself safe!safe!

There are four simple rules that need to be There are four simple rules that need to be followed when trying to prevent food followed when trying to prevent food borne illnesses!borne illnesses!

Keep a clean and safe kitchenKeep a clean and safe kitchen Avoid cross-contaminationAvoid cross-contamination Keep hot foods hotKeep hot foods hot Keep cold foods coldKeep cold foods cold

In The News!In The News!~Calgary Herald June 11/04~~Calgary Herald June 11/04~

Cilantro, the spice used in making salsa Cilantro, the spice used in making salsa and other spicy dishes, contains a potent and other spicy dishes, contains a potent compound that kills the bacteria most compound that kills the bacteria most commonly responsible for food commonly responsible for food poisoning.poisoning.

Researchers say this tasteless antibiotic Researchers say this tasteless antibiotic could eventually be used as a could eventually be used as a preventative food additive to many preventative food additive to many strains of salmonella.strains of salmonella.

Be careful and be safe, Be careful and be safe, or you could be as sick as a or you could be as sick as a

……

Is there anything I have Is there anything I have missed and you have missed and you have

questions about??questions about??