flood disasters part 7. learning from global disaster laboratories
TRANSCRIPT
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LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES
PART 7: FLOODS
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FLOODING
• Flooding occurs somewhere in the world approximately 10,000 times every day as the consequences of a locale having more water than the local water cycle can process within its physical limits.
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FLOODS
• Floods occur as the result of: extreme levels of , precipitation in thunderstorms, tropical storms, typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones; in storm surges, and in tsunami wave run up.
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FLOODING ALSO TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES THAT CAN
ALSO CAUSE A DISASTER (see part 9)
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LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
FLOOD DISASTER LABORATORIES
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“FLOOD LABORATORY”:SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH; 1983
• Unusual flood waters from the annual Spring runoff were diverted down Main Street
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MIDWEST USA FLOOD LABORATORY: JUNE-AUGUST 1993
• THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN COVERS 1.25 MILLION SQUARE MILES
• IT COLLECTS WATER FROM 40 PERCENT OF THE UNITED STATES
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS: GREAT FLOOD OF 1993
The Great Flood of 1993 was the most costly and devas-tating flood in modern history in the United States.
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CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA FLOOD LABORATORY: JUNE 13, 2008
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INUNDATION
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INUNDATION: ST LOUIS, MO; JUNE 20, 2008
.
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• Inundated towns, cities, homes, schools, businesses, and farms,
• lost crops and long-term loss of productivity of farm land,
• loss of function of roads and bridges
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS (continued)
• loss of function of bridges and utility systems
• Thirty-eight thousand evacuees• Regional business interruption• loss of tourism
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS (continued)
• long-term clean-up (removal of debris, sewage, garbage, and 10-million sandbags)
• Drying out of houses and businesses and their contents,
• Rebuilding of houses and levees.
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS (continued)
• Disposal of damaged home systems (e.g., refrigerators),
• Restoration of water quality in wells and municipal water systems
• Restoration of functions of schools and universities.
•
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS (continued)
• Restoration of millions of acres of prime farm land.
• Rebuilding of cities such as Cedar Rapids, Iowa (estimates reach at least $1 billion).
• •
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• Restoration of millions of acres of prime farm land.• Rebuilding of cities such as Cedar Rapids, Iowa (estimates reach at least $1 billion).
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
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• After weeks of flooding in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Wisconsin, the region faced billions of dollars in losses and a long recovery period.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
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FLOOD LABORATORY IN CHINA
Guangdong, Sichuan,Ghizhou, and Fujian Provinces impacted
May 27 - June 15, 2008
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“FLOOD LABORATORY” IN CHINA
Guangdong, Sichuan, Ghizhou, and Fujian Provinces impacted
JUNE 15, 2008
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FLOODING IN SOUTHERN CHINA
Runoff after several weeks of rain pushed the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers over their banks in southern China, displacing more than one million people.
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FLOODING: GUIZHOU PROVINCE; 27 MAY
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FUJIAN RIVER: JUNE 6
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FLOODING: GUANGDONG PROVINCEJUNE 15
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
The impacts: 57 dead, tens of thousands of collapsed homes, damaged crops across more than 2.12 million acres, and $1.5 billion or more in economic losses.
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NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND MINNESOTA
FLOOD LABORATORY
MARCH - APRIL 2009
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“FLOOD LABORATORY:” MIDWEST USA
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REASONS FOR FLOODING:
The flooding was triggered by: 1) A long, snowy and icy winter, followed by 2) An earlier than normal, rapid Spring melt and runoff.
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ICY RED RIVER BEGINS TO MELT
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MAKING 1 MILLION SAND BAGS:
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REMEMBERING RECORD FLOODS IN NORTHWEST ENGLAND
(WITH SEVERE FLOOD WARNINGS IN SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND)
19-21 NOVEMBER 2009
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LOCATION OF CUMBRIA, ENGLAND
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AERIAL VIEW OF COLLAPSED BRIDGE: CUMBRIA AREA
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COLLAPSED BRIDGE: CUMBRIA AREA
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FLOODING: CUMBRIA AREA
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FLOODING: CUMBRIA AREA
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FLOODING: COCKERMOUTH
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FLOODING: CUMBRIA AREA
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FLOODING: CUMBRIA AREA
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FLOODING: CUMBRIA AREA
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RESCUE: CUMBRIA AREA
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RESCUE: CUMBRIA AREA
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RESCUE: CUMBRIA AREA
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LESSON: THE KNOWLEDGE AND TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL
• The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., inundation from extreme precipitation, storm surge, tsunami wave run up), 2) where and when impacts will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare for them will survive.
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LESSON: TIMELY, REALISTIC DISASTER SCENARIOS SAVE LIVES
• The people who have timely, realistic, advance information that facilitates reduction of vulnerabilities, and hence the risks associated with floods will survive.
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LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES
• The timing of emergency response operations, especially the search and rescue operations that are limited to “the golden 48 hours,” will increase the likelihood of survival.
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LESSON: PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES
• The local community’s capacity for emergency health care (i,e., coping with damaged hospitals and medical facilities, lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine to treat water borne diseases, and high levels of morbidity and mortality) is vital for survival.
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LESSON: ENGINEERED INFRASTRUCTURE SAVE LIVES
• Infrastructure engineered to withstand the risks from floods (e.g., damage, failure, and loss of function), is vital for survival.
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WE CONTINUE TO OPERATE WITH A FLAWED PREMISE:
KNOWLEDGE FROM FLOOD DISASTERS, WHICH OCCUR EVERY
DAY SOMEWHERE IN THE WORLD IN ASSOCIATION WITH RAIN, SEVERE
WINDSTORMS, AND TSUNAMIS, IS ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION
ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES TO FACILITATE DISASTER RESILIENCE
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FACT: GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE FLOOD PLAIN OF RIVERS AND
ALONG COASTAL AREAS IS EXTENSIVE; THE ASSOCIATED
POLITICAL CONTROVERSY CAUSES MOST NATIONS TO BE SLOW TO
ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
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YOUR COMMUNITY
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• MONITORING• SCENARIO MAPS• INVENTORY• VULNERABILITY• LOCATION
RISKACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• /EARLY WARNING• EM RESPONSE• RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
FLOODI DISASTER RESILIENCE
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PILLARS OF FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
Anticipatory PreparednessAdoption and Implementation of urban plans
Realistic Flood Disaster ScenariosTimely Emergency Response (including
Emergency Medical Services)Cost-Effective Reconstruction & Recovery
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THE CHALLENGE:
POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
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AN UNDER-UTILIZED GLOBAL STRATEGY TO CREATE TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE POLICY CHANGES
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MOVING TOWARDS THE MUST-HAPPEN GLOBAL STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS IN EVERY NATION FOR REALISTIC POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, DISASTER SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND RECOVERY