naZvi

lela qistauri

lela cucqiriZe

focxveri

nino surmava

klasi IIIkiTxvis done – 3.1teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi

saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) ga­we uli daxmarebisTvis.

am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganvi­Tarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.

Sexede fotos!

am Sinaur cxovels Sen

Zalian kargad icnob. is

bevr ojaxSi ginaxavs. bav­

SvebTanac xSi rad TamaSobs.

es kataa! _ maSinve ityvi,

rogorc ki mas dainaxav. Sen xom Za­

lian bevri sxvadasxva zomisa da feris

kata ginaxavs!

axla meore foto naxe!

albaT GaTvli, rom

esec kataa, mze ze ne biv­

rad gawolili... magram,

Tu kargad daakvirdebi,

mixvdebi, rom es sxva

cxovelia. bunebis wiaR­

Si imyofeba, ga mo xedvac

ufro mkac ri aqvs.

am or cxovels Soris ramdenime gan­

sxvavebas advilad aRmoaGen.

Sexede maT pirs, yurebs, TaTebs... isi­

ni sxvadasxvanairia.

magram mTavari ganmasxvavebeli ni­

Sani mainc maTi xasiaTi da sacxovre­

beli pirobebia.

kata Sinauri cxovelia, adamianebTan

saxlSi cxovrobs. is Sinauri kataa,

moalersea da krutuna. Tumca, Tu gab­

razda, saSiSia. SeuZlia dagkawros da

dagkbinos kidec.

meore cxovels focxveri hqvia. igi

tyeSi binadrobs da mtacebeli cxove­

lia.

2

sad cxovrobs focxveri?

focxveri cxovrobs uRran tyeSi, iS­

viaTad _ mTis qvian kalTebzec. bu nags

ikeTebs gadatexili xis qveS, xis fuRu­

roSi, kldis napralSi, qvebs Soris an

xis totebze. iq zrdis deda focxveri

Tavis Svilebs, iZinebs, isvenebs...

daakvirdi fotos. focxveris ukan misi

bunagia. ras ityvi, kargi TavSesafaria?

3

rogoria focxveri?

focxveris ramdenime saxeoba arse­bobs. igi gansxvavdeba SeferilobiT, woniT. focxveri an Galisferia, an wi­Turi da lamazi xalebi aqvs. sigrZiT 82­dan 109 santimetramdea da 9­dan 19 kilogramamde iwonis. iSviaTad 32 ki­logramsac aRwevs. mamali focxveri ufro mZimea, vidre dedali.

focxvers aqvs tanTan Sedare biT grZeli, Zlieri fexebi da farTo TaTe­bi. TaTebis terfebi dafarulia bewvis sqe li feniT. bewvis fena xmaurs ax­Sobs. ami tom mas SeuZlia, SeumGnevlad miepa ros msxverpls da ramdenime nax­tomiT daiWiros igi. sakvebis ZebnaSi focxverma zogjer SeiZleba 100 ki­lometric gairbinos.

4

gyavs ojaxSi kata?

Tu ici, ra zomisaa da ramdens iwonis igi?

Seadare focxveris zomas da wonas.

rogor nadirobs focxveri?

focxvers ucnaurad dacqvetili yu­

re bi aqvs, yuris boloebze ki _ grZe­

li `funjebi~. is Zalian frTxili

cxo velia. maSinac ki, roca mSvidad

wevs da uwyinari saxe aqvs, garSemo

yvelafers akontrolebs. focxvers Za­

lian kargi smena aqvs. yuris wverze

an te nebiviT aRmarTuli `funjebiT~

mas yvelaze Soreuli bgerebic esmis.

mgrZnobiare ulvaSebiT ki araGveuleb­

rivad SeigrZnobs suns.5

6

focxveri Gasaf­

rebuli nadirobs

da swrafi nax­

tomebiT iWers na­

davls. imaleba

buG qebis an qvebis

ukan, an xis totzea gawolili da ise

ucdis sakbilos. sanadirod ZiriTadad

RamiT gamodis. mxolod deda focxveri

nadirobs dRisiT. mas xom SvilebisTvis

mudmivad sWirdeba sakvebi.

yvelaze mGxvletavi TavSesafari

focxveri katasaviT mardad dacocavs

xeebze. msxverpls xSirad zemodan esxmis

Tavs. magram Zlier metoqes Tu gadae­

yara, xeze acocebiT Tavsac gadairGens.

erTxel arizonas StatSi focxvers

Tavs puma daesxa. irgvliv xe arsad Gan­

da, aqa­iq mxo lod uzarmazari kaq­

tusebi idga. focxveri swrafad Sexta

kaqtusis Gxvletia tanze da Tvalis

daxamxamebaSi kenweroze aZvra. dajda

da iseTive moTminebiT daeloda mtris

wasvlas, rogori moTminebiTac sakbi­

los ucdis xolme.

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mzrunveli deda

focxvers 2 an 3 Svili hyavs. isini ga­zafxulze an zafxulSi ibadebian. axal­dabadebuli knuti Zalian pataraa. is 200­250 grams iwonis. Tavidan knutebs Tva­lebi daxuWuli aqvT da mxolod 8­12 dRis Semdeg axelen.

deda focxvers nanadirevi Tavis knuteb­Tan miaqvs. bunags rom miuaxlovdeba, `eZa­xis~ Svilebs. isinic gamorbian misken da sakvebs miirTmeven. sanam danayrdebian, deda iqve zis da `pirs ibans~: TaTs isvams sa­xeze. sadilobis Semdeg morGenil nanadi­revs deda focxveri inaxavs.

Tu patara knutebis erTi ad­gilidan meoreze gadayvana un­da, deda focxveri maT qeGoSi frTxilad Gaavlebs pirs da ise gadahyavs.

8

9

braziani knutebi

dabadebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg knutebi

erTmaneTis mimarT xSirad agresiulebi

xdebian. zog mecniers miaGnia, rom es sakve­

bis Secvlis bralia. knutebi xom am dros

dedis rZidan xorcze gadadian da nel­

nela mtacebeli cxovelis Tvisebebs iZenen.

amitom momvlelebi zooparkebSi knutebs

droebiT erTmaneTs aSoreben xolme.

adamiani da focxveri

rogorc ukve ici, focxveri mtace­belia. Tumca zogjer adamianebi si­cocxlis riskis fasad cdiloben, moa­Sinauron. ruseTSi, qalaq kalugaSi, erT ojaxSi oTx katasTan erTad cxov­robs moSinaurebuli focxveri. foc­xvers `zeni~ hqvia. is patronebma cxo­velTa TavSesafridan waiyvanes. `zeni~ sxva katebis msgavsad iqceva _ TamaSobs, erToba. mas sakvebisTvis Sor manZilze sirbili da nadiroba ar uwevs. masze patronebi zrunaven. rogor ggoniaT, daiviwyebs zeni Tavis mtaceblur bune­bas?

10

focxveri saqarTvelos tyeebSic gvxv de ba, magram igi aq mxolod nakrZa­lebSi binadrobs da dasaxlebul adgi­lebs Tavs aridebs. amitom is adamiane­bisTvis safrTxes TiTqmis ar warmoad­gens. adre Gvens tyeebSi focxverebis raodenoba bevrad meti iyo. tyeebis gakafvis Semdeg maTi ricxvi Zalian Semcirda. amave dros, xSirad adamia­nebi focxverze nadiroben misi fum­fula bewvis gamo. amitom dRes es cxoveli gadaSenebis pirasaa. masze na­diroba bevr qveyanaSi akrZalulia.

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espanuri, anu iberiuli focxveri

ZiriTadi informacia

garegnoba: mokle kudi, maRali fexebi, ganieri

TaTebi, Tmiani yurebi, xSiri bewvi nikaps qvemoT,

nac risferi an moyviTalo­moyavisfro dabali bewvi,

leopardis msgavsi mkveTri xalebi.

wona: 10­13 kg.

sxeulis sigrZe: 88­100 sm (es saxeoba yvelaze

pataraa focxverebs Soris).

statusi: gadaSenebis piras myofi.

statusis miniWebis TariRi: 2007 weli.

zrdasrul individTa raodenoba msof lioSi

2007 wels: daaxloebiT 84­143 individi.

gavrcelebis geografiuli areali:

pirineis (ibe riis) naxevarkunZuli.

sabinadro ekosistema: xmelTaSua zRvis

mimdebare subtropikuli tyeebi

(gansakuTrebiT qva muxisa da korpis muxis

tye), buGqnarebi, saTib­saZovrebi.

katisebrTa ojaxidan iberiul fo­

cxvers yvelaze metad emuqreba gaqro­

bis safrTxe. cnobilia, rom daaxlo­

ebiT 2000 wlis win gadaSenda katebis

ojaxis erTi warmomadgeneli xmal­

kbila vefxvi, igive smilodoni. misi

aRwera axla mxolod namarxebis saSu­

alebiTRa Tu SegviZlia. samwuxarod,

iberiuli focxveri bolo 2000 wlis

manZilze gadaSenebul katisebrTa sia­

Si SeiZleba Semdegi aRmoGndes.

1960 wlis monacemebiT, iberiuli

focx veris daaxloebiT 4000 individi

iyo dafiqsirebuli. bolo 50 wlis gan­

mavlobaSi maTi raodenoba Zalian Sem­

cirda. dRes mxolod 200­mde individia

darGenili. amave dros, maTgan gamrav­

lebis unaris mqone mxolod ori jgu­

fia aRmoGenili espaneTis samxre TiT. 13

ratom aRmoGnda iberiuli focxveri gadaSenebis piras?

• sakvebis simcireiberiuli focxveri sxva saxeobis

focxverebTan SedarebiT taniT pata­

raa. amitom mcire zomis cxovelebze

nadirobs. misi ZiriTadi sakvebia evro­

puli bocveri. Tumca Wams mRrRnelebs,

patara zomis frinvelebs da amfibieb­

sac. mamrs dasanayreblad dReSi erTi

bocveri hyofnis. mdedrs ki, Tu na­

Sierebi hyavs, samic sWirdeba.

focxveris ZiriTad sakvebs, bocvers,

wlebis ganmavlobaSi epidemia anadgu­

rebda da raki ZiriTadi sakvebis wyaro

mkveT rad Seumcirda, iberiul foc­

xvers ufro didi zomis cxoveleb ze

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mouwia nadiroba, rac misTvis nam­

dvilad ar aris advili. amave dros,

mas sazrdoSi meliebi, gareuli ZaRle­

bi da gareuli katebic ecilebian.

sakma risi sakvebis ararseboba xSirad

foc xveris sikvdilis mizezi xdeba.

• sacxovrebeli arealis Semcireba

iberiuli focxveris gamravlebas

xels uSlis sabinadro arealis Semci­

reba da dazianeba, kerZod, tyeebis Gex­

va, gzebis, wyalsacavebis, sarkinigzo

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xazebis, agarakebis mSenebloba. adami­

anebma 1960­1990 wlebSi mas sacxovreb­

lis naxevarze meti (TiTqmis 80%)

gauGanages.

iberiuli focxveri korpis muxis

tyeSi binadrobs. adamianebi ki korpis

xis qerqisgan amzadeben boTlis saco­

bebs, avejs, kedlebisa da iatakis mosa­

pirkeTebel filebs, manqanis Zravis

Semadgenel nawilebs, kriketisa da

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beisbolis burTebs, TevzsaWeri badis

tivtivebs da sxva aTasgvar nivTs. mar­

Talia, xes mouWrelad aclian qerqs

da is isev ganagrZobs arsebobas, magram

focxveris samosaxlod es tyeebi ukve

gamousadegaria. is Zalian frTxili

cxovelia. yvelanairad aridebs Tavs

xmaurian adgilebs, amitom aseTi tyee­

bidan garbis.

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• sagzao SemTxvevebi bolo dros, gzaze gadarbenisas 10­ze

meti iberiuli focxveri emsxverpla

avtoavarias. iqneb fiqrob, rom es arc

ise bevria. magram, Tu gaixseneb, rom

msoflioSi sul 200­mde individia

SemorGenili, mixvdebi, ramdenad mni S ­

vnelovania TiToeuli focxveris si­

cocxle. amave dros, magistralebis

gayvanis Semdeg gamravlebis unaris

mqone individebi daiqsaqsnen. ra Tqma

un da, maT gamravlebas esec xels uSlis.

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• ukanono nadiroba 1970 wlidan am cxovelze nadiroba

akrZalulia. magram aris SemTxvevebi,

roca is mainc xdeba brakonierebis

msxver pli. maT focxveris bew vi da

xorci izidavT. zogjer ki iberiuli

focxveri sxva cxovelisTvis dagebul

xafangSi amTavrebs sicocxles.

zrunva gadarGenisTvis

dReisaTvis veluri bunebis

dacvis msoflio fondi

(WWF), sxva arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi da evrokavSi­

ri (EU), aseve espaneTis erov­

nuli da regionaluri admi­

nistracia arafers iSureben iberiuli

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focxveris gadasarGenad. maTi erTob­

livi zrunvis Sedegad mTlianma popu­

laciam mateba daiwyo. 2009 wlis aR­

weram 230 individi daafiqsira. nacio­

nalur parkebSic 200­dan 300­mde in­

dividi hyavT. miuxedavad amisa, es mainc

imdenad mcire raodenobaa, rom am

cxo velis momavali jerjerobiT kvlav

gaurkvevelia.

rogor SeiZleba daxmarebis gaweva?

• korpis xis dargva;

• informaciis gavrceleba inter­

netSi;

• gadarGenis programaSi GarTva.

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