flows and transverse forces of self-propelled micro-swimmers (fa0004)
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Flows and transverse forces of self-propelled micro-swimmers (FA0004). Flows and transverse forces of self-propelled micro-swimmers John O Kessler & Ricardo Cortez Univ. of Arizona & Tulane Univ. Reference Cortez et al, Phys Fluids 17 ,031504(05), [Regularized Stokeslet method]. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Flows and transverse forces of self-propelled micro-swimmers (FA0004)
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Flows and transverse forces of self-propelled micro-swimmers
John O Kessler & Ricardo CortezUniv. of Arizona & Tulane Univ.
Reference
Cortez et al, Phys Fluids 17,031504(05), [Regularized Stokeslet method]
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Bacillus subtilis TEM
(near cell division)
Width apprx 0.7m
Pic by C. Dombrowski
& D. Bentley
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Bacteria swimming in very shallow water, near wetting edge. Spheres are 2um. Watch for parallel swimmers!
Wetting edge;Triple phase line
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“Tail”
Transverse flows toward axis of a self-propelled “organism”. This quadrupole-like flow field attracts neighbors and nearby surfaces.
Extending rod/rotating helix
divU=0
“Body”
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The flows around microswimmers:
Time independence of Stokes flow permits the calculation of flow by increments. Linearity allows superposition, eg flow fields due to several particles. A swimmer, no matter how driven exerts = and opposite forces forward and backward on the fluid. But there can be net directional velocity if the swimmer is asymmetric. Since we need to consider only an increment of motion, we do not need to model details of flagellar helix; all we want is ~magnitude of transverse flows and forces. We ignore the mutual influence of swimmer boundaries on each other.
R(f) V(f)
V(b)
W (internal push-velocity)
R(b)
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Self-propelled swimmer
• R(1)V(1)=R(2)V(2)
• V(2)=W-V(1)
• V(1)=WR(2)/[R(1)+R(2)]
• W=(helix pitch) X (freq of rotation)
W
V(1)
Elongating rod, rotating helix or whatever, resistance R(2)
W–V(1)=V(2)
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Flow field of two spheres moving in opposite directions (connected by an elongating Gedanken rod) R(1)|V(1)|=R(2)|V(2)|radial inward flow transverse attraction…wall, neighbors
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Two spheres modelling locomotion of a single organism swimming parallel to a wall
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Two-separating-sphere “microorganism”. Flow field, at level of axis, viewed from top
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“Far field” of two-sphere model swimmer.Note radial influx near center & asymmetric vortices
Solid, no-slip boundary
Side view of
flow field
(wall)
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(above two “swimmers”)
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Approaching geometry of self-propelled bacteria:top view with no slip plane below
How is this going to look when several nearby swimmers interfere w each other?
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Sphere and rodagain, just one
SIDE VIEW
No slip plane
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Top view of 5 coplanar “swimmers” above a no-slip ground plane. The spheres are “bodies” and the sticks are propelling “flagellar bundles”
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Flow field around five swimmers, spatial arrangementchanged from previous slide
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Side view, middle plane, of five ball and stick swimmers
Going that way
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“turbulence” driven by the swimming of apprx close-packed bacteria, at airbubble surface
Deep fluid
Monolayerat wetting edge
Getting deeper
“85”=05
Approximately 200microns
(RealTime)
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