florida department of - p2 infohouse · 2018-06-13 · i ~~ florida department of environmental...

I

~~

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT

i

DEVELOPMENT OF N E W CONSTRUCTION

AND PACKAGING PRODUCTS

FROM WASTE PAPER FIBER

BCM PROJECT NO. 05=2081-01

AUGUST 15, 1991

I 1 Engine e r s, PI ann e r s, scientists

and Laboratory Services

COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONSTRUCTION AND PACKAGING

PRODUCTS FROM WASTE PAPER FIBER

FOR

THE

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA

i

BCM PROJECT NO. 05-2081-01

AUGUST, 1991

PREPARED BY

-. I ' 3 , - . , , i * , ,' ' ( i

FRASIER 0. BINGHAM, Ph.D. Project Manager, BCM

VICTOR CORDIANO Project Engineer, BEC

APPROVED BY

%nior Vice #resident, BCM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 .

7 .

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Project Results

Literature search for products made from waste paper fiber

Project Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Plan

Planned actions to further develop and promote the new products

Project Fipancial Report

Publicity Materials

Production of technical article for publication

Oral presentation at a meeting or conference

Release of information to the public

References

Paae

1

2

3

29

30

30

31

31

32

32

32

33

I.

11.

111.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

FDER Agreement to Produce Wood-Like Material Through the Compaction of Used Newspaper Fiber (DER Contract No. SW45)

Consent Letter for Sub-letting (DER Contract No. SW45)

Approval of Contract Term Extension and Term Extension Amendment

Optional Form 272 and Standard Form 298

BCM Engineers, Inc. Brochure

Terra-Block Worldwide Brochure

Benedict Engineering Company Brochure

VIII.FiberStone Quarries, Inc. Brochure

SECTION 1.

INTRODUCTION

The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation awarded BCM Engineers, Inc. a $75,000 grant to develop new construction and packaging materials from waste paper fiber. Some five potential products were developed and are described here. One or more of the potential new products are in the process of being patented. BCM and its subcontractors, Terra-Block Worldwide and Benedict Engineering Company, will promote the potential new products through an oral presentation at a conference and a technical article in an appropriate legitimate journal.

The contract between FDER and BCM Engineers, Inc. (DER Contract No. SW45) calls for a series of specific topics to be addressed in the final report. These topics appear in the report as sections 4 through 11.

1

SECTTON 2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Project Team of BCM Engineers, Inc., Terra-Block Worldwide, and Benedict Engineering Company, Inc. appreciates the many people who cooperated in this project. The most notable are:

Mr. Jack Clarke, Masonite Division of International Paper Company

Mr. Terry Dove, Jenkins Brick Company Provided technical notes on brick construction

Mr. Richard Green, Florida State University Provided use of laboratory facilities

Mr. Mike Gross, Terra Block Worldwide Company Conducted waste paper fiber compaction tests

Dr. Clifford Henry, Proctor and Gamble Donated bleached cellulose waste and knots and shives

Mr. Billy Kahn, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation

Dr. Leo Kruger, National Starch and Chemical Corporation

Project Manager

Mr. Tony Mabrey, International Paper Company Donated bleached kraft paper

Mr. Don McElwee, Paperboard Cores Donated tubes

Mr. Charles Pearson, Swift Adhesives Division of Reichold Chemicals Donated samples of bone glue

Mr. Mike Preetorius, Southern Cellulose, Inc. Donated waste paper insulation

Mr. Eric Raamat, Trend-Pak of Atlanta, Inc. Donated waste paper tubes

Dr. S.K. Sathe, Florida State University Provided use of laboratory facilities

Mr. Tom Urbanik, U.S. Forest Products Laboratory

Mr. Jay Utzig, Milligan and Higgins Division of Hudson Industries Corporation Donated samples of hide glue

Mr. John Walker, Mobile Paperboard Box Corporation Donated mixed paper fibers

SECTION 3 . PROJECT RESULTS

Efforts of the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) and the Project Team have resulted in the development of five new products that are entirely or partially constructed of waste paper or waste paper fiber. Some of the new products may be patentable. A description of the development and testing of each new product is presented below.

1. The Soil and Waste Paper Building Block

A firm located in Orlando, Florida, Terra-Block Worldwide, cooperated with BCM Engineers in the production of the proposal for this project. Terra-Block Worldwide, using their Terra-Block Duplex machine, would run high compression tests on waste paper fiber mixtures with the object of the testing being to produce a dense construction grade material using waste paper fiber. Early in the program we determined that the compression machines mode of operation was not compatible with the use of a product mixture composed almost entirely of waste paper fiber. The short period of compression (less than one second) was not sufficient to allow for the or of available adhesives.

A pilot test using a mixture of waste paper fiber and soil was conducted with good results. A series of tests was scheduled in which five types of paper fiber would be mixed with soil and compressed into building blocks. Each type of fiber would be tested at several percentages (by volume) in the blocks.

While these blocks may be made entirely of soils containing 10% or more of the clay fraction, our tests show that the addition of paper fiber significantly strengthens and lightens the blocks and increases insulation properties.

The machine that produces these blocks makes approximately 5 0 0 per hour. They are laid without mortar on a cement slab. After the design height of the wall is reached, a sealant and adhesive spray is applied. An application of stucco completes the wall.

A building block that can be made of most soils has great potential for use in developed and underdeveloped countries. The discovery by this project that the addition of waste paper fiber significantly strengthens and lightens these building blocks might lead to the use of waste paper fiber as a standard procedure. Hundreds of tons of waste paper fiber per year could be used in this process. Several buildings are now being constructed in Florida utilizing soil block techniques.

Samples of the improved soil-waste paper fiber building blocks are being presented to FDER with this report.

Results of our testing program on blocks that contained several different types of waste paper fiber are as follows:

3

OBJECTIVE: To perform research and development in the production of a construction material through the compaction of waste paper fiber.

(Variable sizes may be cut using a circular saw equipped with a masonry blade)

FIGURE 3-1. SOIL AND WASTE PAPER BUILDING BLOCK

*NOTE : The dimensions and specifications are listed in the Terra-Block System brochure.

EXPERIMENTATION: (Soil Analysis) * Two (2) dehydration processes were performed on the soil.

(1) DEHYDRATION PROCESS t = 2 hours @ T=130°C

W, = WEIGHT OF DISH

W, = WEIGHT OF DISH AND SOIL SAMPLE

W, = WEIGHT OF DISH AND SOIL SAMPLE (AFTER DRYING)

W,-W, = WEIGHT OF MOISTURE

W2-W,= WEIGHT OF SOIL SAMPLE

(H,O)

4

..

Sifted Soil (Weight Differential Approximately .03 Prior to Oven Use)

#1 W , = l . 0026 W , = 3 . 2499 ( 3 . 1 9 4 1 ) W , = 3 . 0 9 5 2 W,-W,=O. 0989 W,-W,=2 . 1915

#2 W , = l . 003 W , = 2 . 4893 ( 2 . 4 3 7 6 ) W , = 2 . 3681 W,-W,=O. 0695 w,-w,=1. 4 3 4 5

#3 W , = l . 0056 W , = 2 . 2 8 2 0 ( 2 . 2 3 3 3 ) W , = 2 . 1795 W,-W,=O. 0538 W , - W , = l . 2277

i

#4 W , = l . 0079 W , = 1 . 5 3 7 2 ( 1 .5107) W , = l . 5004 W,-W,=O. 0103 W,-W,=O. 5028

#5 W , = l . 0079 W , = l . 6815 (1 .6525) W , = l . 6 2 6 1 W,-W,=O. 0 2 6 4 W,-W,=O. 6 4 4 6

#6 W , = 1 . 0 0 7 1 W , = l . 5995 ( 1 . 5 7 5 9 ) W , = l .55 3 1 W,-W,=O. 0 2 2 8 W,-W,=O. 5688

MOISTURE CALCULATIONS

4 . 4 % Sifted Soil

High clay soil (Weight Differential Approximately . 0 3 Prior to Oven Use)

#7 W , = l . 0115 W , = 2 . 1936 ( 2 . 1 5 5 3 ) W , = 2 . 0 4 3 7 W,-W,=O. 1116 W , - W , = l . 1 4 3 8

#8 W , = l . 0118 W , = 2 . 0560 ( 2 . 0 1 9 3 ) W , = 2 . 0 0 6 7 W,-W,=O. 1 1 2 6 W , - W , = l . 1075

#9 W , = l . 0 1 2 0 W , = 2 . 0733 ( 1 . 9 0 0 4 ) W , = l . 8169 W,-W,=O . 083 5 W,-W,=O. 8884

# l o W , = l . 0060 W , = 2 . 3 2 7 5 ( 2 . 2 8 7 9 ) W , = 2 . 2 3 4 6 W,-W,=O. 1 4 8 3 W , - W , = l . 3699

fll W , = l . 0130 W , = 2 . 4 1 7 4 ( 2 . 3 8 2 9 ) W , = 2 . 2 3 4 6 W,-W,=O. 1 4 8 3 W , - W , = l . 3699

# 1 2 W , = l . 0 1 1 1 W , = 2 . 8988 ( 2 . 8 5 9 5 ) W , = 2 . 6 4 9 0 W,-W,=O. 2 105 W , - W , = l . 8 4 8 4

* (ALL W E I G H T S IN GRAMS)

1 0 . 5 % High Clay Soil

Unsifted Soil (Weight Differential Approximately . 0 3 Prior to Oven Use)

#13 W , = l . 0109 W 2 = 2 .8416 ( 2 . 8 1 2 6 ) W , = 2 . 6 2 1 4 W2-W,=0 . 1912 W , - W , = l . 8017

#14 W , = l . 0146 W , = 2 . 4 0 2 4 ( 2 . 3 7 9 2 ) W , = 2 . 2470 W,-W,=O. 1 3 2 2 W,-W,= l . 3 6 4 6

#15 W , = l . 0074 W , = 3 . 1056 (3 .0764) W , = 2 . 8 7 1 6 W2-W,=0 . 2 0 4 8 W, -W,=2 . 0 6 9

#16 W , = l . 0096 W 2 = 2 . 7 4 4 8 ( 2 . 7 2 0 3 ) W , = 2 . 5 4 6 9 W,-W,=O. 1734 W , - W , = l . 7107

#17 W , = l . 0 1 2 6 W , = 2 . 9843 (2 .9580) W , = 2 . 7705 W,-W,=O. 1875 W , - W , = l . 9 4 5 4

#18 W , = l . 0146 W , = 3 . 3686 ( 3 . 3 3 6 8 ) W , = 3 . 1 1 8 2 W,-W,=O. 2 1 8 6 W,=W,=2 . 3 2 2 2

9 . 9 % Unsifted Soil

TABLE 3-1. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS/CALCULATIONS

5

( 2 ) DEHYDRATION PROCESS

PROCEDURES FOR SEDIMENT ANALYSES:

A split of 100 grams from each of three samples was taken

and dried at a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius for 2 4 hours.

Each sample split was then weighed in order to determine the

moisture content of the sample. Approximately 100 milliliters of

a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid was then added to each sample

in order to digest any calcium carbonate present in the sample.

After dissolution, each sample was dried and weighed in order to

determine the carbonate content of the sample. Following this,

each sample waq placed in a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate

(a dispersant) and stirred in a blender in order to disperse the

clays. Once the clays were in suspension, each sample was washed

through a 4.0 phi nylon screen with distilled water.

unit is defined as the -log to the base 2 of the grain size in

millimeters. So, 4.0 phi is equivalent to 1/16 mm diameter

particles.) Since 4.0 phi is the break between sand and silt

sized material, this llwetll sieving allowed the clays and silt-

sized particles to pass through the nylon mesh, where they were

caught in a beaker. This process was repeated for each sample

until all of the clay was washed out of the sample. The clay and

silt fraction was then dried and weighed. The remaining sand-

sized fraction of each sample was also dried and weighed. A

(A phi

breakdown of the sand, carbonate, and combined silt/clay content

can be found in Table 2-2. The weight percent listed in the Table

2-2 is based upon the dry weight of the sample.

6

SAMPLE SOIL SIFTED

INITIAL WEIGHT: (WET) 100.0

DRY WEIGHT: 91.0 WATER CONTENT: 9.0 SAND CONTENT: 64.9 %TOTAL: 0.71 CARBONATE CONTENT: 0.8 %TOTAL: 0.01 SILT/CLAY CONTENT: 25.3 %TOTAL: 0.28

* (ALL WEIGHTS IN GRAMS)

UNSIFTED

100.0

92.2 7.8

62.2 0.67 0.5 0.01

29.5 0.32

TABLE 3-2. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS/CALCULATIONS

\

EXPERIMENTATION (Waste Paper Fiber Analysis)

WASTE PAPER MATERIALS:

* Bleached Kraft

* Mixed

* Bleached Cellulose

* Knots and shives

* News/Telephone Book

NOTE :

CLAY

100.0

87.4 12.6 57.2 0.65 0.7 0.01

29.5 0.34

The waste paper fibers were generated from each of the waste paper materials in the laboratory using a small mechanical shredder.

7

THE PROPERTIES OF WASTE PAPER FIBERS ARE NUMEROUS:

* High Tensile Strength

* Suppleness (Flexibility, conformability)

* Resistance to plastic deformation

* Water insoluble

* Hydrophilic

* Wide range of dimensions

* Inherent bonding ability

* Ability to absorb modifying additives

* Chemically stable

* Relatively colorless (white) i

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

- Sample Soil and Waste Paper Building Blocks*

Where,

d = 4-25" L = 6.0" w = 3.5" H = 1.375"

FIGURE 3-2. CANTILEVER SUPPORT (TRANSVERSE LOADING)**

The technical data including the strength differentials between the soil and waste paper building blocks and the soil building blocks are presented in Table 3 - 3 .

a

STRENGTH DIFFERENTIALS:

MOMENTS: F,lb, My, ft lb FORCES : %=Fa , In Relation to

SAMPLE BLOCKS F, lb *** ft lb the Sifted (Reference Table from Experimental Calculated Soil Sample Left to Right) Values Values Block

SIFTED SOIL 10 3.5 ................................................................. -- SIFTED HIGH CLAY SOIL 13.3069 4.7 3.3, 1.2

10% SIFTED SOIL 9.55115 3.4 -0.4, -0.1 KNOTS & SHIVES

33% 14.3069 5.1 4.3, 1.6

30% SIFTED SOIL 13.2046 4.7 3.2, 1.2 NEWS/TELEPHONE BOOK

33% 11.0 3.9 1.0, 0 . 4

40%

50%

60%

70%

10% SIFTED SOIL BLEACHED KRAFT

20%

33%

50%

10% SIFTED SOIL CELLULOSE

25%

33%

50%

10% SIFTED SOIL MIXED

20%

33%

50%

16.5115

15.4092

16.6138

11.0

7.6519

16.5115

21.2459

18.7161

9.3039

11

15.4092

15.4092

9.2142

12.1023

14.3069

15.4092

5.8

5.5

5.9

3.9

2.7

5.8

7.5

6.6

3.3

3.9

5.5

5.5

3.3

4.3

5.1

5.5

6.5, 2.3

5.4, 2.0

6.6, 2.4

1.0, 0.4

-2.3, -0.8

6.5, 2.3

11.4

8.7, 3.1

-0.7, -0.2

1.0, 0.4

5.4, 2.0

5.4, 2.0

-0.8, -0.2

2.1, 0.8

4 . 3 , 1.6

5.4 , 2.0

9

TABLE 3-3. EXPERIMENTAL STRENGTH DATA

* All of the blocks were sprayed with a non-toxic, non- flammable Terra-Block sealant specifically designed to produce extreme protection against moisture.

Loading is said to be transverse if its line of action is perpendicular to the length of the object.

The waste paper building blocks exhibited a slightly higher time delay (td) before fracture, which seems to indicate additional reinforcement qualities.

- "While individual fibers have very high tensile

**

***

strength,"' the experimentally observed improvements in the strength parameters of the soil and waste paper building block (except in 10% range) seem to be related to the hydrogen bonds between the fibers as well.

- The experimentally observed improvements in the strength parameters of the soil and waste paper building block seem to be related to the ability of the waste paper fibers to create a stronger, more uniform bondjng power.

structure of the waste paper fiber seems to be another reinforcement factor. Experimentally, the longer waste paper fibers have a tendency to yield slightly higher strength parameters than the shorter waste paper fibers at the same percentage levels (i.e. newspaper/telephone book).

- The waste paper fiber morphology, that is, the form and

TECHNICAL NOTES ON TERRA-BLOCK CONSTRUCTION:

The Terra-Block system of earth-wall construction, commonly known as adobe, is probably the simplest and most cost effective way in the world to build homes, schools, stores, offices and warehouses. The Terra-Block system virtually eliminates the labor intensive, time consuming drawbacks of traditional adobe construction while maintaining all of adobe's extraordinary properties and characteristics as a building material. (See Figure 3 - 3 . )

- The Terra-Block System x I,.

z CT:? !:,QCr - D'Jp\C) 1

FIGURE 3-3. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE TERRA-BLOCK SYSTEM.

* The 13,000 pound Terra-Block Duplex Machine is a miniature block-making factory on wheels where "you just throw common soil in it and get a construction block out of it."2

10

ADDITIONAL CALCULATIONS ON TERRA-BLOCK CONSTRUCTION:

SAMPLE : SIFTED SOIL

VOLUME (CU-IN) 280

WEIGHT (LB) 17.3*

Dimensions: ( 3 . 511x12'1x1011)

NEWSPAPER FIBER

140

0 . 7 * *

FIGURE 3-4. SOIL/NEWSPAPER BUILDING BLOCK

SAMPLE

WEIGHT (TONS)

SIFTED S O I L NEWSPAPER FIBER

5 0 . 2 2 . 0

TABLE 3-4.

MATERIAL GENERATED (IN T O N S )

Newspaper 1,479,000

'SIFTED SOIL/NEWSPAPER WEIGHT CALCULATIONS PER BUILDING BLOCK

RECYCLED* (IN TONS) (PERCENT)

3 7 6 , 0 0 0 2 5 . 4

Dimensions: (8.75 I x60 x40 )

FIGURE 3-5. SOIL/NEWSPAPER BUILDING BLOCK STRUCTURE

33% FIBER REINFORCEMENT LEVEL

TABLE 3-6. NEWSPAPER GENERATION AND RECYCLING IN FLORIDA (Ju ly 1, 1989 - June 30, 1990)3

* Tons of waste newspaper fiber per yea r could be used in the Terrs-Block process which would significantly increase the reported recycling rate.

11

TECHNICAL NOTES ON BRICK CONSTRUCTION:

The manufacturing procedure has six general phases:

1) Winning and storage of raw materials, 2) Preparing raw materials, 3 ) Forming units, 4 ) Drying, 5) Firing and cooling, and 6) Drawing and storing finished products (See Figure 3 - 6 . ) .

input L

FIGURE 3-6. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE BRICK MANUFACTURING PROCESS '

*Firing may be divided into six general stages: 1) Water-smoking (evaporating free water), 2) Dehydration, 3) Oxidation, 4 ) Vitrification, 5) Flashing, and 6) Cooling. All except flashing and cooling are associated with rising temperatures in the kiln. Although the actual temperatures will differ with the clay or shale, water-smoking takes place at temperatures up to about 4 0 0 ° F ( 2 0 4 O C ) , dehydration from about 300°F to 1800OF (149OC to 982OC), oxidation from lOOOOF to 1800OF (538OC to 982OC) and vitrification from 1600OF to 2400OF (871OC to 1316OC).

After the temperature has reached the maximum and is maintained for a prescribed time (approximately 4 0 to 150 hours), the cooling process begins. Because the rate of cooling has a direct effect on color and because excessively rapid cooling will cause cracking and checking of the ware, cooling is an important stage ji the firing process and requires an additional (approximately) 40-72 hours for proper cooling.

12

2 . AN INTERIOR DECORATIVE WALL PANEL

A Florida Company, Fiberstone Quarries, now produces interior decorative wall panels that contain a fiber other than paper fiber. A series of tests at the facility have shown that the use of some types of waste paper fiber can produce a superior product. Fiberstone Quarries has placed an initial order for one ton of waste paper fiber produced in Florida. This market for waste paper fiber could reach five tons per month.

As a result of this project, Fiberstone Quarries now offers a unique service to producers of fibrous wastes. If requested, Fiberstone will incorporate suitable fibrous wastes produced by a client into that client's wall panels and moldings to be used in decorating or redecorating elegant spaces.

Samples of the decorative simulated stone construction material made with waste paper fiber are being presented to FDER with this report.

13

3 . THE INTERIOR NON-LOADBEARING WALL PANEL MADE FROM USED CARDBOARD BOXES

A massive amount of corrugated paperboard is manufactured, used once, and disposed of through landfilling or incineration. About one half of the corrugated paperboard is used, collected, baled, and recycled through repulping and reforming processes as paperboard or corrugated paperboard. Almost no used corrugated paperboard is reused essentially Itas is.." The project team was especially interested in finding new uses for corrugated paperboard in its common and always available condition (old cardboard boxes).

Corrugated paperboard container material is very sturdy, and it is almost always available in large amounts at very low prices. Some of this material is used for small containers, or coated with waxes, oils, insecticides, etc. and is not suitable for producing wall panels.

The corrugated paperboard best suited for wall panel construction is that which is specifically designed for shipping large heavy items such-as furniture or household appliances.

The study team contacted an office furniture supply business and requested the boxes that would be available at their next large delivery of furniture. A pickup truck load of excellent material was available three days later. The most substantial types of corrugated paperboard available may have two or more crenulated layers and three or more flat layers of paperboard.

The team decided to produce wall panels some 4 % inches thick. This is the thickness of walls constructed with 211x411 studs and sheet rock.

i

We determined that the great majority of corrugated paperboard is constructed with regular maize starch or modified maize starch. The animal glues (hyde glue and bone glue) are also often used with paper fiber products.

Both maize starch and animal glue are generally available, inexpensive, and biodegradable. Our testing program for adhesives was limited to maize starch and animal glue. The maize starch was found to be less expensive, easier to work with, did not produce objectionable odors during cooking, and was so selected for our use in laminating corrugated paperboard.

Because a large percentage of the overall municipal solid waste stream consists of paper, and much of the paper is corrugated paperboard, even massive uses of this waste material would not be expected to produce shortages of waste paperboard.

14

The new corrugated paperboard wall panel is in effect "hand made" in that various sized pieces of material are cut and pieced together to make a single item. Machine manufacture would not be feasible. Because the labor needed is not specialized and because an overly adequate labor force is available in most areas, labor should not be a limiting factor in production.

The outstanding factor in limiting the potential of this wall panel is its acceptance by the construction industry. If the panel can be made acceptable to builders it will have unlimited potential and use could reach several thousands of tons per year.

Although installation procedures and materials for these new panels have not been tested, we believe that application of a sprayed sealant and wallpaper will produce an interior wall suitable for certain situations.

One each of the two sizes of corrugated paperboard wall panels are being presented to the FDER with this report.

Results of our testing program on the corrugated wall panel are as follows: b

OBJECTIVE: To perform research and development in the production of a construction material with the lamination of corrugated paperboard.

INTERIOR NON-LOADBEARING WALL PANEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:

6 , 4" Corrugated panels per section

Alignment of corrugations (strength) vertical/horizontal

'!Tongue & Groove" Fit

as

3 at (from

7RE 3-7. GROSS DESIGN OF THE INTERIOR NON-LOADBEARING WALL PANEL

15

2) ANIMAL GLUE: (Hide/Bone)

'!The important commercial raw materials for making animal glue come from tanneries, which supply limed splits and chrome tanned pieces, and from slaughter houses which furnish fleshings, hide pieces and bones.I''

COST : Source: Milligan and Higgins Division of Hudson Industries Corporation, Johnstown, NY

Product: Animal Glue (Hide)

cost of product 2,000# @ $l.lS/pound 50# and loo# Bags 6,000# @ $l.lO/pound on Pallets - wrapped lo,OOO# @ $1.05/pound

1 OC/ pound Freight FM Johnstown, NY

Total Costs 1.15 + . l o = $1.25/pound

COST : Source: Swift Adhesives Division of Reichold Chemicals, St. Joseph, Missouri

Product: Animal Glue (Bone) #92226

1-55 gallon drum - 510-530 pounds = .97 pounds .82 pounds -72 pounds

4 10 drums

i

- - - -

$3/drum charge FOB St. Joseph, Missouri Freight: .08/pound

Total Costs .97 + .08 = $1.05/pound

Price increases with test grade. The higher the grade, the higher the glue's viscosity, water absorption, melting point. The faster it sets to a gel, the more aggressive the tack, and the stronger the dried film.g

YIELD: Approximately 2 lbs/ton of paper'

EXPERIMENTATION/RESEARCH:

The properties of the adhesive materials are summarized in Table 1-1 below:

1. Strong adhesive qualities

2 . Fast set and tackiness

3. Shear, Tensile stress : > 90, 9 psi/> 90, 13 psi, respectively* (Figure 1-2A, 1-2B)

4. Reversible gel upon cooling Solidif led HEAT a Liquif ied (Gel) HZO (Precipitate)

5. Retains characteristics unaltered if kept dry

17

6. Suffers enzymatic/bacterial attack if wet

7 . Solubility Dispersible in H,O, partly soluble

8. Density (l.lg/ml - 1.3 g/ml) 9. pH (6.7 - 7.4)

pH (bone) Approximately 5.5, slightly acidic with distinct odor

TABLE 3-7. REGULAR m I Z E STARCH/ANIMAL ADHESIVE CHARACTERISTICS.

NOTE: The force is tangential to the bonded A, unlike the situation of the tensile stress experiment shown in Figure 3-8B.

Top-view

NOTE: Assume the forces to be uniformly distributed over the bonded cross sectional area of the corrugated paperboard.

Side-view

Shear stress = dF,/A [psi] Tensile stress = dF/A [psi]

FIGURE 3-8A. SHEAR STRESS FIGURE 3-8B. TENSILE STRESS EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT

. APPLICATION TECHNIOUE:

1) Deposit a thin, uniform, continuous adhesive film on surfaces of corrugated paperboard with a wide bladed putty knife.

Apply uniform pressure to insure initial bond strength.

* NOTE: Applying a thin, uniform, continuous film, combined with the quick-setting characteristics, holds the adhesive to the surfaces, thereby minimizing bleeding and warping and maximizing overall efficiency.

2)

EXPERIMENTATION/RESEARCH RESULTS (Recap):

Selection of an adhesive

Literature shows much use of maize starch and animal glues with paper fiber, since both of these are cheap and generally available.

Regular maize starch is the chosen adhesive not only because of its characteristics, but because of the fact that "starch is a natural polymer, available in very large quantities and at relatively low and stable prices. ' I 1 1

18

EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY PROCEDURE:

Effective Usage: Regular maize starch, 8% concentration

D I

3 - - e r s 2 0 n 1

(cm>

* Experimentally modified the concentration level of starch as required to achieve maximum efficiency

I I I I I I I I I I I

Gelatinization temp (Q 60 - 70 C) --

--

5

Dispersion vs Time 8c Temperature (Viscosity Curve)

Time (min)

FIGURE 3-9. EXPERIMENTAL CURVE FOR REGULAR MAIZE STARCH*

* NOTE : A colloidal dispersion apparatus (Bostwick Consistometer) was used to monitor the viscosity of the regular maize starch.

i' - 5

I

FIGURE 3-10. TYPICAL CURVE FOR REGULAR MAIZE STARCH"

19

The characteristics of regular maize starch after cooking are given in Table 3 - 8 :

VISCOSITY HOT COOK HOT COOK ON PROLONGED GEL FORMATION

STARCH BODY VISCOSITY COOKING ON COOLING CLARITY

CORN SHORT MED I UM STABLE VERY HIGH OPAQUE

TABLE 3-8. COOK CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN STARCH13

RE FIGURE 3-10, Corn starch gives a relatively low peak velocity. This is because the granules are only moderately swollen. This peak is followed by some breakdown during cooking as a result of granule fragmentation under shear stresses. On cooling, gelation occurs, and the viscosity increases substantially. l4

CORRUGATED WASTE PAPER WALL PANEL GENERAL COST ANALYSIS:

MATERIALS : (1) Adhesive ( 8 % Regular Maize Starch Concentrat ion)

USAGE :

(2) Corrugated Waste Paper Fiber Boards

(1) 1 TBSP/Ft2 (15 ml/ft2)

( 2 ) N = # of corrugated boards N = 18 (N x $ I 1 = 4 % " )

Total # of Bonded Surface Areas = 36-2 = 3 4 @ (2' x 2' each)

The Dimensions/Specifications are presented in Table 3-9 below:

WALL PANEL GELATINIZED STARCH UNGELATINIZED STARCH* COST (1) (kg) ( $ 1

2 . 0 4 0 . 1 6 0 .14

4 ' x 8 ' x 4 i t 1 1 6 . 3 2 1 . 3 0 1 . 1 4

6 5 . 2 8 5.22 4 . 5 9 1 6 x 8 x 4 3 I'

TABLE 3-9. WASTE PAPER CONSTRUCTION CALCULATIONS

* NOTE: Ungelatinized regular maize starch ( @ . 4 0 / l b )

20

TYPICAL WALL PANEL GENERAL COST ANALYSIS:

MATERIALS :

USAGE :

Sheet-rock

Studs

Nails

*NOTE: # of studs = L/d + 1 (Round UP )

4 'x8 Ix'itt sheets ( @ $3.69)

1 h 1 1 ~ 8 1 ~ 3 5 1 t studs * ( @ $1.09) + 16' (Bottom/Top) ( @ $4.51/$3.39)

Sheet rock/Stud nails ( @ $1.09/lb, $.69/lb)

where , L: is the length of the wall

d: is the stud separation or distance (16"-18")

The Dimensions/Specifications are presented in Table 3-lobelow:

STUDS/ SHEET-ROCK/ SHEET ROCK 16 ' STUD NAILS, (lb) COST

WALL PANEL (4 'X8 'X\'I) (BOTTOM/TOP) (RESPECTIVELY) ( $ )

21.42 4'X8'X4q1' 2 411 1/1

16 ' X8 4 I' 8 12/1 5/3 58.02

TABLE 3-10. TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION CALCULATIONS.

21

4. A LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL MADE OF SHORT SECTIONS OF TUBING COMPOSED OF RECLAIMED PAPER FIBER

Because a large percentage of paper tubing manufactured in the United States is made from either a high percentage reclaimed paper fiber mix or a 100% reclaimed paper fiber mix, any new use of paper tubing should stimulate the recycling of paper.

The tubular shape has inherent strength properties not matched by any other shape. Our interest in the strength of the tubular shape and out interest in packaging products led us to the idea of producing a very strong, loose packaging material.

We obtained 100% reclaimed fiber paper tubing of one inch and one and one-half inches in diameter. Each of the tubes was cut into one inch sections. The sections were tested for strength and cost per cubic foot computed.

A series of strength tests showed that the amount of pressure required to crush the tubing is related to the aspect at which the pressure is applied. Only 10 to 13 pounds of pressure could crush the tube sections when applied against the tube wall. Over 150 pounds of pressure was required for crushing when applied against the circular face of the tube end. A random mixture of tube section aspects to an applied pressure will exhibit a crush resistance between 10 pounds and 150 pounds. This added crush resistance may be needed by some shippers and may offset the relatively high cost of tube section loose packaging material.

i

Cost analysis of the tube section material showed it to be quite expensive.

Results of our testing program on the tube material are as follows:

2 2

LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL (TUBES) GENERAL COST ANALYSIS:

PACKAGING TUBES i

(INSIDE DIA, IN) n n1 Wl ( a x io3)*

1.0 110 1320 5.8 5.6

1.5 56 672 4.3 7.8

THICKNESS : 1/16" RESPECTIVELY

n2 Cl($) * * 1035 10.35, 13.20

551 5.51, 6.72

n

[LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL POLYSTYRENE (Randomly dispersed

per cu-ft) I 1 cost [$/cu-ft] 0.85

n2

Cl

PAPERBOARD TUBES

1 0 . 3 5 , 5.51

F I G U R E 3 .11 . LOOSE P A C F A G I N G FATERIAL

Number of tubes FA maximum yield/sq ft)

Weight [lb/cu-ft]

Number of tubes (Maximum yield/cu-ft)

- 0 . 3 0 5 . 8 0 , 4 . 3 0

Weight of packaging material (Randomly dispersed, lb/cu-.ft)

Average weight of packaging material per tube (lb)

Approximate number of tubes (Randomly dispersed/cu-ft)

Cost of packaging material per cu-ft (Randomly dispersed, maximum )

* * 200-tubes (,I1 x 50") @ $109.45 200-tubes (1.5" x 50") @ $115.50

COST/WEIGHT COMPARISON

23

In order to test the ability of the waste paper (tubes) and laminated Corrugated waste paper board (cubes) to withstand stresses and strains without fracture, the compressibility characteristics of the materials were examined. The bulk modulus measures the resistance a material presents to having its volume compressed. The inverse of the bulk modulus (which measures the opposite of rigidity) is called the compressibility (k) of the material. A bulk modulus or "crush resistance" experiment for each material is illustrated below (Figure 3-12):

I F I' I

FIGURE 3-12. CRUSH RESISTANCE EXPERIMENT

*NOTE : Lamination process of corrugated waste paper board is discussed in detail in Phase I.

With respect to the laminated corrugated waste paper packaging cubes (Volume V,) with h being the area of each face of the cube, a force is applied inward perpendicular to the face of the cube. T h e stress is taken to be force per unit area, causing a volume change, dV. h similar test vas also performed on the waste paper tubes.

Table 3-13includcs the technical values of the crush experiment.

2 4

~ ~~

SAMPLE :

CUBES #1 # 2 # 3

TUBES #1 102

TABLE 3-13. TECHNICAL VALUES*

Force, lb Height, in (Before/ (Maximum Compression) After Compression,

respectively)

7 0 . 7 5 , 0.5 13 1.0, 0 . 7 5 15 1.25, 1.0

10 1.0, 0 . 7 5 13 1.5, 1.0

*NOTE: The fluted layer of the corrugated cubes and the geometrical properties of the tubes (circular) both aid in .the stiffness and resistance to crushing.

25

Corrugated paperboard is used almost exclusively for shipping containers (cardboard boxes). The great majority of these containers are used one time and then either baled for recycling or disposed of through landfilling or incineration.

Because one of the project team objectives was to develop a new packaging material, we had studied the use of a number of products including expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam). The prevalence and use of Styrofoam has fallen into ill repute in the environmental activists' ranks. An acceptable substitute would be welcomed by a substantial number of I1styrof oam peanut" users.

Corrugated paperboard has a built-in cushioning capacity and is available in large amounts at low prices. This, along with our wbrk in laminating corrugated paperboard for wall panel construction led to the idea of producing llcorrugated cubes" for the loose packaging material market.

Regular maize starch was selected as the adhesive of choice because of its biodegradability, low cost, general availability, and adhering strength.

Four sizes of this product are being present to FDER with this report.

Results of our testing program are as follows:

2 6

LOOSE

-

PACKAGING CUBES

( c u - i n )

0.75

1.00

1.25

N: 2N-2: n: n, :

G I : n, : c, :

W:

GELATINIZED UNGELATINIZED STARCH STARCH / STARCH* STARCH COST ( $ ) * * CUBE

N 2N-2 (ml) ( 9 ) ( cx103) n ( ~ ~ 1 0 ~ ) n1

3 4 60 4.8 4.2 256 1.7 4096

4 6 90 7.2 6.3 144 4.4 1728

5 8 120 9.6 8.5 81 10.4 729 I

w ( l b ) I Av. wt/cube 1 n2 I Cl(S) I Cz(S) I C 3 ( $ ) I c,(S)lc5($)

c, :

1.00

1.25

C3 : c, :

I I I

5.7 6.2 916 0.04, 0.08 0.19 0.02 0.50 0.08

5.4 13.1 411 0.04, 0.08 0.18 0.02 0.50 0.08

c, :

LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL (Randomly dispersed per cu-ft)

cost [$/cu-ft]

PACKAGING MATERIAL (CUBES) GENERAL C O S T ANALYSIS:

POLYSTYRENE PAPERBOARD CUBES (Respectively)

0 . 8 5 0 . 8 3 , 0 . 8 3 , 0 . 8 2

FIGURE 3 13. LOOSE PkCF.AGINC l 'J .?EP.IU

Number of corrugated paper boards (l'xl'x\") Number of bonded surface area Number of cubes (maximum yield/sq-ft) Number of cubes (maximum yield/cu-ft) Weight of packaging material (randomly dispersed/cu-ft) Average weight of packaging material per cube (lb) Approximate number of cubes (Randomly dispersed/cu-ft) Cost of starch per cu-ft of packaging material (Randomly dispersed, maximum) Cost of corrugated paperboard per cu-ft (Approx. $40/ton paper, paper (l1xl1x1~") weight = 0.2 lb) Cost of drying per cu-ft (Approx 2 hrs @ T=130°C) Cost of labor per cu-ft ( 2 laborers @ $4.25/hr produce 5 cu-yd/8 hrs) Cost of machine production ($0.08/cu-ft)

0.75 2.4 I 2445 I 0.04, 0.07 I 0.19 I 0.02 I 0.50 10 .08

* The tabulated quantity of gelatinized starch is proportional to the amount of wa':er in the 8 % regular maize starch concentration.

** The label c x l o 3 at the head of a column means that all the values given for c in that column have been multiplied by l o 3 . Hence c for 0 . 7 5 cubes is 4 . 2 ~ 1 0 - ~ [$I, where ungelatinized starch cost is approximately $.40/lb.

TABLE 3-14. LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL COST CALCULATIONS

IWeiqht [ lb/cu-ft] I 0.30 I 5.90, 5 . 7 0 , 5 . 4 0 1 TABLE 3-15. LOOSE PACKAGING MATERIAL COST/WEIGHT COMPARISONS

27

SAMPLE :

CUBES #1 # 2 # 3

Force, lb (Maximum Compression)

7 1 3 1 5

Height, in (Before/ After Compression, respectively)

0 .75 , 0 . 5 1 .0 , 0 . 7 5 1 . 2 5 , 1 .0

I TUBES 10

13 1.0, 0 . 7 5 1 .5 , 1 . 0

TABLE 3-16. TECHNICAL VALUES*

*NOTE: The fluted layer of the corrugated cubes and the geometrical properties of the tubes (circular) both aid in the stiffness and resistance to crushing.

2 8

In our efforts to develop uses for used corrugated paperboard, we produced a small ( 2 ' by 2 ' ) and large ( 4 ' x 8 ' ) wall panel for interior, non-loadbearing walls, and a loose packaging material which we believe will compete with Styrofoam "peanuts." A second loose packaging material was developed using small sections of tubes made of reclaimed paper fibers.

We have not found any previous works describing efforts similar to ours. We have, as far as we have determined, produced the first:

1. Building blocks made entirely of soil and paper fiber.

2. Simulated stone wallboard constructed with waste paper fiber.

3 . Interior wall panels constructed entirely of corrugated paperboard.

4. Loose packaging material made of waste corrugated paperboard.

5. Loose packaging material made of tubular reclaimed paper fiber. k

SECTION 5.

I PROJECT QUALITY ASSURANCE/OUALITY CONTROL (OA/OCI PLAN

Due to the nature of this project, the design of needed sampling and analysis procedures were necessarily designed, developed, and modified as the project progressed. Prior approval of a QA/QC plan by DER was not applicable to this project.

SECTION 6.

PLANNED ACTIONS TO FURTHER DEVELOP AND PROMOTE THE NEW PRODUCTS

Each of the new waste paper fiber products still needs considerable refining of design and production procedure. Consumer acceptance testing will also be required.

3 0

BCM Engineers, Inc. will continue to work with Benedict Engineering on the refinement of design and production techniques for the corrugated wall panel and the two loose packaging materials. BCM and Benedict will continue to work with Terra-Block Worldwide to refine and market the soil-waste paper fiber building block. Fiberboard Quarries will continue to investigate the use of available waste paper types in its decorative construction products.

The project team will pursue patents on any of the products that appear patentable and will attempt to market one or more of the products.

The project team will present its findings at one or more appropriate conferences or seminars and will produce a written account of the work for publication in a legitimate solid waste publication.

SECTION 7.

PROJECT FINANC~AL REPORT

The set of invoices submitted to FDER with the project quarterly report submitted on June 21, 1991, indicated that some $23,649.72 or 31.5% of the $75,000 budget had been expended through June 13, 1991.

A full accounting of funds expended through July 31, 1991, indicates that some $37,112.00 or 50% of the $75,000 budget had been expended as of that date.

SECTION 8.

PUBLICITY MATERIALS

The project team will cooperate with FDER to publicize each of the five new products noted here. We will do this by producing, as needed, reasonable amounts of the five products and by giving presentations, as requested by FDER, on the projects' results. No flyers or handouts on the materials are now planned.

31

SECTION 9.

PRODUCTION OF TECHNICAL ARTICLE FOR PUBLICATION

The project team will cooperate on the production of a technical article on the project. FDER will approve the selection of an appropriate journal.

SECTION 10.

ORAL PRESENTATION AT A MEETING OR CONFERENCE

A member of the project team will give an oral presentation at a meeting or conference. The selected meeting or conference will be approved by FDGR.

SECTION 11.

RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC

The project team will make all of the studies' findings available to FDER before releasing any information to the media or public.

Before any information is released to the media or public such intentions will be made known to FDER.

3 2

SECTION 12.

REFERENCES

‘Mark, R . E . Cell Wall Mechanics of Tracheids. 1967. Yale University Press, New Haven.

211He Sold Gorby on Cheap Housing.I1 December 1989. Florida Trend.

3Solid Waste Manaqement in Florida, 1990 Annual Report. March 1991. Department of Environmental Regulation.

4Brick Institute of America (BIA). March 1986. Technical Notes on Brick Construction (No. 91, Revised.

5/’4Bennion, Marion. 1980. The Science of Food. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

6/8’9/10/11/13Skei~t, Irving, ed. 1980. Handbook of Adhesives. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New Yprk.

’Lineback, David and Inglett, George E. 1982. Food Carbohydrates. AVI Publishing, Westport, CT.

”Schoch, T.J., Schultz, H.W., Cain, R.F., and Wrolstad, R.W., eds. 1969.. Starches in Foods, In: Carbohydrates and their Roles.

3 3

Flo rida Depa rtm en t of E n v ii-o 72 menta I R e p la t io n TLvln T(1wers Office f31dg 0 2600 Blair Stone Road TAldu55ee, Florida 3 2 3 9 9 2 4 0 0

/ Bob Martinez, Governor Dale Tuachtnidnn Sccreury lohn Shearer Aszi5rrnt 4ecrerir\

7

RECD - L M M rcI,

JE6 --cc June 22, 1990

JUNZ 5 1990 I FI

Mr. Frasier Bingham c/o BCM Engineers, Inc. 570 Grace Avenue Panama City, Florida 32402

BCisl CONVERSE, INC., P.C. iyB-

Dear Mr. Bingham:

Enclosed are two copies of the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Agreement to Produce Wood-Like Material Through the Compaction of Used Newspaper Fiber, DER Contract No. SW45, and a copy of the Public Entity Crimes Form required by Section 287.122 ( 3 ) (a), Florida Statutes.

\ . Please note that paragraph 5 of the MANAGEMENT section of your * ? contract has been modified to include the following language:

"If the DER performs an audit and finds unallowable or undocumented expenditures, the CONTRACTOR shall be required to reimburse the DER for such amounts plus interest earned.

This modification was made at the request of the Departnent's Inspector General.

,In addition to the change noted above, all innovative technology grant recipients are required to subinit, with the final project report, an abstract using ANSI 239-18-1974, Optional Form 272, xhich is provided as Attachment B to your contract. If you have any questions regarding the completion of this forin, please -

contact Ms. Peggy Maloney at 9 0 4 / 4 8 7 - 2 4 9 8 .

To assist you in complying with the PAYMENTS section of your contract, I have enclosed several of the State of Florida/DER travel voucher form and Section 112.051, Florida Statutes, which describes the travel requirements for State of Florida employees and contractors. Based on my experience with contract invoices, the application process for reimbursement of travel expenses routinely poses the greatest amount of difficulty for contractors.

Upon execution of the enclosed contracts, please return one copy of the executed cDntract and the completed Public Entity Crimes

form to my attention at the letterhead address. The enclosed contracts must be executed and one copy returned no later than Friday, June 29, 1990.

If you have any questions regarding the enclosed materials, please call me at 904/922-5942.

Sincerely,

L’

Gwenn D. Godfrey Grants Specialist Supervisor

GDG/ tw

c: Billy Kahn, DER, Tallahassee

I

DER CONTRACT TJO. SW45 FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

AGREEHENT TO PRODUCE WOOD-LIKE MATERIAL THROUGH THE COMPACTION OF USED NEWSPAPER FIBER

CONTRACTOR

BCM ENGINEERS, I N C . P.O. Box 1426 Panama City, Florida 32402

FEID NO. ~a-83-8-0359 073 fy*

The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) hereby retains the CONTRACTOR to produce wood-like material through the compaction of used newspaper fiber in accordance with Attachment A,'Scope of Work, attached hereto and made a part hereof; and as outlined in DER Solicitation No. 9002C and CONTRACTOR'S response thereto incorporated by reference. Any terms or conditions in this contract which vary from those contained in the solicitation or CONTRACTOR'S response shall have prec-edence.

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES

1. The CONTRACTOR is responsible for the professional quality, technical accuracy, timely completion and coordination of all designs, drawings, specifications, reports and other services furnished by the CONTRACTOR under this contract. The CONTRACTOR shall, without additional compensation, correct or revise any errors, omissions or other deficiencies in its designs drawings, specifications, reports and other services.

2. The CONTRACTOR shall submit its proposed Quality kssurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Plan to the DER for the purpose of approval prior to commencing any sampling or analyses activities under this contract (if applicable).

REPCRTSIDELIVERABLES

In an effort to conserve and recycle natural resources, the CONTRACTOR shall submit all reports generated under this contract on recycled paper.

The CONTRACTOR agrees to provide a copy of any draft report and/or final report to the Department before making or allowing a press release or other public announcement of the project rindings.

DER Contract No. SW45 Paqe 2

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for publicizing the results of this project statewide. This may be accomplished through the distribution .of brochures, press releases, publications, journals, public service announcements, demonstration videos, workshops, and use of other media. Prior to publicizing the results of this project, the CONTRACTOR shall receive the DER'S written consent on all materials to be publicized.

The CONTRACTOR shall submit quarterly progress reports in conjunction with invoices. The reports are due within ten (10) calendar pays after the end of the first calendar quarter under contract, and within ten (10) calendar days after each calendar quarter thereafter in which the contract is in effect. Each quarterly progress report shall include, at a minimum, the following: ,

i

A description of tasks completed; Conformance to the project schedule, highlighting any deviation from the original Scope of Work and schedule of tasks, and reasons for such deviation; and, A financial status report, including budgeted versus actual costs incurred.

A literature search is a necessary component of this contract. If a literature search has not been previously supplied to the DER, in regards to the proposed research, then the CONTRACTOR agrees to submit a literature search as part of the final report. The literature search shall contain a bibliography of material consulted and a summary of the findings with an explanation as to how the CONTRACTOR'S research differs in scope and/or results from previous work in this area.

A final comprehensive report shall be submitted to the DER no later than May 15, 1991. The final report shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

- A detailed summary of the project's results; - The potential applications of the results of the project

including the feasibility of using the project's techniques in the recycling marketplace in Florida;

- A description of the size and location of markets for the product(s) derived from the project;

- A description of how the CONTR4CTOR intends to act on the results;

- A financial report; and, - Copies of materials used to publicize project.

DER Contract No. sw45 Page 3

With the submission of the final report, the CONTRACTOR shall provide an abstract summarizing the objectives, methods employed and findings of the research using A N S I 239.18 - 1974, Optional Form 272, provided as Attachment B, attached hereto and made a part hereof.

A draft final. report shall be submitted to DER no later than April 1, 1991, to allow adequate review time by the DER prior to the preparation of the final report. The DER shall review the draft final report within fourteen (14) calendar days of receipt. T h e final report shall be submitted as a condition for final payment.

In addition to the deliverables outlined above, the CONTRACTOR shall:

1.

2.

3 . ‘r.

5:

4 .

Reasonably, accommodate DER and Solid Waste professionals to tour a demonstration test site;

Present a technical article of the study in an appropriate publication;

Make an oral presentation to a meeting or technical conference on waste management of the final results of the study (DER will assist the CONTRACTOR in identifying an appropriate forum); and,

Provide DER with small cross-sectional samples of the final product.

TERM 09 AGREEMENT

This contract is effective on the date of execution and shall remain in effect until May 31, 1991, by which date all requirements shall have been completed.

SUBLETTING

The CONTRACTOR shall not sublet, assign, or transfer any work under this contract without the prior written consent of the DER.

COMPENSATION

For satisfactory performance, the DER agrees to compensate the CO?ITRACTOR on a cost reimbursement basis. Maximum compensation under this contract shall not exceed $75,000.

The State of Florida’s perfornance and obligation to pay under this contract is contingent upon an annual appropriation by

2

DER Contract No. SW45 Page 4

the Legislature or continuation of other funding presently anticipated, without liability for anticipated profits for unfinished work.

PAYMENTS

THE CONTRACTOR shall submit invoices on a quarterly basis. Each invoice shall be submitted in conjunction with a quarterly progress report as required under the REPORTS section of this contract. A final invoice shall be submitted no later than June 14, 1991.

The State Comptroller requires detailed supporting documentation of all costs under a cost reimbursement contract necessary for preaudit and postaudit review. Invoices shall be accompanied by supporting documentation and other requirements as follows:

1.

2 .

I i

4.

5.

Salaries/Waqes - List personnel involved, salary rates and hours/time spent on project.

Frinqe Benefits - Shall be calculated at 30% of direct salaries.

Travel - Travel expenses and per diem must be documented by a State of Florida Travel Voucher with appropriate receipts. Reimbursement will be made in accordance with Chapter 112.061, Florida Statutes.

Contractual - (Subcontracts) - Reimbursement requests f o r payments to subcontractorr must be substantiated by copies of invoices with back-up documentation identical to that required from the prime contractor. Salary rates, fringe benefits and overhead rates charged by subcontractors must be clearly identified on each invoice. The DER reserves the right to audit all salary rates and multipliers charged by subcontractors. If an audit reveals that the DER has over paid the CONTRACTOR for subcontracted services, the CONTRACTOR shall be required to reimburse the DER for sucl overpaid funds and seek cost recovery from the subcontractor.

EuuiDment - (Capital outlay over $500 in value) - Reimbursement for the purchase of equipment is subject to specific approval of the D Z 2 . Upon contract completion, equipment authorized for purchase by the CONTRACTOR shall remain the property of the CONTRACTOR. If the CONTRACTOR fails to perform to the satisfaction of the DER, all equipment purchased with funds from this contract shall be returned to the DER upon contract termination.

DER Contract No. SW45 Page 5

6 . Rental/Lease of Equipment - Include copies of invoices, receipts or purchase requisitions, etc. to document charges.

7. Other Expenses e. g. , Materials, supplies, phone , reproduction, mailing, must be documented by itemizing and including copies of receipts, requisitions or invoices.

The DER shall pay all satisfactory invoices in accordance idith Section 215.422, Florida Statutes. Four copies of each invoice shall be submitted to:

Department of Environmental Regulation Bureau of Waste Planning and Regulation Attn: Ms. Emily Messersmith 2600 Slair Stone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400

MANAGEMENT

THE DER Project Manager is Mr. William Kahn, Phone 904/922-6104. The CONTRACTOR'S Project Manager is Dr. Frasier Bingham, Phone 904/769-0292. A l l matters shall be directed to the project managers for appropriate action or disposition.

The CONTRACTOR agrees to the following terms:

1. The DER may terminate this contract for its convenience. In this event, the CONTRACTOR shall be compensated for work completed and irrevocable commitments made.

2. All services shall be performed by the CONTRACTOR to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the DER or his designated representative.

3 . If the CONTRACTOR fails to perform in a timely and proper manner, in the judgment of the DER, the DE2 may terminate this contract by written notice, specifying the effective time/date. In this event, the CONTRACTOR shall be compensated for any work satisfactorily completed and irrevocable commitments made.

4. The DER and CONTRACTOR may at any time, by written order designated to be a change order, make any change in the work within the general scope of the contract (e.g. , specifications , time, method or manner of performance, requirements, etc.). F.11 change orders are subject to nutual agreement of both parties and shall be evidenced in writinq.

DER Contract No. sw45 Page 7

INSURANCEIWORKER’S COMPENSATION

To the extent required by law, the CONTRACTOR wiy’+ secure and maintain such insurance as will protect it from clh-ihs under Worker’s Compensation Acts and from claims for bodily injury, death, or property damage which may arise from the performance of its services under this contract.

CHOICE OF LAW/FORUM

The paTties hereby agree that any and all actions or disputes arising out of this contract shall be governed by the Laws of the State of Florida; and any such actions shall be brought in Leon County, Florida.

SEVERABILITY

In the event one or more provisions of this contract are declared invalid, the balance of this contract shall remain in full force and effect.

ENTIRE F-GREEMENT - 3

It is hereby understood and agreed that this contract states the entire agreement and that the parties are not bound by any stipulations, representations, agreements, or promises, oral or otherwise, not printed in this contract.

BCM ENGINEERS, INC.

Date: 6 z 7 h

i I 1 BCM E.ngineers Inc,

Engineers. Planners, Scienlists and Laboratory Services

570 Grace Ave . P 0 Box 1426 - Panama Ciiy. F L 32102 Phone (904) 769-0292 . FAX (904) 785-9403

June 27, 1990

Ms. Gwenn Godfrey Grants Specialist Supervisor Florida Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blair ,Stone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400

RE: DER Contract No. SW45

Dear Ms. Godfrey:

- Attached is one copy each of the executed DER Contract No. SW45 and completed Public Entity Crimes form.

The following change f o r "Attachment A " , Scope of work, for DER Contract No. SW45 is requested.

DER Contract SW45, Attachment A , Paqe 3 of 3

Delete the following paragraph:

6 . Q U A L I T Y ASSURAIJCE

BCX Engineers Inc. and their Project Manager, Dr. Frasier I3ingham, will be fully responsible for assuring that all work accomplished will be accurate and of high quality. Dr. Bingham will personally accomplish the bulk of BCM activity and will also oversee and coordinate all work done by subcontracting and cooperating companies. Dr. Bingham will produce all quarterly reports and the final report.

M s . Gwenn G o d f r e y J u n e 2 7 , 1 3 9 0 Page 2

I n s e r t t h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h :

6 . QUALITY ASSURANCE

BCM E n g i n e e r s I n c . and t h e i r P r o j e c t Manager , D r . F r a s i e r Bingham, w i l l be f u l l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a s s u r i n g t h a t a l l work , - ~ o m p l i s h e d w i l l be a c c u r a t e a n d of h i g h q u a l i t y . D r . Bingham,

o r a n o t h e r , p r o f e s s i o n a l BCM employee a p p r o v e d by DER, w i l l p e r s o n a l l y a c c o m p l i s h t h e b u l k o f BCM a c t i v i t y a n d w i l l a l s o o v e r s e e and c o o r d i n a t e a l l work d o n e b y s u b c o n t r a c t i n g and c o o p e r a t i n g c o m p a n i e s . D r . Bingham, o r a DER a p p r o v e d p r o f e s s i o n a l BCM employee, w i l l p r o d u c e a l l q u a r t e r l y r e p o r t s a n d t h e f i n a l r e p o r t . i

S h o u l d you h a v e a n y q u e s t i o n s , p lease c a l l me a t ( 9 0 4 ) 7 6 9 - 0232.

Yours v e r y t r u l y ,

BCM E I J G I N E E R S I N C .

S e n i o r T e c h d i c a l C o n s u l t a n t

F O B / s h

A t t a c h . (2)

xc v / a t t a c h : ECM E n g i n e e r s I n c . , M o b i l e , A l a .

January 23, 1991

Mr. F r a s i e r 0 , Bingham, P h . D . S e n i o r Technical C o n s u l t a n t BCM Engineers I n c . 3660 H a r t s f i e l d Road Tal 1 a h a s s e e , F l . 32303

~ e : ~ E R C o n t r l c t NO. ~ ~ 4 5 Consent L e t t e r f o r S u b - l e t t i n g

Dear Mr. Bingham:

\ This i s t o inform you t h a t I have g iven you the c o n s e n t t o s u b - l e t Eenedict Engineer ing Company, I n c . t o perform broad spectrum development and t e s t i n g on p o t e n t i a l paper f i b e r p r o d u c t s . I n a d d i t i o n , Benedict E n g i n e e r i n g , may perform account ing and r e p o r t f u n c t i o n s t o BCM.

P l e a s e c a l l me a t 904-922-6104 f o r any q u e s t i o n s . You may c a l l Sheryl Pul len o f t h e D E R Bureau o f Finance and Accounting O f f i c e a t 904-488-0870, f o r s p e c i f i c q u e s t i o n s r e l a t e d t o i n v o i c e s . Thank you f o r your c o o p e r a t i o n .

1

S i n c e r e l y ,

,.,&& /4- S i l l y KahG P r o j e c t Manager S o l i d Waste S e c t i o n

c c : Gwenn Godrey Sheryl Pul l en F i l e +SW-45

BK/bk

March 20, 1991

MI-. F r a s i e r 0 . Bingham, P h . D . S e n i o r T e c h n i t a l C o n s u l t a n t BCM Engineers Inc. 3660 H a r t s f i e l d Road Tal 1 a h a s s e e , F1 . 32303

i

Re: DER C o n t r a c t No. Sb!45 Approval o f C o n t r a c t Term Extension t o 90 day;

Dear Mr. Bingham:

t o 90 amend

T h i s i s t o inform you t h a t your r e q u e s t for an e x t e n s i o n on c o n t r a c t $45 days has r e c e i v e d approval by o u r d i v i s i o n d i r e c t o r . You w i l l r e c e i v e a n

ed c o n t r a c t w i t h i n 2 weeks w i t h the new e f f e c t i v e d a t e s .

P l e a s e c a l l me a t 904-922-6104 f o r any q u e s t i o n s . Thank you f o r your c o o p e r a t i o n .

B i l l y a h n P r o j e c t Manager S o l i d Waste S e c t i o n

cc : f i l e = S W - 4 5

EK,'bk

R E T U R N THIS COPY

This n m e n d m o n t is c n t e r a d i n t o b e t w e e n " i~ DEP,W.TYZI;~- c r ENVIRONMENTAL R E G U L A T I O N (DD.) and BCM E ! I G I N E E X S , I N C , (CONTRACTOX) .

KITNZSSETK:

WHERFAS, t h a D E 2 and the CONTRACTOR e n t e r e d into DER C o n t r a c t *No. SWC5, entitled "Agreement t o P r o d u c o Fiood-Lika Material Through t h e Compact ion of Usod NQWSpaper F i l e s " , execu ted , June 2 7 , 1 9 9 0 ; a n d ,

hXEREAS, tho completion d a t u of t h e contract is M a y 3 1 , 1991; n n d ,

IV'HERELAS, t h e CON"RP.CTOR h a 5 e n c o u t e r e d u n f o r a s s o n c ? e l a y s in the p r o j e c t ; and,

kTEERD,S, the FJiNAGEHENT s e c t i o n of t h a contract provides :---\ for changeE by tha DER, i r i c l u d i n g t ime extensions; a n d ,

,a % ? G X Z A S , b o t h pnrtios are agreeable to an e x t e n s i o n i n

G k L I i ~ c o n t r a c t conplation date.

NOW, THEREFORE, t h e contract c c n p l e t i o n a n t e is hereby r e v i s e d from Kay 3 1 , 1931 to A z q u s t 31, 1991, nn e x t o n s i o n of 9 3 d n y s . T h e draft final r e p o r t shail be SILbEittQd RO lzter 'han July 1, 1991, and t h e conprehensivt f i n a l i u p O r Z s1hai.l he suhcittod no later Lhaa A u g u s t 15, 1991. A f i n a l :r?vrjica s h z , l l be s ~ b r u i t t e d to t h e D D . EO l e t e r +ban S c p t e n b e r 14, 1991, r~3

a s s u r e f u n d i n g is availeble f o r final p a p e n t ,

All o t h e r and conditions ~f T h i s c o n t r a c t s'nz:l rena i r : cnchaxgad.

ECY Engineers, Inc. contracted iiith the FlOridd Department of Environmental Regulation (FOER) :o develop o n e or more new construction and/or packaging materials from used paper fiber or a zixture of used paper fiber and other recycled materials. The ne's products would be introduced to Florida industry and their proauc:ion and use would be promoted.

--- BCM maintained overall adEinistration and control of the project and subcontracteo out mucn of the products testing proqrar.. Senedict Enqlneerlnq Company, Inc. conducted the buik of I a b c r a c o r y testing and Terra-Elock Worldwrde carried ou t all of :.?e build-nq block produczion procram. Fiberstone Quarries carried out the decorative construction materlals proqrzms.

Tne New Construction Mzterials - iiaste paper fiber w a s mixed with soil and coxpressed into b ding blocks suitacle for use ;n ccnsErucCing extezlor and :nterror loadbearing xalls. Waste paper fiber i j z s nixed w i t h a s e c z e t formula llquid mixture ln =ne srocucticn 0 : aeccrat;x.'e cc.~sc~uctlon items. Corrugated pzpercoard cas laminated and u s e d to produce a wall panel suitable for use rn ictericr ncn-ioadbearinq valls.

T h e ):e'; Packacing Eaterials - snall tubes made of reclained waste p a p e r fioer 'Jere CUE izto cne lnc?, lsnqths and used as a loose p a c i i n g za t e : i a? . 'Xzste corruqated paperboard was laxinated and

2 s a l.sose ~6ci:;ng naterlal.

4 '

-,.- _ _ _ so as to produce one inch cubes of m d t e r l a l suitable tor use

C ! t i t i IakD >uSTI;tt

K e w Uses for Waste P a p e r a n d R e c l a i m e d Waste F a p e r F ' iber - C o n s t r u c t i o n M a t e r i a l s ; P a c k i n g Ms tc r i a l s .

F r a s i e r 0: B i n g h a m I P h . D. I BCPl E n g i n e e r s I I n C .

V i c t o r C o r d i a n o , P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r , B e n e d i c t E n g i n e e r i n g Company

6 AUTHOR(S)

7. PEHFOHhllNG Of iGAfJIZATION N k M E ( 5 ) AND ADDRESS(ES)

BCM E n g i n e e r s , Inc. B e n e d i c t E n g i n e e r i n g Company 3 6 6 0 H a r t s f i e l d Road T a l l a h a s s e e , FL 3 2 3 0 3

9 . S ~ O N S O R I N G I M O N I T G K I N G AGEIdCY N A M E ( S ) A N D ADDr<LSS(ES)

? 1 . 5UPPLEMEl.ITkRY NOTES

? - , - I L ~ . DlSTRlE!UTICN I AVAILASlLiTY STATEMENT

ti I'E R f OHMING O R G k N l Z A T l O N REI'ORT NUMDER

10. SPONSOIIING / f 4Of i lTGRlNG AGENCY R€%+?+ NUN.OER

FDER No. S i 3 4 5

; 2 b . DISTRIBUTION CODE

Comprehensive Solutions

From recycling programs and material recovery facilities to landfills or resource recovery facilities, BCM has extensive experience in solid waste management projects. Our interdisciplinary staff offers a broad range of assignments from preliminary planning, site investigations, feasibility studies, environmental and health risk assessments, econoinic/financial analyses. design, construction management, start-up, and operations assistance.

A leader in the development of industrial, municipal and commercial recycling plans, BCM can determine the value of recyclables and the availability of markets as well as purchasers' specifications based on the total amount of waste generated and comprehensive analyses. BCM provides model recycling plans and can develop progruins to encourage participation.

S E R V I C E S

Solid waste management services include:

Recycling Program Development Resource Recovery Evaluations and Design Sludge Handling and Disposc-ii Studies Landfill Design and Closure Plans Transfer Station Design Industrial and Municipal Incinerator Design Risk Analysis Permitting Construction Services Independent Engineer Financial Analysis

P A R T N E R S H I P T H A T W O R K S

Our philosophy is simple to strive for the mos: effective engineering solutions b y including our clients in major project decisions and inno- vations BCM s list of satisfied clientele includes the following

Governmental Delaware County Planning Department PA Towamencin Township PA blercer County Municipal Improvement Authority NJ Aiabama Department of Environmental Management Lancaster County PA Dougherty County GA Bay County FL

Industrial McNeil Pharmaceutical \

Ortho Pharmaceutical Waste Management of North America BFI

‘We retained BCM services for the Doughiity County landfill pro,ec: cnd what looked Me a problem without o soluhon was handled 1~1th profess~onalism b y the BCM darf Our londhll has developed into a state of-the-art orolect ,with many visitors from arounu \he counrrk

Gil Barrett, Chairman Dougherty County Cornmission Georgia

-.. .-..,- -.. -... I_.-_ ~ , . .... .. . ,__,. ~ _.... _._. . -. . . . ” . . , - . . ,.

a worldwide revolution in construction

Patented

100°/o AUTOMATIC Approx. 500 Blocks per hour of raw earth, without additive, can go into a wall INSTANTANEOUSLY WITHOUT DRYING OR CURING AND WlTHOUT MORTAR.

The Terrablock@ System of earth-wall construction, commonly known as adobe, is probably the simplest and most cost effective way in the world to build homes, schools, stores, offices and warehouses. The Terrablock@ System virtually eliminates the labor intensive, time consuming drawbacks of traditional adobe construction, while maintaining all of adobe’s extraordinary properties and characteristics as a building material

The Terrablock@ Duplex Machine Hydra-Static I I 1

The key to the Terrablock@ System is the Terrablock@ Duplex Machine. This single piece of equipment transforms common soil into a building material of superb quality The machine itself is compact, portable, uncomplicated, reliable, automatic and energy efficient

The Terrablocks Duplex uses hydraulic pressure to produce stable and dimensionally uniform blocks that can often go directly into a wall without any curing or drying time Terrablockse can be grout-bonded, laid with a traditional mortar, or dry-stacked

The Terrablocks Duplex is self- contained, easily towed, loaded mth soil, and quickly put into operation on the construction site The Terrablock@ Duplex is simple to operate and maintain Apart from its diesel power plant. it has only three main moving components The entire production process is governed by a specially designed computer that controls sequeice logic down to the milli-second This commter is also self-diagnostic and monitcrs all functions

Starting and operating is a simple, one- man task As long as the hoDper remains loaded wth soil, the Terrablocks Duplex will autom; cally produce four to eight Terrablocks 5 per minute, creating enough material in one hour to construct a 100 cubic forJt 12 83 cm ) wall

I I I , ’ R a f e d lor severe Computer con fro//&, folly aufomatic operation - indusfridl use BO N.P. D i e s e l Engine

The hopper holds enough earth for ten minutes of continuous operation, and can be loaded by any method, from a crew with shovels to a front-end loading tractor. A heavy duty screen filters out foreign debris and I; ige rocks; vibrating devices insure a c! ) ,?istent flow of soil into block molds.

The 80 horsepower diesel engine is noted for its reliability, durability, and fuel efficiency. It can run continuously for an hour on approximately 4 liters of diesel fuel. It is equipped with a heavy duty heat exchanger to ensure reliable operation in extreme heat.

Terra blocks@: The End Product Soil with a natural moisture content of 4 to 14% is ideal for the Terrablock@ System and can be hydraulically compressed into stable building units by the Terrablock@ Duplex Machine, usually without additives. It IS estimated that most readily available soils fall within the acceptable range.

Terrablockss are easily lifted by specially aesigned tongs from the machine's conveyors directly into the wall; or, they can be stacked for future use. Since Terrablockss are dimensionally uniform and have a pertectly flat bedding surface, they can bp dry-stacked, a technique that does not require a skilled mason or rndar , provided the blocks are properly leveled and set on a suitable footing.

The Terrablocks System of earth-wall construction, commonly known as adobe, is probably the simple',i and most cost effective way in the world to build homes, schools, stores, offices and warehouses. The Terrablocks System virtually eliminates the labor intensive, time consuming drawbacks of traditional adobe construction, while maintaining all of adobe's extraordinary properties and Characteristics as a building material.

The Terrablock@ Duplex Machine i

Hydra-Static I I The key to the Terrablock@ System is the Terrablock@ Duplex Machine. This single piece of equipment transforms common soil into a building material of supeib quality. The machine itself is compact, portable. uncomplicated, reliable, automatic and energy efficient

The Terrablocka Duplex uses hydraulic pressure to produce stable and dimensionally uniform blocks that can often go directly into a wall without any curing or drying time Terrablocks3 can be grout-bonded, laid with a traditional mortar, or dry-stacked

The Terrablock9 Duplex is self- contained, easily towed, loaded with soil, and quickly put into operation on the construction site. The Terrablocks Duplex IS simple to operate and maintain Apart from its diesel power plant, it has only three main moving components The entire xoduction process is governed by a specially desigred computer that controls sewence logic down to the milli-second Thi; computer is also self-diagnostic and monitors all functions

Starting and operating is a simple, one- man 'ask As long as [he hooper remains loaded witn soil, the Terrablock 5' Duplex will automatically produce four to eight Terrablocks 3 der minute, creating enough material in one hour to construct 8o H P #

a 100 cubic foot (2 83 cm ] wall 'k industrial use fully automatrc

owrat ion

Once Terrablock@ walls have been built, a fast-drying chemical sealant is readily applied by brush, roller or sprayer. The walls are then ready for a finishing coat of plaster or other mortar, which can be finished in any texture or pattermdesired. Protected in this way, the block wall remains stable.

The Terrablock@ is probably the most cost-effective wall building block in the world. The raw material is universally abundant and not likely to escalate in price. The production of Terrablockso is also efficient. Running on bc!ween 12 and 16 liters of fuel, the Ter:.hlock@ Duplex can produce enough material to build the walls of a 12-foot square dwelling. \

12-inch Terrablock@ walls are: Non-Toxic

Sound Proof

Chemically Stable

Fireproof

High Thermal Insulation Value Equivalency

Extremely 9urable

A chemical sealant prepares a Terrablock ' wall

A finishing coal of plaster is

added last

i

Beaufiful. practical. durable: A frnished Terrablock ' structure

Terrabfocks": Common soil transformed Into a bulfdlng material of superb quality.

Features 0 Fully automatic operation controlled by Allen Bradley

0 Hydraulic system has a capacity of 150 U.S. gallons (568

Computer.

L.) of oil, continuously filtered to 10 microns by a permanent filter. $3

'; 0 Integrated hydraulic oil cooling system.

0 All hydraulic components are industrial grade.

0 Powered by 80 HP diesel engine with a heavy-duty

0 Permanent heavy duty grizzly screen on hopper filters

0 Automatic vibrating device keeps soil moving at a

0 Frame made of heavy wall tubing for extreme strength to

0 All welds are full periphery by metal inert gas process for

0 Tandem leveling axles.

Four standard automotive wheels with heavy duty four-

0 Large volume built-in accessory cempartment.

0 Furnished with metric, fractional and Allen wrenches.

0 Finished in industrial white enamel for maximum solar

0 Fully warranted free of defects in materials and

capacity radiator.

out rocks and foreign debris.

constant rate through throat of hopper.

weight ratio and rigidity.

superior strength and vibration resistance.

ply rated tires.

reflection.

workmanship when maintained per specifications for 1,000 hours of operation or six months. .:o Dimensions and Specifications

0 Machir: . size: 88.5" wide x 88" High (KD) x 16.5' long. Can ship in any std. 20' container or 2 per 40' container.

0 Weight: 13,000 pounds

0 Capacity: 6 to 10 blocks per minute, up to 600 blocks per

Size of Block: 3.5" x 12" x 10".

0 Weight of Block: Approximately 26 pounds.

0 Horsepower: 80 HP diesel engine

0 Control: Control sequence logic is by Allen Bradley

Working Pressure: Up to 4,000 PSI

0 Hydraulic Oil Medium: S.A.E. 1 OW non-detergent with anti-wear and foaming agents.

Battery: Two 12-volt automotive in series.

0 Hitch Type: Universal eye and pin

0 24 Volt electric generator.

hour.

"

Programmable Computer Controller.

0 Mfg. Spec.: Is to international hydraulic standards.

0 Hopper Capacity: 10 rninutes at approx. 500 blocks per hour. Hopper Loading Capacity: 2,000 pounds or approximately one cubic yard.

0 Filtration: Continuous hydraulic oil filtration to 10 micron.

0 Warranty: 1,000 hours of operation or six months, whichever comes first when used in exact accordance to manufacturers recommendations.

0 Operation: Fully automatic or manual with manual safety circuit.

0 Slide Oiling Method: Oil tank gravity drip type.

0 Axle and Tires: (2) 3,700 pound rated axles with levelizers and H.D. 4-ply 15" tires.

0 Towing Requirements: Factory recommends max. towing speed to be 16 MPH for short distance. Long Distance - machine must be transported. Towing vehicle can tx as small as a heavy-duty 3/4-ton pick-up w/heavy-duty rear bumper.

0 Accessories: Tool storage compartment with hinge locks. Spray mist mold lubrication and block release. Two conveyors 8' long. Two conveyor tri-pods. Four adobe block carrying tongs. Three leveling jacks rated 7,000 Ibs. each. One set of assorted wrenches. Locking battery box cover. Rear and side reflectors. Hydraulic oil gauge and thermometer. Diesel engine fuel 10 micron pre-filter for water and

particles, complete with drain petcock.

0 Machine Set-Up Time: 30 minutes or less.

0 Hydra!ilic Oil Change: None required when filter is

24 Volt Operating Circuit for Quick Starts.

0 Easy to Use Manual Controls

changed per manufacturer's recommendation.

3

__ ..~. . .. .....

I I

FIG. 1

88" I

I- FIG. 2

88.5"

i All Foreign Patents Applied For

Design: The basis of the yoduct.

The design of products. equipment. machines and other sys t em is the first step in a highli\i technical and specialized field. Our engineering sta f ' is qualified to evalt and anallrzc desiyi for form, fi t , function and system safety for products such as ladders, seat be toys, firearms, ramps, cranes, b i c y c I es , conveyors . ass em b 1 y equipment and many others.

We continually perfect and

ate

C ^

lb,

patent designs of products for our own line as well as [hose ot'clients. The Benedict prodLicts include a fu l l line of closet organizer \, shower hcads, cicntal care items, m ai 1 box accessories. s w imm ing pool maintenance produc~ b. con- \revor system? xnd nutornobile accessor i e \ .

Development: Ideas become a r ea1 i t y.

The Benedict staff aggressiveli\ develops its own designs and those ot' others. We have successfully developed numerous products, ma- chinery and ecluipnient for the consumer market, industrial use and the military. Your product ideas will receive the same attention, from design concept to finished product. They will be thoroughly analyzed, tcchnically des iped and t c s I L' d and p 1-0 fe s s ion a 1 1 y produced .

Accident reconstruction: Analyzing the cause and effect.

Analyzing and reconstructing vehicular anti industrial accidents, ;is well as product failures and defects, requires a technical and a n a 1 y t i c a 1 appro ;I c h with c 1 o se attention to detail to determine the facts.

Our experience quqlifies us to provide forensic services in these areas ;is well as for marine. fire, 1 i gh t n i ng , property damage, s 1 i p- and-fall accidents and other areas. . We have dedicated ourselves to thoroughly understanding the liti- L cation process and possess the

expertise to create simple, yet concise presentations lo the j u r y and court. Our graphic presentations are eahily understood by lay people. Formats ii~clude display

Cliui.lcs E. Bciicdict, PI1.D.. P.E . Pres idci I t

boards in black and white or in c o 1 o I' w i t h o v e I- I ;i y s , 1, i dc os, s 1 i de s , p ti o t o g a p h s , 3 - D mod e I s , sc a 1 e d o,i)erating models and many other media. At Bencdict Engineering we use the very latest in computer aided design (CAD) technology to assist us in reconstruction analysis and d i s p 1 a y pre p ara t i o n .

Staff: Quality you can rely on.

Dr. Clixlss Benedict is a re- spected member of the engineering profession. He has received numerous awards. including the Award for Outstanding Technical Achieve- ment from the Florida Engineering Society and the General Lewis Bereton Award for Significant Contributions to the United States Aerospace Industry. He has been involved in engineering design ;\rid development of products and machine systems, as well as accident reconstruction and product failure analysis since 197 1 .

B e ne d i c t En g i nee r ing , t h ro u 2 h Dr. Benedict and the c o m p a n ; . ' ~ other pro fess i on a I en g i nee rs , L' f f ec - tively assists clients with their needs.

BENEDICT ENGINEERING COMPANY, LNC. Post Office Box 3229 / Tallahassee. Florida 323 IS / (904) 68 1-6368

A Message from the President:

The name Benedict dngineering is synonymous with design and development of consumer products, equipment, machine systems and forersic engineering. This combined expertise uniqceiy qualifies us to analyze and evaluate many products and to reconstruct accidents. Years of experience have given us an authoritative voice in the fields o,f vehicular accident reconstruction and prcduct failure analysis. Our experience has made us acutely aware of the demands on mangfacturers to consider system and product safety and the effect o f systen! fa'lure on t h e user.

The associates and support staff at Benedict Engineering Company are dedicated to helping o u r clients solve these types of problems. If you have a concern, please call. We are ready to give you assistance arid answer y o u r questlons.

Fiberstone Quarries, Inc. -. Molding The Future

QuinStonem is a product which makes a strong visual impact. It exudes feelings of quality, strength, and permanence. It has been successfully used by many leading retail establishments, enhancing their ambiance and visual merchandising efforts. Our satisfied customers include such companies as Lord and Taylor, Dayton Department Stores, Cache’, John Bull, and Belk Department Stores.

Our products are available in four surface textures and six standard colors. QuinStonea moldings and wall veneer panels can easily be custom colored to meet your specific design requirements. Stone products are lightweight, and are handled and installed much in the same manner as wood. QuinStone@J products have a zero flame spread and a smoke rating of 5. QuinStoneB is available in a wide variety of standard sizes and profiles. Standard components are offered to meet your needs for detailing and enhancing your most distinguished spaces.

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss our products with you in more detail and to establishing a working relationship. Should you have any questions, give us a call at 1- (800) -621-0565.

P.O. Box 1026 11 12 W. King Street, Quincy, FL 32351 9041627-1 083 FAX 904/627-2640

QuinStone@ : Pricing

QuinStone@ wall veneer panels, base and crown molding and decorative accessories will communicate your concern for excellence and at the same time save you money. Products are core colored at our factory eliminating the need for expensive painting or coloring work on site. In addition QuinStoneO products are lightweight and are hmdled by finish carpenters using ordinary tools avoiding costly labor and installation charges.

QuinStoneO is available in a wide variety of standard sizes and profiles. Standard components are offered to meet your needs for detailing and enhancing your most distinguished spaces. In addition, a full range of custom products to meet your most exacting design requirements are available on request.

Standard Colors: Standard Textures: QuinStone@ products are offered in 6 standard QuinStoneO products are offered in 4 standard colors at no additional cost to the customer. stone textures.

OOOW Alabaster 200NT 0 0 4 A Apricot 200BD OlOG Dove Gray 200c OOlB Mediterranean Rouge 2 OOL 1 0 1 CT Parchment 006R Rose Quartz

For an additionxl charge FiberStone Quarries, Inc. will gladly match y o u r color sample with 3 custom QuinStoneO color.

Natural Travertine Brazilian Dolomite Coral Limestone

Prices: All-prices are F.O.B. from our plant in Quincy, Florida. N o State of Florida sales taxes are included in our price schedule. All taxes are the responsibility of the contractor. Prices are subject to change without notice.

Terms: Unless prior arrangements are made orders less than S j O O . 0 0 must submit payment in full at time of purchase. Orders in excess of $ j O O . 0 0 must submit a 50 percent deposit along with order. Balance is due prior to shipment. Credit terms :ire available for the balance with satisfactory references and a completed credit application.

Shipping: U.P.S. or best common carrier. Boxing :ind handling charge 1 j percent of total order.

Returns: Catalog and custom items :ire made to order and are not returnable. Care should be taken at time of order to insure the accuracy of size and dinlensions of pieces that are ordered.

WALL VENEER SYSTEMS - MOLDING INSTRUCTIONS

QuinStone@ is a gypsum cement reinforced with natural fibers, and which is sealed with a factory applied clear sealer.

UTILIZATION QuinStone@ panels and moldings are designed to be used on any level, dunble, dry interior drywall or plywood sheathing surface. QuinStone@ panels and moldings are not suitable for floors or exterior application.

STORAGE QuinStone@ veneer panels and moldings should be stored on a level dry surface. Storage area should be protected from weather and damage. hloldings and panels should not be leaned since warpage can occur.

LAYOUT AND DETAILING ‘ ’ QuinStone@ panels and trim pieces are

available in a wide variety of standard sizes which facilitate detailing of most spaces. Atten- tion to layout will facilitate cutting and installation. The best visual presentation will also be obtained through- consideration of product placement.

In laying out the space, attention must be given to outside corners. Mismatches should be con- fined to inside corners where they will he obscure. The pattern should run from the center of the wall toward tlie corners or from corner to corner. Never run the cornice or veneer tiles from two corners toward the middle of a urall.

HANDLING When your shipment of QuinStone” products arrives. you should csaniine tlie boxknte close- ly for damage. I f the container is damaged open to inspect the contents before signing for [he goods. Describe damage on drivers receipt and cnll FiberStone Quarries, Inc

QuinStoneY products ;ire designed to a i th s - rand normal impact. However. care should he taken to handle r h a e products as you would any finished product. Care should be taken to protect veneer surhces, product edges and corners.

MATERIALS Composition: QuinStone9 is ni:inufactured with integral pigmented iicutral calcium sulf:ite

based crnients and a natural fiber for increased tensile strength. QuinStone@ products are finished with a clear sealer.

Grout: QuinStone@ matching grout is provided with all orders. Matching grout is appropriate for use in finishing joints and screw or nail holes. I t is gener:illv recommended that veneer panels or moldings be butt seamed as would natural stone rather than trying to obscure the joints. There is no need to apply joint com- pound between adjoining pieces of molding or tiles.

Sealer: Al l QuinStone@ products are sealed with Aquathane (System) UA-210. This is a low luster or semi-gloss aqueous dispersed polyurethane coating. Sealer can be obtained from FiberStone Quarries, Inc. for touch up work or for resealing after heavy cleaning. Panels are also available unsealed upon request.

SURFACE PREPARATION Moldings and veneer wall tiles which mount flush on the wall require no special prrparation. Surfaces for mounting should be clean and free from dirt, oils, loose paints, dust and other con- taminants. Care should be taken to insure that the bonding side of the QuinStone” panels are also free from dirt, dust or any other materials.

DRILLING AND CUTTING QuinStone” moldings and veneers come in standard sizes and may require field cutting and mitering on site. Since [here is no grain to QuinStoneB products. they can he field cut vertically or horizontally (unless p:uiels have b K C n crafted t o hold a specific dimension.)

QuinStone” products cnn I)c modified using :I table w v , cut-off mv . s a lw s:nv, circular sa^,

router o r high speed drill. Carbide tipped hl:drs rvork tvcll. \ k t cutting i> not to be attcmptcd. Airy required clrilling or cutting diould be done with n fine toothed c.:irl)idc rippcd tool i n ;IC-

cordancc \vItI1 i I l c l i i . [ i ! accepted stand;ird>.

C:ire shoiild 1 ) ~ r d i c n t o xcu re QuiiiStone‘ products when drilling o r cutting to niininlizc chipping. Rough cdges o r chips c:in he

smoothed with a sanding block or mini-sander with a ,4200 grit disk.

Cutting dust is harmless, but can be irritating. Dust mask and gloves should be worn. If p:inels or moldings are hand scored with a lamimte cutter or hook knife instead of cutting with a saw, dust is greatly reduced.

SECURING PRODUCT QuinStone@ products can either be installed with a liquid adhesive product or wi[h a traditional method using screws or nails. Angled molding may require installation with screws or nails, with the size of the molding and type of projection determine which installation method is preferable.

When adhering products with a rubber based adhesive or mastic, i t should be applied in accordance with the specific instructions of that particular product. Generally this involves setting :I bead of liquid adhesive along the top and bottom of the hack of the molding or tiles. Mounting the pieces on the wall and then renioving i t to set for j or 10 minutes and then resett ing the wall. When installing QuinStone@ products finishing nails can be used both to temporarily layout tlie wall pattern :md to support the pieces until the adhesive sets.

W’hen the installation method involves the use of scrervs or nails, holcs should be drilled n i th :I carbide bit. Holes should he countersunk about lis” below thr surface for filling after installation. Holes should be drilled a minimum of j i 8 ” from the edges. Parrs should be fastened a maximum of 18 inches on center.

MAINTENANCE QuinStone3 panels n.hic11 ha1.e been senied require little upkerp other than cleaning a i t h n non-abr:isive c1e:mer such as a mild so:ip 2nd watc‘r solution. :ind rinsing with a sponge. Es- ccssive d i r t , pencil nnd rubhcr in irks . etc.. can bc rrmovcd with a multi-purpo5e spray cleancr. and \viping \vcll w i t h a damp sponge o r cloth. No po\\cIer cleaner 4iould he used. P:inrls o r nioldi m:ty rrqu I re rese:ll I ng :i fter clcm 1 ng.

QuinStone@ is offered in a variety of products, surface textures and colors. Standard products include wall panels, base and crown moldings and a variety of decorative elements. Custom items are the specialty of Fiberstone Quarries, Inc. with potentially available molded stone products being limited only by the imagination.

Wall Panels Standard veneer panels in the textures of Coral, Travertine, Dolomite and Limestone are available in 16” squares, 24” squares, or 24” x 48” rectangular cuts. All panels are 3/8” thick, weigh approximately 2 lbs. per square foot and are easily applied with adhesive to almost any type of wall substrate. Of continuous color pigmentation throughout, they can be easily field cut with traditional carpentry tools.

16” 24” 48”

Standard Size Panels (Scale: 1” = 16” of product)

Moldings Beautifully crafted base and crown moldings are available in a wide variety of standard design profiles. The design staff of Fiberstone Quarries, Inc. is ready to assist you in fabricating custom moldings and trim pieces to fit your most exacting requirements. The fidelity of the molding process allows the production of mo-ldings with noteworthy strength and quality while retaining crisp detail.

Decorative Elements Molding custom items to the specifications of its customers is the specialty of Fiberstone Quarries, Inc. Such products are made to be integrated into standard wall veneer and molding systems or to stand alone. Specialty items are available in any of the QuinStonea standard colors or in custom colors, including such products as bas reliefs, sconces, objects de art and logos in stone.

Fiberstone Quarries, Inc. molds dreams into QuinStone@ .

QuinStone@ is a molded stone system composed of natural minerals and fibers formed into such products as wall panels, crown moldings, base moldings and a variety of decorative elements. All products have the texture of natural stone surfaces, with clear definition of detail, yet weigh much less and are much more easily installed. QuinStone@ wall panels in Limestone, for example, are one-fifth as thick as quarried stone (3/8 inch versus 2 inches) and weigh less than one-tenth as much (2.2 lbs. per sq. ft. versus 25 lbs. per sq. ft.). The effect of QuinStone@ applications is to enrich vertical interior space. It projects the feelings of quality, strength and permanence of stone.

Features SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY:

QuinStoneO molded wall veneer and trim systems are easily modified to custom applications. In addition, custom panels, moldings and colora- tions are available on request. Standard panels ;ire only 3/8 inch thick and moun- table on a vareity of new or existing wall surfaces.

b

INCOMBUSTIBILITY:

QuinStoneO is non-combustible. I t is manufactured from natural fiber- reinforced mineral material. QuinStoneO has a Class I flame spread rating of “0” and a smoke rating of “ 5 ” (A .S .T . h l . - E 8 4 ) , exceeding the requirements ofthe most stringent codes.

SURFACE TEXTURE:

QuinStoneO standard surface textures of Coral, Travertine, Dolomite and Limestone set forth a stone-like surface in natural detail. The material composition and molding process allow the re- creation of surface variations and colora- tions found in natural stones.

INTEGRATED COLOR:

QuinStoneO products are of integrated pigmentation throughout. This continuous coloration together with the surface textures provides an inherent ability of the product to conceal minor bleniishes and promote ease of maintenance.

INSTALLATION EASE:

QuinStoneO molded wall veneer and trim systems are pre-engineered to be compatible with typical installation needs. Products can be field-modified using traditional carpentry tools. In most cases, products can be installed with the use of any rubber based commercial panel adhesive.

MAINTENANCE EASE:

QuinStoneO comes with a clear water- base sealer factory applied to all surfaces and can be easily cleaned with nonabrasive cleanser and water. In addition, matching filler grout is available for filling holes or indentation resulting from vandalism or other extreme abuse.

Physical Specifications/Material Description QuinStoneB ’s natural fiber-reinforced mineral formulation has the following characteristics:

11 Flame Sprend Rating (A.S.T.M. E84) 0 II

70.9

S m o k e Rating (Class I)

D e n s i t y (lbs/ft’)

11 Weight ( lbdft ’ ) 2.22 I1 Flexural Strength - Parallel

F lexural Strength - Perpendicular

67.7 Ibs.

67.9 lbs.

[I Ult imate Flexural Strength 640 psi 11 ll 1 !tfodulus of Elast ic i ty 67,300 psi

Impact T e s t (ASTIM C 5 8 1 ) N o cracking or disbonding occurred at or beyond

impact break.

PRICING SCHEDULE QuinStone” MOLDINGS A N D VENEER PANELS

PRODUCT# MAXIMUM DEPTH/ HEIGHT COST PER LINEAR FT. PROTECTION

122 125 1 j 0 2 2 5 230 2 4 0 250 260 266 357 444 445 446 5 1 1 623 625 630 745 89 1 892 900 908

4 114“ 518” 2 114” 6” 5” 3” 4” 3”

314” 8 314” 2” 2” 8” 1 ” 8 112” , 15” 6 318” 314” 1 1/4” 2 118” 17 112” 4”

9” 3 114” 3 112’

9” 6’ 4” 3” 3”

3 314” 10”

6 114” 6”

1 112” 5 112”

5” 18”

8 114” 3 314” 5 112”

1” 7”

3 314’’

$20.00 s 6.75 $ 8.75 $22.50 $16.50 S 10.50 $10.50 SB 9.00

8 2 2 . 50 $12.50 $ 1 2 . 5 0 $18.50 8 11.00 $16.50 $42.75 $18.50 Ig 8.00 $11.00 $ 6.75 836.75 613.00

$ 6.75

FLAT WALL VENEER PANELS: AVAILABLE TEXTURE: 12” x 12” N a t u r a l T r a v e r t i n e 200NT 16” x 16” B r a z i l i a n D o l o m i t e 2 0 0 B D 24” x 24” Cor:il 2 o o c 24” x 48” L i m e s t o n e 200L

P r i c e P e r S q u a r e F o o t : 39.00 S t a n d a r d C o l o r Sr P r o t e c t i v e S e a l i n g is I n c l u d e d

SPECIALTY ITEMS AND DECORATIVE ACCESSORIES

goo 1 go02 #io03 $004 #00 j go06 #O 50 $051 #I00 $101 $444

FEMALE H E A D ( 2 9 1/2” x 21”) MALE H E A D (29 1 / 2 ” x 2 1 ” ) F L U T E D S C O N C E ( 1 2 ” x 5”) A C A N T H U S S C O N C E (7 l i 4 ” x 5 112”) X I P H A C T I N U S FOSSIL N 0 U V EA U W A L L 1’ LA Q U E H O R S E PANEL (32” x 42”) E G R E T PANEL (32” s 42”) FLAT C O L U M N (92” x 9”) B R O K E N P E D I M E N T ( 2 2 ” x 85”) C O K N E R PIECE

S 150.00 S 1jO.00 S 35.00 S 35.00 5 15.00 5 15.00 s275.00 5275.00 9 175.00 $ 3 50.00 5 60 00

SPECIAL SERVICES

CUSTOM SIZE PANELS, MOLDINGS & TRIAI PIECES-MITERED EDGES-SPECIALTY COLOR-UNIQUE SURFACE TEXTURES

PRICES F . O . B . Q U I N C Y , FL-FIFTEEN P E R C E N T B O X I N G A N D H A N D L I N G C H A R G E SPECIAL SERVICES AVAILABLE AT A D D I T I O N A L C O S T

florida department of - p2 infohouse · 2018-06-13 · i ~~ florida department of environmental...

Documents