focus on grammar 2 grammar chart transparencies
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Focus on Grammar 2Grammar Chart Transparencies
The purpose of the grammar charts is to help students notice the form of the structure, to pre-teach some ofthe grammar notes that follow, and to familiarize students with grammar terminology.The Focus on Grammar(FOG) transparencies give instructors a tool to more effectively engage students in class as they tackle a newgrammar point together.
Here are some suggestions for using the transparencies.
� Ask questions that will help students become aware of the form of the structure. For example, for areview of the simple past (Unit 29, page 281), read the statement, “I stayed home” and ask the class to namethe verb. (Stayed.) Ask students what form it is. (The simple past form.) Ask students if the form is regular orirregular. (Regular.)
� Have students use the examples in the charts to practice the form. In the When, What + Noun unit (Unit11, page 103), you might ask students to look at the examples in the chart and change some of the ele-ments. (When is Independence Day in the United States? → When is Election Day in the United States?).
� Use the charts with Grammar in Context. Ask students to look at Grammar in Context and find examplesthat illustrate the points in the grammar charts. Students can also use the grammar terms in the charts tolabel items in Grammar in Context.
� Compare charts. For example, in Unit 8, page 71, compare affirmative and negative statements in the sim-ple present. Ask, “Which kind of statement uses do/does (not)?” (Negative statement.) Ask, “Do you use thebase form for the affirmative or the negative?” (You use it for the negative, and with I, you, we, and they inthe affirmative.)
� Help students understand grammar terminology through the use of the charts. All Focus on Grammarcharts are clearly labeled. (Affirmative/Negative, Yes/No Questions, Wh- Questions, Subject, Base Form,Subject Pronoun, Object Pronoun, etc.) Ask questions to make certain students understand what the labelsmean.
� Use the charts to practice items from a list. For example, in Unit 38, page 387, students could practice themodals by making up sentences about themselves and classmates. Instead of “I would like some help,”theycould say, “I would like some water,” “You should wear a coat,” or “I ought to plan a trip.”
� Ask students to provide personal examples. For example, in Unit 28, page 275, students could say a fewthings using gerunds and infinitives, “I enjoy singing,” “I want to teach,” and “I hope to teach music.”
Guidelines provided by Irene E. Schoenberg
Grammar Presentation
Singular
Subject Be
I am
You are
David
He popular.
VictoriaShe
is
Soccer
It
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 1 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Plural
Subject Be
Masami and IWe
You and Josh students.You
areIvona and JuanThey
Seoul and Londoncities.
They
Contractions
I am � I’m we are � we’re
you are � you’re you are � you’re
he is � he’s they are � they’re
she is � she’s David is � David’s
it is � it’s
THE PRESENT OF BE: STATEMENTS
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 1 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS AND CONTRACTIONS (SHORT FORMS)
Singular
Subject + Be/Not
I am not
I’m not
You are not
You’re not
You aren’t
His is not from London.
He’s not
He isn’t
She is not
She’s not
She isn’t
It is not
It’s not new.
It isn’t
Plural
Subject + Be/Not
We are not
We’re not
We aren’t
You are not
You’re not in London.
You aren’t
They are not
They’re not
They aren’t
Singular
Be Subject
Am I
Are you
he in room 2?
Is she
it
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 2 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
THE PRESENT OF BE: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
YES/NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
Singular
Yes No
you are.you’re not.
you aren’t.
I am. I’m not.
he is.he’s not.
Yes, No, he isn’t.
she is.she’s not.
she isn’t.
it is.it’s not.
it isn’t.
Plural
Be Subject
we
Are you on time?
they
Plural
Yes No
you are.you’re not.
you aren’t.
Yes,we are.
No, we’re not.
we aren’t.
they are.they’re not.
they aren’t.
OTHER SHORT ANSWERS
Yes.
No.
I don’t know.
Yes, I think so.
No, I don’t think so.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 3 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular
Subject Be Time Marker
I was
You were
He in Kyoto last year.
She was
It
Plural
Subject Be Time Marker
WeYou were in Toronto two weeksThey ago.
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Singular
Subject Be/Not Time Marker
I was notwasn’t
You were notweren’t at the party last night.
HeShe
was not
Itwasn’t
Plural
Subject Be/Not Time Marker
WeYou
were notat the party last night.
Theyweren’t
THE PAST OF BE; PAST TIME MARKERS
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 3 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Singular
Be Subject Time Marker
Was I
Were youat the party last night?
heWas she
it
Plural
Be Subject Time Marker
weWere you at the party
two weeks
theyago?
PAST TIME MARKERS
yesterday
the day before yesterday
last _____ (night, week, year)
(a week, two weeks, a month, two months) _____ ago
SINGULAR AND PLURAL COUNT NOUNS; PROPER NOUNS
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 4 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular Nouns (one)
He is a photographer.
He is an artist.
Plural Nouns (more than one)
They are photographers.
They are artists.
Irregular Plural Nouns
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
foot feet
tooth teeth
person people
Nouns That Are Always Plural
pants
scissors
clothes
glasses
Proper Nouns
Harlem is in New York City.
Maya Angelou has a home in Harlem.
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 5 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Noun Be Adjective
The room issmall.
The rooms are
Adjective Noun
It is asmall
room.
They are rooms.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 6 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
The glasses are betweenthe book and the watch.
The glasses are behind the box.
The glasses are in his pocket.
The man is in back of the woman.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
The glasses are next to the newspaper.
The glasses are under the table.
The glasses are on the table near the window.
The man is in front ofthe woman.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 7 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Questions
Question Word Be
Who are René Magritte and Salvador Dali?
What is The Son of Man?
Where are Magritte and Dali from?
Why is the museum closed?
Answers
Short Answers Long Answers
Artists. They’re artists.
A painting. It’s a painting.
Belgium and Spain. Magritte is from Belgium and Dali is from Spain.
It’s Monday. The museum is closedbecause it’s Monday.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH WHO, WHAT, WHERE, AND WHY
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 8 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative Statements
Subject Verb
I
You*work.
We
They
He
She works.
It
*You is both singular and plural.
Negative Statements
Subject Do not /Does not Base Form of Verb
I
You* do notwork.
We don’t
They
Hedoes not
She work.
Itdoesn’t
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 9 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Yes/No Questions
Do/Does Subject Base Form of Verb
I
Doyou*
we
they work?
he
Does she
it
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
you you
I/we I/we
youdo.
youdon’t.
Yes, they No, they
he he
she does. she doesn’t.
it it
*You is both singular and plural.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
Wh- Questions About the Subject
Wh- Word Verb
Who dreams?
What happens during REM sleep?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 10 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Long Answers
You sleep from 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.
I sleep on the futon.
We need two pillows.
He gets up late because he goes to bed late.
She dreams about a movie star.
The blanket feels good.
Short Answers
From 10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.
On the futon.
Two pillows.
He goes to bed late.
A movie star.
Good.
Answers
Everyone does.
People dream.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: WH- QUESTIONS; SHORT AND LONG ANSWERS
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word Do/Does Subject Base Form of Verb
When do I sleep?
Where do you sleep?
What do we need?
Why does he get up late?
Who(m) does she dream about?
How does it feel?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 11 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
QUESTIONS WITH WHEN AND WHAT + NOUN; PREPOSITIONS OF TIME;ORDINAL NUMBERS
When
When Verb
When is Independence Day in the United States?
Answers
It’s on July 4th.
On July 4th.
July 4th.
What + Noun
What Noun
What day is his graduation?
What time does it start?
Answers
It’s on Monday.
On Monday.
Monday.
It’s at 2:00.
At 2:00.
2:00.
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 11 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Prepositions of Time
in December.
in (the) winter.
Her graduation isin 2007.
in the morning.
in the afternoon.
in the evening.
Is your birthdayon Wednesday?
on December 25th?
The party isat 7:30.
at night.
Ordinal Numbers
1st = first 12th = twelfth 32nd = thirty-second
2nd = second 13th = thirteenth 40th = fortieth
3rd = third 14th = fourteenth 43rd = forty-third
4th = fourth 15th = fifteenth 50th = fiftieth
5th = fifth 16th = sixteenth 60th = sixtieth
6th = sixth 17th = seventeenth 70th = seventieth
7th = seventh 18th = eighteenth 80th = eightieth
8th = eighth 19th = nineteenth 90th = ninetieth
9th = ninth 20th = twentieth 100th = hundredth
10th = tenth 21st = twenty-first 101st = one hundred and first
11th = eleventh 30th = thirtieth
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 12 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Possessive Nouns
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
John’s last name is Tamez. The girls’ gym is on this floor.
Russ’s last name is Stram.
My mother’s name is Rita. My parents’ car is in the garage.
The woman’s name is Carmen. The women’s restroom is on the first floor.
POSSESSIVE NOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES; QUESTIONS WITH WHOSE
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Subject Pronouns Adjectives Example Sentences
I My I am a student. My name is Antonio.
You Your You are next to me. Your seat is here.
He His He is a professor. His subject is computers.
She Her She’s my boss. Her name is Ms. Alvarado.
It Its It’s my sister’s dog. Its name is Lucky.
We Our We are businessmen. Our business is in the United States and Asia.
You Your You are students. Your class is in room 405.
They Their They are musicians. Their band is great.
Questions with Whose
Questions Answers
Carmen’s.
Whose hair is long? Carmen’s is.
Carmen’s hair is long.
Svetlana’s.
Whose eyes are green? Svetlana’s are.
Svetlana’s eyes are green.
Yoko’s.
Whose homework is this? It’s Yoko’s.
It’s Yoko’s homework.
Ken’s.
Whose books are these? They’re Ken’s.
They’re Ken’s books.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 13 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular
This / That Verb
This is a good photo.
That was in Bryce.
Plural
These / Those Verb
These are new photos.
Those are from my last trip.
Singular
This / That Noun Verb
This photo is clear.
That photo has nice colors.
Plural
These / Those Noun Verb
These horses are tired.
Those horses are rested.
QUESTIONS WITH OR AND ANSWERS
Questions with or Answers
Are you hungry or thirsty? I’m thirsty.
Do you usually walk or drive? I usually drive.
THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 14 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
This / That One
Thisone
is my book.
That is Marco’s.
ONE
Singular Count NounA / An or Noun Phrase
I don’t needa pen.
I have one.an original copy.
SingularAdjective Count Noun
I need a gray shirt. He needs a blue one.
The Noun It
Where’s the CD? It’s on the table.
Plural CountAdjective Noun
The gray sweatshirts are twenty dollars.
ONES
IT
Possessive Adjective Noun It
Where’s your watch? It’s in the drawer.
This/That Noun It
Where’s that book? It’s on my desk.
The gray ones are twenty dollars.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 15 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative Statements
Subject Be Base Form of Verb + -ing
I am
You are
He
She is eating.
It
We
You are
They
Negative Statements
Subject Be Not Base Form of Verb + -ing
I am
You are
He
She is not flying.
It
We
You are
They
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 16 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: YES/NO QUESTIONS AND WH- QUESTIONS
Yes/No Questions
Base Form of Be Subject Verb + -ing
Am I
Are you
he
Is she working?
it
we
Are you
they
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
you are. you’re
I am. I’m
he he’s
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.
it it’s
you you’re
we are. we’re
they they’re
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word Be Subject Base Form of Verb + -ing
Why are you staying home?
What are you watching?
Who is he meeting?
Where are they going?
Answers
I’m sick.
The I Love Lucy show.
His teacher.He’s meeting his teacher.
To the movies.They’re going to the movies.
Answers
My friend (is).
They’re making candy.
Wh- Questions about the Subject
Wh- Word Be Base Form of Verb + ing
Who is reading?
What is happening?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 17 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
THE IMPERATIVE
Affirmative
Base Formof Verb
Write to the magazine.
Negative
Base FormDon’t of Verb
Don’t send money.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 18 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
CAN/CAN’T FOR ABILITY AND POSSIBILITY;
COULD FOR PAST ABILITY
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject Can / Could Base Form of Verb
I
You
He can
She can’t
It couldspeak Spanish.
We couldn’t
You
They
Yes/No Questions
Can/Could Subject Base Form of Verb
Canyou understand?
Could
Answers
Yes, we can understand.
No, we can’t understand.
Yes, we could understand.
No, we couldn’t understand.
SUGGESTIONS
Disagree
No, I don’t feel like it.
Why don’t we . . . instead.
Sorry, not today.
I can’t. I . . .
Agree
OK.
That’s a good idea. (Good idea.)
That sounds good to me. (Sounds good to me.)
Sounds like a plan.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 19 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative
Base Form Let’s of Verb
Let’s go to the beach.
Negative
Base Form Let’s Not of Verb
Let’s not go to the beach.
Suggestions for a Group
Base Form Why Don’t We of Verb
Why don’t we go on a bike tour?
Suggestions for Another Person
Base Form Why Don’t You of Verb
Why don’t you get the cameras?
RESPONSES
Grammar Presentation
Affirmative Statements
Subject Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
Shewalked.
Itarrived.
Westudied.
You
They
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 20 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS—AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Negative Statements
Subject Did Not Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
She did notwalk.
It didn’tarrive.
Westudy.
You
They
Common Past Time Markers
Yesterday Ago Last
yesterday two days ago last night
yesterday morning a week ago last Monday
yesterday afternoon a month ago last week
yesterday evening a year ago last summer
a couple of days ago last year
THE SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERBS—AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 21 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative Statements
Subject Verb
I
You
He
Shebought
Itrode the horses.
Wesaw
You
They
Negative Statements
Subject Did not / Didn’t Base Form of Verb
I
You
Hebuy
She did notride the horses.
It didn’tsee
We
You
They
Affirmative of Be
Subject Was / Were
He was lucky.
They were unlucky.
Negative of Be
Subject Was / Were
I wasn’t home.
We weren’t at the library.
THE SIMPLE PAST: YES/NO AND WH- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Answers
J. R. R.Tolkien wrote it. (J. R. R.Tolkien.)
It became a big success.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 22 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Yes/No Questions
Did Subject Base Form of Verb
I
you
he
sheDid
itstart?
we
you
they
Affirmative ShortAnswers
you
I
he
sheYes,
itdid.
you
we
they
Negative Short Answers
you
I
he
sheNo,
itdidn’t.
you
we
they
Wh- Questions
Base FormWh- Word Did Subject of Verb
What I ask?
Where you go?
When he write?
Whydid
we leave?
Who(m) you call?
How long they stay?
Answers
You asked about his name.
I went to the library. (To the library.)
He wrote at night, after work. (At night, after work.)
We went someplace else.
I called my friend. (My friend.)
They stayed for an hour. (For an hour.) (An hour.)
Wh- Questions about the Subject
Wh- Word Past Form of Verb
Who wrote The Hobbit?
What happened?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 23 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative
There Be Subject Place/Time
There isa restaurant on this level.
a movie at 6:30.
There aretwo restaurants near the entrance.
shows at 7:00 and 9:00.
THERE IS / THERE ARE; IS THERE . . . ? / ARE THERE . . . ?
Negative
There Be Subject Place/Time
There isn’t a restaurant on the second level.
There aren’t any movies at 8:00.
Contractions
there is there’s
there is not there isn’t
there are not there aren’t
Yes / No Questions
Be There Subject Place
Is there a pizza place on Second Street?
Are there any banks nearby?
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
Plural
Subject Pronoun Object and Verb Pronoun
We’re us.
You’re happy. He likes you.
They’re them.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 24 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular
Subject Pronoun Object and Verb Pronoun
I’m me.
You’re you.
He’shappy. He likes
him.
She’s her.
It’s wonderful. it.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS
Subject Verb Direct Object To Indirect Object
She senta tape
to me.it
Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object
She sent me a tape.
To Before the Indirect Object
give
hand
lend
owe
pass
read
sell
show
teach
tell
throw
write
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS; ARTICLES
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
Non-count Nouns
Non-count Quantifier Noun
a little
Carol needs some help.
a lot of
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 25 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular Count Nouns
Article or Singular One Noun
a banana.
She wantsan apple.
onebanana.
apple.
Plural Count Nouns
Number or Plural Quantifier Noun
seven
a fewfriends.
He has some
a lot ofbooks.
many
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 25 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Singular Count Nouns
Article or Singular One Noun
a pear.
I didn’t buyan apple.
onepear.
apple.
Plural Count Nouns
Number or Plural Quantifier Noun
two
I didn’t buy any
manypears.
a lot of
Non-count Nouns
Non-count Quantifier Noun
I didn’t buyany
much milk.
a lot of
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
The Definite Article The
Count Noun Non-Count Noun Plural Count Noun
I need the menu. He has the butter. She has the napkins.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE; HOW OFTEN . . . ?
The Simple Present
I eat at eight o’clock.
He eats at eight too.
She doesn’t eat with me.
They don’t eat with us.
Does he eat meat?
Do you eat in the cafeteria?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 26 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
The Present Progressive
I’m eating now.
He’s eating now.
She isn’t eating with him.
They aren’t eating with us.
Is he eating chicken?
Are you eating chicken?
How Often
I
doyou
take medicine?we
How oftenthey
heclean?
does she
it snow?
Answers
Three times (a day).
Once (a week).
Every (Sunday).
Rarely.
Once in a while.
Never.
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 26 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of Subject Frequency Verb
Iwork
You
He
She workson Tuesdays.
It
We
You work
They
Adverbs of Frequency with Be
Adverbs of Subject Be Frequency
I am always
You are almost always
He frequently
She is usually/oftenbusy.
It sometimes
We rarely/seldom
You are almost never
They never
always
almost always
frequently
usually/often
sometimes
rarely/seldom
almost never
never
ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of Frequency
always 100%
almost always
frequently
usually/often
sometimes 50%
rarely/seldom
almost never
never 0%
Expressions of Frequency
every (day).
twice (a day).
Emiko shops three times (a month).
several times (a year).
once in a while.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 27 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
State Sense / Need / of Being Emotion Appearance Preference Mental State Possession Measurement
be love hear want agree have cost
hate see need disagree own weigh
like feel prefer guess belong owe
dislike taste understand
smell know
sound remember
look believe
think
mean
NON-ACTION (STATIVE) VERBS
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 28 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
GerundSubject Verb (Verb + -ing)
I enjoy dancing.
Subject Verb Infinitive
I want to sing.
InfinitiveSubject Verb or Gerund
I likepainting.
to paint.
Verbs + Verbs + Verbs + Infinitive or Gerund Infinitive Gerund
avoid agree refuse hate
enjoy decide want like
finish expect love
keep hope prefer
keep on intend
regret need
think about plan
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 29 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
THE SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative (All Verbs Except Be)
Subject Verb
I stayed
We wenthome.
Affirmative of Be
Subject Verb
I was
We werehome.
Negative (All Verbs Except Be)
Base FormSubject Did Not (Didn’t) of Verb
I stay
Wedid not (didn’t)
gowith them.
Negative of Be
Subject Verb
I was not (wasn’t)
at work.We were not
(weren’t)
Yes / No Questions (All Verbs Except Be)
Did Subject Base Form of Verb
Didshe
leave?they
Yes / No Questions with Be
Was / Were Subject
Was hehome last night?
Were they
Wh- Questions
Base Form Wh- Word Did Subject of Verb
When they arrive?
Where he work?
How did it begin?
Why he leave?
Who(m) you help?
Wh- Questions with Be
Wh- Word Past Form Subject
When were you there?
Where was he from?
How was his test?
Why were they late?
Who(m) were they with?
Wh- Questions About the Subject
Wh- Word Past Form
Who invented the game?
What happened to him?
How many people watched the show?
Wh- Questions About the Subject with Be
Wh- Word Past Form
Who was his friend?
What was his last name?
How many people were there?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 30 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
BE GOING TO FOR THE FUTURE
Affirmative / Negative Statements
Subject + Be (Not) Going to Base Form of Verb
I’m
You’re
He’s (not) going to study tomorrow.
We’re
You’re
They’re
It’s (not) going to rain tomorrow.
Yes / No Questions
Be Subject Going to Base Form of Verb
Am I
Are you going to drive tomorrow?
Is he
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word Be Subject Going to Base Form of Verb
What is she do?
Where are they going to go?
How am I get there?
Short Answers
Meet her friend.
To the library.
By plane.
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 31 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WILL FOR THE FUTURE
Affirmative Statements
Subject Will Base Form of Verb Time Marker
I
You
He
She
Itwill leave tomorrow.
We
You
They
Negative Statements
Subject Will Not Base Form of Verb Time Marker
I
You
He
Shewill not leave tonight.
It
We
You
They
Contractions
Affirmative Negative
I’ll I
you ’ll you
he ’ll he
she’ll she won’t
it’ll it
we’ll we
you’ll you
they’ll they
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 31 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Yes / No Questions
Will Subject Base Form of Verb Time Marker
I
you
he
sheWill
itarrive tomorrow?
we
you
they
Will it rain tonight?
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
Yes, she will. No, she won’t.
Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
Future Time Markers
today
tonight
tomorrow
morning
this afternoon
evening
morning
tomorrowafternoon
evening
night
week
month
next year
Monday
weekend
2010
the 22nd century
in twenty years
two weeks
a few days
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 32 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY
Affirmative / Negative Statements
Subject May / Might (Not) Base Form of Verb
I
You
Hemay
Shemight
(not) play soccer.
We
You
They
Itmay
(not) rain this afternoon.might
Answers
Quantity Expressions
A lot. (A lot of apples.)
One bag. (One bag of apples.)
Two pounds. (Two pounds of apples.)
One or two. (One or two apples.)
A few. (A few apples.)
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 33 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
QUESTIONS WITH ANY / SOME / HOW MUCH / HOW MANY; QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS
Articles and Numbers
Quantity Singular Expressions Count Noun
a pear?
Do you want an apple?
one banana?
Some and Any
Quantity Plural Count Noun Expressions or Non-count Noun
I want someapples.
water.
I don’t want anypears.
tea.
Do you wantany apples?
some water?
Questions with How Much
How Much Non-count Noun
How much milkdo you need?
did she buy?
Answers
Quantity Expressions
A lot. ( A lot of milk.)
Two quarts. (Two quarts of milk.)
A carton. (A carton of milk.)
A glass. (A glass of milk.)
A little. (A little milk.)
Questions with How Many
How Many Plural Count Noun
How many applesdo we need?
did he buy?
Enough + Nouns
Enough Noun (Plural Count or Non-count)
Wehave
enoughvegetables.
don’t have meat.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 34 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Too Many / Too Few Plural Count Noun
There aretoo many cars.
too few parking spaces.
TOO MUCH / TOO MANY / TOO + ADJECTIVE
Too Much / Too Little Non-count Noun
There istoo much noise.
too little light.
Too Adjective
It’s toohot.
cold.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 35 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
POSSESSIVES
Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun
This is my bike. Mine is red.
That is your bike. Yours is green.
Is that his pen? No. His is black.
Is that her book? No. Hers is at home.
This isn’t our classroom. Ours is on the second floor.
That’s not their car. Theirs is in a garage.
Its name is Goldy.
Review of Pronouns and Adjectives
Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun
I me my mine
he him his his
she her her hers
it it its
we us our ours
you you your yours
they them their theirs
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word Can Subject Base Form of Verb
When can I borrow the car?
Where can we park?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 36 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
CAN or MAY FOR PERMISSION
Statements
Can / MaySubject Can’t / May Not Base Form of Verb
Youcan
start today.may
Hecan’t
eat nuts.may not
Yes / No Questions
Can / May Subject Base Form of Verb
CanI have the day off?
May
Can I help you?
May
Answers
Yes, you can.
Yes, you may.
Sure.
Of course.
I’m sorry. We’re too busy.
Yes, thanks.
No, thanks. I’m just looking.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 37 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
REQUESTS, DESIRES, AND OFFERS
Polite Requests
Would You / Could You /Can You (Please) Base Form of Verb
Would youCould you help me?Can you
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Sure. Sorry, I can’t. I have to work.Of course. I’d like to, but I can’t. I have a OK. class.I’d be glad to.
Desires
Subject Would Like
I
You
Hesome help.
She would liketo move.
We
You
They
Contractions
I would = I’d
you would = you’d
he would = he’d
she would = she’d
we would = we’d
you would = you’d
they would = they’d
Offers
Would Subject Like
Would you likesome blueberries?
to join us?
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Yes, thank you.No, thanks.
Yes, I would.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 38 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
MODALS
SHOULD, SHOULDN’T, AND OUGHT TO
Yes / No Questions
Should Subject Base Form of Verb
we
Should he wear a suit?
they
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word Should Subject Base Form of Verb
What I do?
Whenshould
we go?
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
you you
Yes, he should. No, he shouldn’t.
they they
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject Should/Ought to Base Form of Verb
I
You
He should
She should not shake hands.
We (shouldn’t)
You ought to
They
It be a surprise.
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 38 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject Had Better Base Form of Verb
had bettertake an umbrella.We
(’d better)
Youhad better not
wear jeans.(’d better not)
Contractions
I had better → I’d better we had better → we’d better
you had better → you’d better you had better → you’d better
he had better → he’d better they had better → they’d better
she had better → she’d better
HAD BETTER AND HAD BETTER NOT
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 39 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
MODALS
HAVE TO AND DON’T HAVE TO
Affirmative Statements
Subject Have to / Has to Base Form of Verb
Ihave to
You
Hehas to
She take a history class.
We
You have to
They
It has to be a three-credit class.
Negative Statements
Subject Do Not / Does Not Have to Base Form of Verb
Idon’t
You
Hedoesn’t
She have to take a math class.
We
You don’t
They
Itdoesn’t have to be 10 pages long.
The report
(continued)
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 39 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Past of Have to and Must
Subject Had to Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
She had to leave early.
It
We
You
They
Yes / No Questions
Do / Does Subject Have to Base Form of Verb
DoI
You
Doeshe
she have to read the whole book?
you
Do we
they
Does It be a five-page report?
Short Answers
Affirmative Negative
Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
MUST AND MUSTN’T
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject Must Base Form of Verb
I
You
He
Shemust
Itmust not arrive early.
We(mustn’t)
You
They
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 40 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
COMPARATIVES
ADJECTIVES
Comparative Forms of Adjectives
ComparativeAdjective Than
bigger
Portland, Oregon is busier than Portland, Maine.
more crowded
Comparative Forms of Irregular Adjectives
Irregular Comparative Adjective Than
My map isbetter
yours.worse than
My new office is farther my old one.
QUESTIONS WITH WHICH
Which + Noun
Which Noun Verb Comparative Adjective
Which city is bigger?
Which restaurant is more expensive?
Which
Which Verb Comparative Adjective
Which is bigger?
Which is more expensive?
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 41 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adjective + -ly
Adjective Adverb
accurate accurately
bad badly
careful carefully
clear clearly
fluent fluently
free freely
loud loudly
neat neatly
nervous nervously
quick quickly
quiet quietly
sarcastic sarcastically
serious seriously
slow slowly
Same Adjective and Adverb Form
Adjective Adverb
early early
fast fast
hard hard
late late
long long
Irregular Adverb Form
Adjective Adverb
good well
Grammar Presentation
The Same + Noun (Noun Phrase) + As
The Same Noun As
My bag is size yours.
My hair is length his.
My eyes are color my brother’s.
My suitcase was the same weight as theirs.
My brother is height my father.
Irene Stone has initials Inez Sanchez.
Jim likes kind of movies I do.
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 42 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
ENOUGH; TOO / VERY; AS + ADJECTIVE + AS; SAME / DIFFERENT
Adjective + Enough
Adjective Enough (Infinitive)
The melon is ripeenough
(to eat).
It wasn’t dark (to see the stars).
Too + Adjective
Too Adjective (Infinitive)
That job was too difficult (to do).
Very + Adjective
Very Adjective
It’s very expensive.
The Same As
My first name isthe same as
yours.
My initials are his.
As + Adjective + As
As Adjective As
This melon isas
smallas
an orange.
This melon isn’t tasty the other one.
Different From
The new edition isdifferent from
the old one.
These books are those.
Grammar Presentation
Focus on Grammar 2, Third Edition, Unit 43 Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
Superlative Forms of Irregular Adjectives
Superlative Adjective
This is the best photo of all.
We had the worst weather on Saturday.
Her home is the farthest of all.
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Superlative Adjective
The emperor penguin the biggest of all the penguins.
That photo is the funniest of all.
That program the most interesting one on TV.