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ADI - Flow Meter Calibration Facility• 10:00 All - Overview of ADI project and the FMC Facility

• 10:30 All - Canal Regulation Concepts

• 11:00 Group 1 - Manual and Automatic Control of Canal Water Levels

• 11:00 Group 2 - Overview of types of open channel and pipe flow meters

• 12:30 Lunch (provided by HIDCC at Calibration Facility)

• 1:00 Group 2 - Manual and Automatic Control of Canal Water Levels

• 1:00 Group 1 - Overview of types of open channel and pipe flow meters

• 2:30 All - Demonstration of procedure to calibration 12” impeller meter

• 3:00 All - Questions and Answer Session

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Flow Meter Calibration Facility (FMC)• Harlingen Irrigation District

– Tommy McLemore – Manager and Builder– Rich Keating - Instrumentation– Wayne Halbert – District Manager

• Texas Water Development Board– Kate McAfee – Program Coordinator– Comer Tuck – Program Manager

• Axiom – Blair Engineering– A. Blair – Project Engineer and System Design– Will Blair – System Integrator

• Advise and Help with Design– Stu Styles and Charles Burt – Calpoly at SLO– Southern Cal Edison - Ag Tech Application Center

• Donations– Siemens, Sontek, Rubicon

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FMC Purpose• Calibration of Pipe Flow Meters (8” to 24” diameter)• Evaluate Open Channel Flow Meters• Demonstration of and Training for

– Various Types and Methods of Flow Measurement – Automatic Control and Regulation of Canal Systems– Variable Speed Pumping System– SCADA Operation and Design– Information Management

• Development and Testing of Low Cost Alternatives– On Farm Flow Measurement– Automatic Gate Control

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FMC Features

• 27 cfs Variable Speed Pumping System• 144’ by 4’x3’ Flume (Open Channel)• 10’ x 10’ x 12’ (10,000 Gallon) Calibration Tank• Pipe Flow Meter Calibration Manifold• Automated Data Measurement and Control System• SCADA Development and Test System• On-Farm Turnout and Flow Measurement Testing• High Speed Data Link with HID HQ SCADA Server• 45 Student Classroom

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27 cfs Supply Pump

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144’ Foot Open Channel

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Calibration Tank

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Pipe Manifold

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Automated Data Measurement and Collection

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SCADA Development and Test

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On-Farm Meters

• Facility is Adjacent to Farm Land

• 100 Farm Turnouts through District

• Duck Nest • Alfalfa Valve

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Information Management

• High Speed Link• SCADA Server• Accounting Server• Internet Server• RF Repeater

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Canal Regulation

• Flow Rate– Constant Downstream

• Water Level– Constant Upstream– Constant Downstream

• Hand-On Training– Constant Upstream

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Simple Example – Canal Check

Qup = Qout1 + Qcheck + Qout2 + Qdown + ∆ S

Qup

Qout1

Qcheck

Qout2

Qdown

Hup

Hdown

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Simple Example – Constant Hup

• Goal is to Hold Upstream Water Surface Elevation Constant

• Change in Inflow – Increase or Decrease• Change in Lateral Outflow (Irrigation Turnouts)

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Hands On Training – 144’ Flume 3 feet wide

Flume Constant Head Tank

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Hands On Training – 4 Teams

4 Teams of 2 People

3 Teams Operating Canal Gates

1 Team – Water Master

1 Person Operates Gate

1 Person Liaison with other Teams

Water Master Team Controls Inflow

Tommy – Water User

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Hands on Training – Objectives and Script • Objectives

– Keep Water Level Constant in each Reach– Minimize Waste– Keep Water User Happy

• Script (as requested by Water User)– 0 to 15 minutes Charge Canal supply water to 1 turnout located in

Reach 3– 15 to 30 minutes 1 new irrigation goes on in Reach 2– 30 – 45 minutes 2 new irrigation go on in Reach 1 and 3 and

Reach 4 irrigation is shut off– 45 – 60 minutes Reach 1, 2, and 3 irrigations off, Reach 4 on.– Automatic Control

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Team Locations and Protocol

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Water Master

Team 1 only Talks to Team 2 or Water Master

Team 2 only Talks to Team 1 or 3 or Water Master

Team 3 only Talks to Team 2 or Water Master

Water Master Talks to All Teams and Water User

Water User can talk to all Teams and Water MasterConstant Head Tank

Flume

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Hands On Training – Water Master

Adjusts Inflow to System

Communicates with All Teams

Takes Water Orders from Team 1-3

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Hands On Training – Canal Teams

1 person operates gate

1 person communicates with others

Team 1 through 2 must hold water level in their canal reach at a gauge height of 2.0 feet

Water User orders water for turnout from the Team operating section of canal where turnout is located

Team 3 – keep water level at 2’ and minimize spill

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Hands on Training - Tips

• Water Master– 1 revolution of supply gate = about 1 cfs– Fully open turnout uses about 2 cfs– Maximum water supply is 20 cfs– Maximum flume capacity is 10 cfs– Overtopping flume equals a ditch break

• Canal Teams– Go slow on gate changes (do not over correct)– When irrigation is started be ready for large change– Communicate shortages both upstream and to water master– Overtopping flume equals a ditch break

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Flow Measurement

• Mechanical• Magnetic• Ultrasonic• Differential Pressure• Exotics – Laser / Radar / Turbulence / Vortex / etc.

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Open Channel Flow Measurement• Mechanical

– Price AA / Impeller (turbine)• Magnetic

– Point • Ultrasonic

– Doppler/Transit Time• Differential Pressure

– Weir/Flume

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Pipe Flow Measurement

• Mechanical– Impeller / Propeller / Paddle Wheel

• Magnetic– Insertion / Full Pipe

• Ultrasonic– Doppler / Transit Time

• Differential Pressure– Venturi / Orifice / Pitot Tube / etc.

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Flow Fundamentals

• Q (flow) = V (velocity) x A (area)– Area (sq.ft.) measured directly from geometry– Velocity (fps) = average velocity over area– Flow (cfs) = calculatedQ (flow) = ∫ ∫ V dx dy

• Volume (ac-ft) = Q (flow) x Time (days) x 1.9835– Q changes with time

• Volume = ∫ Q dt = ∫ ∫ ∫ V dx dy dt

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Recommendations

• Pipe Flow– Well Water - Impeller / Propeller – Surface Water – Ultrasonic or Full Pipe Magnetic

• Open Channel– Price AA– Flume– Weir (if free energy is available)– Ultrasonic

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Depth Measurements

• Pressure Transducer• Ultrasonic (Sonar)• Radar• Laser• Shaft Encoder

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Pressure Transducer

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Ultrasonic

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Radar

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Shaft Encoder

http://www.unimeasure.com/jx.htm

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Impeller Meter

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Propeller Meter

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Paddle Wheel

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Magnetic Insertion

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Magnetic Full

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Ultrasonic Doppler

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Ultrasonic Travel Time

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Open Channel

• Doppler• Transit Time• Price AA• Turbine• Profiler

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Ultrasonic Doppler

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Ultrasonic Transit

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Price AA

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Turbine - Propeller

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Profiler

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Cost of Flow Measurement

• Installation• Calibration• Maintenance• Data Management and Analysis• Energy

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Energy Use Example – Weir at Pumping Plant

ADI - Flow Meter Calibration FacilityFlow Meter Calibration Facility (FMC)FMC PurposeFMC Features27 cfs Supply Pump144’ Foot Open ChannelCalibration TankPipe ManifoldAutomated Data Measurement and CollectionSCADA Development and TestOn-Farm MetersInformation ManagementCanal RegulationSimple Example – Canal CheckSimple Example – Constant HupHands On Training – 144’ Flume 3 feet wideHands On Training – 4 TeamsHands on Training – Objectives and Script Team Locations and ProtocolHands On Training – Water MasterHands On Training – Canal TeamsHands on Training - TipsFlow MeasurementOpen Channel Flow MeasurementPipe Flow MeasurementFlow FundamentalsRecommendationsDepth MeasurementsPressure TransducerUltrasonicRadarShaft EncoderImpeller MeterPropeller MeterPaddle WheelMagnetic InsertionMagnetic FullUltrasonic DopplerUltrasonic Travel TimeOpen ChannelUltrasonic DopplerUltrasonic TransitPrice AATurbine - PropellerProfilerCost of Flow MeasurementEnergy Use Example – Weir at Pumping Plant