five decades of aces: service to members

aces’s fiftieth anniversary

Five Decades of ACES: A

3ervice to Members VERNON LEE SHEELEY

This article presents a glimpse at some influential professionals who assisted in the creation of what stands for ACES during the past 50 years ( 1 94 0- 1990).

Through quality preparation, the accreditation process, and professional development activities members of the Association for Counselor Educa- tion and Supervision (ACES or Association) strive to improve the education, supervision, and credentialing of counselors who work in public and private sectors. These objectives of counselor educators and supervisors represent a continuous transformation into greater responsibility since the 1940s when the Association’s major goal was to promote guidance services in the local high schools of the states. Counselor preparation was completely revolutionized in the 60s, 70s, and 80s in ways few people dreamed of in the 40s. As life becomes more compli- cated, the work of counselors becomes more important.

The transformation of ACES will continue, and the 1990s will be different from the past and present as members (individually and col- lectively) accept opportunities to alter the Association to their own liking toward higher professionalism-driving forces in a remarkably wide range of counseling interests and endeavors with members serving members (Elmore, 1985).

The purpose of this article is to present a reflection of ACES in progress for the past five decades, 1940-1990. My intent is to track the movement in a positive way by identifying influential members, that is, national presidents, the Association’s newsletter editors, and the ACES journal editors who were assisted by editorial board members. Excluded are many active members in the Association, such as chairpersons and members of standing and special committees and interest networks,

Vernon Lee Sheeley W a professor of counselor education in the Department of Educational Leadership, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green.

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regional leaders, and others who never seek or accept leadership posi- tions and limit their activities to other important roles in their work settings. They are to be greatly valued, too.

ACES OVERVIEW ACES reached its golden anniversary in May 1990. For 50 years, the Association’s members have invested themselves in helping counselors become all they can become. The formation of the Association occurred in 1940 under a different title, National Association of Guidance Super- visors (NAGS), a small, very informal, and humble group of state supervisors of guidance and counseling services.

At the close of the last national convention of the Council of Guidance and Personnel Associations (CGPA), 12 years later, when that organization phased out of existence at Los Angeles, ACES was chartered Division Two of the new American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA), which replaced CGPA. At that time, ACES was known as NAGSCT, after “Counselor Trainers” became allies in the shared quest with supervisors and were added to the membership rolls of NAGS to help meet the 1 OO-member requirement for divisional status in APGA, which was renamed the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) in 1983. Functioning since 1934, CGPA coordinated national conventions for associations that related their professional activities to guidance. CGPA met annually except during 1942 to 1946 (Sheeley, 1968). Listed on the program of the National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) in 1948 at Chicago, NAGS’S members decided to affiliate with CGPA. They set goals much higher than the obstacles that stood in their way. The Association, with less than 40 members, was accepted by CGPA, and they joined with other affiliate groups of CGPA in national conventions at Chicago (April 1949 and March 1951), Atlantic City (March 1950) and Los Angeles (March/April 1952), influencing groups many times their own size.

Because some of the leaders and members of NAGS were also members of the American Vocational Association (AVA), they met with that group annually. For example, their names appear on vocational guidance section programs of AVA (usually held during late November or early December) at Boston (1941), Toledo (1942), Chicago (1943), Philadel- phia (1944), Buffalo and St. Louis (1946), Los Angeles (1947), Milwaukee (1948), Atlantic City (1949), Miami (1950), and Minneapolis (1951). AVA didn’t hold a convention in 1945. The two national meetings conducted during 1946 were held in February and December.

NAGSCT was changed to ACES in 1961, another renewal. The membership base was expanded to include county guidance and local school district supervisors of at least 10 full-time, or this equivalent in part-time, qualified school counselors with state guidance supervisors and counselor trainers (renamed counselor educators). The number of school coun-

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selors supervised was deleted from revised bylaws of ACES early in the 1970s. For the past 37 years, the Association has met annually during AACD national conventions.

NAGS was founded five decades ago as the United States unlocked itself from a massive economic depression. Early members experienced World War I1 (1941-1945) and the postwar years. Politics played an important role in the formation of NAGS. Influential members of AVA and NVGA served as consultants to U.S. Commissioner of Education John W. Studebaker. They were highly instrumental in Studebaker’s decision to organize the Occupational Information and Guidance Service (OIGS) of the Vocational Division, U.S. Office of Education (OE). Com- missioner since 1934, Studebaker authorized the use of federal teacher- training funds available on a dollar-for-dollar basis to states under the Smith-Hughes (1917) and George-Deen (1936) Acts for partial maintenance of OIGS programs at the state level, including salaries of state supervisors and other expenses.

In Cleveland, Ohio, on February 25, 1939, during the annual CGPA national convention, Studebaker explained the OIGS plan at an NVGA program. He asked for cooperative assistance from professional organization members in such phases of guidance as vocational guidance, personal guidance, educational guidance, and placement. He concluded his presentation by commenting that OE was assisting “promotion of the comprehensive development of guidance throughout the whole country” (Studebaker, 1939, p. 18). Harry W. Jager was named the first and only chief of OIGS during its 14-year existence (1938-1952), and the promotion of guidance services, individual counseling, and counselor training were among his major leadership thrusts. Jager suggested that the supervisors organize professionally to promote guidance services in the nation’s schools (Studebaker, 1939).

The George-Deen Act was modified and replaced when the U.S. Congress approved and President Harry S. Truman signed the sup- plementary federal Vocational Education Act of 1946, known as the George-Barden Act. Commissioner Studebaker ruled that federal funding for fiscal 1947-1948 might be used for maintenance of state programs of guidance, reimbursement of salaries of college and university faculty who trained vocational counselors, and salaries and traveling expenses for county guidance supervisors and school counselors at the local level. But funding was limited (Brogher, 1949).

With passage of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958, the federal government matched state funding for Title V-A, which supported states with grants to improve local guidance and counseling programs, and V-B, which funded the education of certified school personnel in counseling and guidance institutes. Several hundred counselor preparation programs sprang up across the country in colleges and universities (Hollis & Wantz, 197 1). Thousands of counselor education

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graduates returned to their work settings in the schools during the 60s, but hundreds left for private sectors.

PRESIDENTIAL LEADERS Among hundreds of zealous volunteer professionals who contributed to create the 50-year record of ACES from 1940-1990 were 44 presidential leaders. They were full partners in the Association’s endless journey of progress (Inbody, 1984). The following list associates their names with dates in office (Sheeley, 1977).

1940-1942 1942-1943 1943- 1944 1944-1946 1946-1948 1948-1950 1950- 1952 1952- 1953 1953- 1955 1955-1956 1956- 1957 1957- 1958 1958-1959 1959- 1960 1960- 196 1 1961- 1962 1962-1963 1963- 1964 1964- 1965 1965- 1966 1966-1967 1967- 1968

R. Floyd Cromwell Dana M. Cotton George E. Hutcherson Carl M. Horn Dolph Camp Glenn E. Smith George E. Mowrer Donald E. Kitch Roland G. Ross Emery G. Kennedy Bruce E. Shear Charles G. Morehead H. Edgar Williams Herman J. Peters Donald D. Twiford Willis E. Dugan Hubert W. Houghton Lyle L. Miller Dean L. Hummel Robert 0. Stripling Carry R. Walz Paul F. Munger

1968-1969 1969-1970 1970-1971 197 1- 1972 1972-1973 1973- 1974 1974-1975 1975- 1976 1976- 1977 1977- 1978 1978- 1979 1979-1980 1980-1981 198 1- 1982 1982- 1983 1983-1984 1984-1985 1985-1986 1986- 1987 1987- 1988 1988-1989 1989- 1990

Gilbert D. Moore Anthony C. Riccio Bruce Shertzer William L. Cash, Jr. George M. Gazda Roger F. Aubrey Edwin L. Herr Neil C. Gunter Thomas J. Sweeney Chris D. Kehas Robert (Pete) Havens James J . Muro Louise R. Thompson William J. Erpenbach Thomas M. Elmore Robert J. Nejedlo James K. Winfrey Vernon Lee Sheeley Nancy A. Scott Joseph C. Rotter Marianne H. Mitchell Thomas W. Hosie

Among this group when elected were 15 state guidance supervisors. The first nine presidents were state supervisors, as were Shear, Williams, Twiford, and Houghton, the 1 lth, 13th, 15th, and 17th presidents. The other two state supervisors who served ACES in presidential roles were Neil Gunter (1975-1976) and William Erpenbach (1981-1982). During 1952- 196 1, under the NAGSCT acronym, Kennedy, Morehead, and Peters were counselor trainers. Under the ACES banner, 22 counselor educators served presidential leadership roles. Among this group were three former state supervisors: Hummel, Shertzer, and Herr. There was also a city director of guidance and health education (Aubrey), a college of education dean (Muro), a former school counselor and city director of guidance and health education who was acting superintendent of schools for curriculum and instruction (Thompson), and a vice president for student affairs and professor of counseling psychology (Scott). Among the presidents were three women who served their terms during the 1980s. Also during the 50 years, men and women served 28 and 16

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terms as “secretary” and 36 and 9 terms as “treasurer,” including one woman who served a 2-year term (1950-1952) as “secretary/treasurer.” Two women completed 3-year terms as “treasurer” of ACES from 1983- 1989, and another woman is serving the 1st year of her multiple-year term during 1989-1990.

Among the ACES leaders, eight became presidents of APGA or AACD: Donald Kitch (1954-1955), Willis Dugan (1963-1964), Garry Walz (1971-1972), Bruce Shertzer (1973-1974), George Gazda (1976- 1977), Thomas Sweeney (1980-1981), Edwin Herr (1983-1984), and Robert Nejedlo (1988-1989). The ninth president, Marianne Mitchell, will serve as AACD president during 1991-1992.

NATIONAL CONFERENCES Less than 2 years after OIGS was approved in 1938, the first of 10 sponsored national conferences was held for state guidance supervisors. All but the last national conference were called and conducted by OIGS officials. Commissioner Earl McGrath, who replaced Studebaker in 1948, offered and financed the 10th national conference from OE funds, since OIGS was abolished in May 1952. The 10 national conference locations and dates held are listed. Officers of NAGS were elected at business meetings held sometime during each conference.

1940- 1st: 1941- 2nd: 1942- 3rd: 1943- 4th: 1943- 5th: 1944- 6th: 1946- 7th: 1948- 8th: 1950- 9th: 1952- 10th:

Washington, DC, May 9-1 1 Washington, DC, May 8-10 Cambridge, MA, July 27-August 8 Ann Arbor, MI, March 29-April3 Cincinnati, OH, October 4-9 Traverse City# MI, July 24-August 12 Denver, CO, June 2-8 Washington, DC, September 13-18 Ames, IA, September 11-16 East Lansing, MI, September 13-15

Among the 15 state officials who accepted invitations to participate at the first national conference in Washington, DC, in Conference Room 3142 of the U.S. Department of Interior were 10 state supervisors of guidance. The advance program mailed to the participants did not mention an organizational meeting for NAGS, but Jager insisted on an informal organization. The supervisors chose R. Floyd Cromwell as the first president. Formerly a school principal in Maryland, he accepted an appointment as State Supervisor of Educational and Vocational Guidance in 1938 and soon thereafter submitted a state plan for guidance services that was the first accepted for federal funding. When guidance was mentioned in Maryland, Cromwell‘s name was one of the most often heard. A month following the organizational meeting of NAGS, Crom- well was awarded a doctorate at George Washington University. The title of his dissertation was A Suggested Program of Guidance for Maryland, in

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two volumes. Carl Horn (1944-1946), state supervisor in Michigan, took the “blame” for naming NAGS.

The 1942 meeting in Cambridge was held at the Student Union building on the Radcliff College campus. The supervisors stayed in a student housing facility just off the Harvard University campus. At the University of Michigan in 1943, the NAGS members stayed at a building on campus. During the second national conference held that year, headquarters was Hotel Gibson. At Traverse City in 1944, headquarters was the Park Place Hotel, but work was conducted on the third floor of Central High School. At Denver in 1946, headquarters was the Brown Palace Hotel. At Washington, DC, in 1948, most of the conferees stayed at the Raleigh Hotel, but work sessions were conducted in the conference room of the Department of Interior. At Ames in 1950, the conference was held on the campus of Iowa State University. Those who attended lived in a dormitory. The 10th conference for state supervisors and counselor trainers was held at the Kellogg Center for Continuing Educa- tion at Michigan State University. Promoted without extravagance, the national conferences were an extreme miniaturization of current annual ACES programs during AACD national conventions.

REGIONAL CONFERENCES The national conferences were supplemented by regional conferences, which were also called, mostly conducted, and sponsored by OIGS funding (Sheeley, 1985). In the following list, some dates and places of meetings are missing.

1941-Atlantic City, NJ, February 21-27; Washington, DC, December 9-12 1942-New York City, NY, April 8-1 1 1945-Chicago, IL, April 16-21; Raleigh, NC, April 24-28 1947-Pacific, Los Angeles, CA, December 9-12 1948-Washington, DC, February 23-27; Chicago, April 1-3 1949-North Atlantic, North Central, Southern, Little Rock, AR, November 14- 17;

1950-North Atlantic, West Point, NY, May 8-1 1; North Central, Western, Phoenix,

1952-North Atlantic, North Central, East Lansing, MI, February 18; Southern, New

Western, Salt Lake City, UT, April 25-27

AZ, May 8- 1 1

Orleans, LA, March 3-5; Pacific, Los Angeles, CA, March 26-29

The regional conference at Atlantic City in 1941 was held concurrent with the annual CGPA convention. The Pacific regional in 1947 ended 2 days before the opening of the AVA convention held in Los Angeles. At Los Angeles in 1952, the CGPA convention began the day after the Pacific regional conference ended. Moderately well funded with financial support and intelligent federal leadership, NAGS made a powerful difference in promoting guidance and counseling in the United States.

The regional section concept including Central, North Atlantic, Southern, and Western was incorporated into the NAGSCT governance

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structure in the spring of 1952 when NAGS was renamed. The Rocky Mountain region was carved out of the Western section and began holding annual meetings in 1959. Since the chartering of NAGSCT with APGA in 1952, the North Atlantic region, first named in 1949, had 38 presidents to July 1990, 31 men and 6 women (one president serving twice). In North Central ACES, the total number of presidents was 37, including 32 men and 5 women. Among the 31 presidents who served those leadership roles in the Rocky Mountain region, including 1 man who resigned from office, were 27 men and 4 women (Miller, 1981). Southern ACES had 37 presidents, 26 men and 1 1 women. In Western ACES, 34 presidential leaders served that region after 1952,24 men and 10 women. The Association’s first national convention was held at St. Louis in the fall of 1989. No regional conferences were held that year.

NEWSLETTER EDITORS During the existence of NAGS, the distant past of ACES, no official newsletter was exchanged among the members, although OIGS sponsored more than 200 publications, which included reports drafted by members who served on various committees. Periodically, state supervisors and some of the big city guidance directors sent out newsletters to their constituents. As a mutual courtesy, they sometimes mailed copies to other supervisors and to some of the counselor trainers.

The Association’s first newsletter, The Circuit Rzder (CR), was distributed initially in the fall of 1952, after NAGS was renamed. During the next 38 years to mid-1990, 22 editors prepared and mailed 97 newsletter issues under five different titles. The names of the editors, 16 men and 6 women, are listed below, along with the dates they served and the number of issues they published.

195 2- 1954 1954-1955 1955-1958 1958- 1959 1959- 1960 1960- 1961 1967- 1968 1968- 1969 1972-1976 1976-1977

Walter F. Johnson (6) Richard Hill Byrne (3) Hubert W. Houghton (9) Dwane R. Collins (3) Fred J. Moore, Jr. (3) Kenneth B. Hoyt (2) Philip Louver (2) Bernard A. Kaplan (1) Louise R. Thompson (14) Harry Meek & Irene Bandy (3)

1977-1978 1978- 1979 1979- 1980 1980-1981 1981-1982 1982-1983 1983- 1984 1984- 1985 1985- 1986 1986- 1987 1987-1990

Barbara F. Okun (3) Joseph Mezzano (4) Dennis Engels (4) Barbara A. Reinhold (4) Carlyle Gilbertson (4) W. Larry Osborne (4) Noah M. Inbody (4) Beatrice 0. Pressley (4) Fred Stickle (4) Carol Hacker (4) Gary M. Miller (12)

From 1952- 1960, CR was distributed three times during the academic year, generally in the fall, winter, and spring. The first three issues were mimeographed. At the national convention in Philadelphia ( 1960), NAGSCT members decided to rename the Association and publish a journal. During an executive committee meeting of NAGSCT members


at Washington, DC, in May 1960, they directed that CR be discontinued. During the interim between changing the name from NAGSCT to ACES, Kenneth Hoyt agreed to keep the members up to date on current happenings with publication of the Division Two Newsletter. He mailed two mimeographed issues during 1960- 196 1.

A mail vote in the spring of 1961 renewed NAGSCT with the current title. Publication of a journal awaited the Association’s name change, formalized at the 1961 convention in Denver. Hoyt reported that once the existence and operation of CES was approved, the idea of a newsletter was dropped. Insufficient funds prevented the publication of a newsletter under the supervision of editors during 1961-1967 and 1969-1972. The exceptions were publication of two ACES Newsletter issues during 1967- 1968 and one during 1968-1969. These were initiated after Presi- dent Garry Walz (1966-1967) mailed a preconvention newsletter an- nouncing the Association’s program for the 1967 APGA national convention in Dallas. Three issues each of the newsletter were published during 1972-1973 and 1973-1974, before it became a quarterly during 1974. The only exceptions were publications during each of two ad- ministrations (1976- 1978) when three newsletters were received by sub- scribers. The newsletter was retitled ACES ACCESS during 1984-1986, before it was renamed ACES Spectrum, the current title.

After NVGA contributed its journal Occupations to APGA in 1951, members of NAGSCT realized that a medium no longer would be available to distribute communications to members. So the subject of a newsletter was placed on the agenda of both business meetings scheduled at Michigan State University in September 1952, several months after the Association was granted divisional status with APGA. At the first business meeting, two supervisors (H. Edgar Williams and Margaret Colvin) and a counselor trainer (Walter Johnson) were appointed by the outgoing NAGS’S President George Mowrer to consider a means of communication among members. The next day at the second business meeting when new NAGSCT officers were elected, the committee recom- mended that a newsletter be established and an editor elected. A unan- imous vote was cast for Walter Johnson to become the first editor, and he was persuaded to accept the job. In a recent letter, Johnson said that as a young professional, he probably needed to gain some recognition. That was an opportunity for him to “break some ground.” Johnson suggested CR’s title as a “starter” only. The title fit the acronym. He wrote the following:

Most of the supervisors and their associates traveled around their states visiting schools, developing new fledgling programs, and ministering their “flocks” much like the old circuit rider preachers used to do. Then the counselor trainers came on the scene and they, too, were out in the “hustings” helping schools organize programs, teaching off-campus courses, consulting with superintendents and their staffs, and doing many other things to promote the cause of guidance and counseling in the schools. Thus, the counselor trainers were

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also “circuit riders” in those earlier days (and it continues even to this day to some extent). It was high time to change the title and the format with a new publication in 1961. (W. F. Johnson, personal communication, April 27, 1989)

During 1958- 1959, Johnson served as APGA’s 7th president. Two other newsletter editors became presidents of ACES: Hubert Houghton (1962-1963) and Louise Thompson (1980-1981).

ACES JOURNAL EDITORS

During the past 29 years (1961-1990), 10 men accepted the challenge to serve as editors of the Association’s quarterly journal, Counselor Educa- tion and Supervision (CES) . In the order of their editorships, they are as follows: Kenneth B. Hoyt (1961-1965), Edward C. Roeber (1965-1968), James L. Lister (1968-1971), Edwin L. Herr (1971-1974), James V. Wigtil (1977-1980), Ray D. Hosford, who resigned almost immediately after acceptance because of illness, Thomas W. Hosie (1981-1984), Richard Bradley (1984-1988), and Duane Brown since 1989.

Hoyt edited the first four volumes. Appointed as an associate editor during the last year of Hoyt’s term, Roeber, an editorial board member (1963- 1966) on APGA’s The Personnel and Guidance Journal (Pb’G) and who previously served as president of APGA (1 96 1 - 1962), published Volumes 5-7. CES appeared in a revised format in the fall of 1966. Formerly a CES manuscript reviewer (1965- 1966) who was selected one of three associate editors (1966- 1968), Lister edited Volumes 8- 10. Sometime during Lister’s last year as editor, Herr, who served on the editorial board during 1967-1970, was named associate editor and chaired the editorial board during publication of Volumes 11-13. His first issue appeared in a different format. Kehas served as editor-elect during the last half of 1973 and associate editor during the first half of 1974, after which time he became editor of Volumes 14-16. The third number of the 14th volume exhibited a different cover design. Wigtil, an editorial board member during 197 1-1974 and 1975-1976, served as editor-designate during 1976-1977 and editor of Volumes 17-19. With the resignation of Hosford, Wigtil’s term was extended through December of 1980, two numbers of Volume 20. Hosie published the last two issues of Volume 20 while editor-designate in 1981 and edited Volumes 2 1-23. Hosie is president of ACES during the golden anniversary year (1989-1990). Richard Bradley edited Volumes 24-27 and the first two issues of Volume 28. Associate editor Harry Daniels, who served in that capacity during the last 1 Y2 years with Bradley, prepared the last issue (December 1988) on his own while Bradley was on sabbatical leave. Brown, the current editor, completed the last two numbers of Volume 28 and introduced the first issue of Volume 29 (September 1989) with a revised format, a fifth cover to cloth CES in its 29-year history.


In addition to the 10 editors and Daniels, there were 150 editorial board reviewers who served ACES from 1961 to mid 1990, including 107 men and 43 women. There were 35 members on the CES review board during 1983-1984, the highest number during a year. Three editorial board members and John S. Charlton, the business manager, assisted Hoyt during each year of his editorship. At the Philadelphia convention in 1960, Donald Twiford, the last president of NAGSCT, asked Hoyt to edit an experimental journal issue for the Association. Although extremely busy with his appointment to the editorial board of the P&’G during 1960-1963, Hoyt agreed. Charlton went out into the exhibit area and sold over $400 worth of ads to start the first CES issue. Selection of the Association’s new name by a mail ballot early in 1961 influenced the title and number of that issue, “Counselor Education and Supervision, Vol. 0, No. 0, Spring 1961,” which came from the NAGSCT (soon to become ACES) executive council. The experimental issue was mailed and received by members before the national convention at Denver. The decision to publish the quarterly was formalized there. Hoyt commented about his editorship:

Remember that during the four years I served as Editor, we had small financial subsidies from APGA but absolutely no help of any kind in (a) manuscript collection and distribution to editorial board members; (b) editing/proofreading galley proofs; (c) publication arrange- ments; or (d) mailing to ACES members. I handled all of that from my office with the University of Iowa picking up all incidental expenses. Nor was there an honorarium for the editor. (K. R. Hoyt, personal communication, April 16, 1989)

Hoyt served as APGA’s 15th president during 1966-1967. All the editors of CES perceived the function and content of the journal

to stimulate the development and improvement of counselor preparation (Brown, 1989). If chosen for publication, thoughtful scholarly articles contributed by members and reviewed by those serving on the editorial board help determine relevancy to other Association members. Articles provide direction signals for gazing presciently into the future. Those who submit quality manuscripts selected by the reviewers for publication add alternate dimensions for charting new paths and steering new courses in counselor education and supervision. The services that editors and editorial board members perform are crucial to the operation of ACES and help prevent members from lapsing into holding patterns that work against them.

SUMMARY In this article I identified influential professionals, namely, the Association’s past-presidents, newsletter editors, and journal editors (supported by editorial board members). They assisted in the creation of what stands for ACES, during the 50 years after the founding. They were the subjects, often silent crusaders, chosen for recognition in this

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short review during the golden anniversary year. They made what might have happened an absolute possibility, as they strived to accomplish ambitious goals for the Association and themselves. That is how they delivered, extending themselves to meet the challenges ahead of them. They were innovators who came back year after year to form the cornerstones of renewal, always turning their faces and actions toward the future. Those who contributed the most to the Association’s in- heritance, even the most self-sacrificing volunteer members, need to hear occasionally that their efforts are respected and appreciated.

CONCLUSION Counseling is here to stay-at least through the 1990s into the 21st century. With or without federal support in the future, continuing professional growth and nurturing services for members must rest with the Association. In return, the Association will need members with aspirations for additional professional greatness, who will turn the challenges ahead into opportunities. The future will be different from the past and present, but dedicated, conscientious, and reliable members will continue to be the Association’s most valuable resource to launch and manage the way through the next decade and beyond.

REFERENCES Brogher, J. F. (1949). The program of the occupational information and guzdance service (U.S.

Office of Education: 193 8- 1948). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.

Brown, D. (1989). Beginning the editorship of Counselor Education and Supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28, 197-198.

Elmore, T. M. (1985). The era of ACES: Tradition, transformation, and the possible dream. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63, 4 1 1-4 15.

Hollis, J. W., & Wantz, R. A. (1971). Counselor education directory 1971. Muncie, IN: Ball State Book Store.

Inbody, N. M. (1984, June). A sense of history-a sense of tomorrow: A review of ACES from a six-year perspective. ACES Newsletter, p. 12.

Miller, L. L. (1981). A halfcentury of guidance in Wyoming: (From vocational guzdance to counselor educutian). Laramie, WY: D.R.D. Publishers.

Sheeley, V. L. (1968). Leaders in professional organizations in the guidance and counseling movement: Some implications of their personal and professional background. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Wyoming, Lararnie.

Sheeley, V. L. (1977). Pres&tiul review: ACES leaders create ties, 1940-77. Washington, DC: Association for Counselor Education and Supervision.

Sheeley, V. L. (1985, March). ACES history series: Ancestral legacy. ACES ACCESS, pp. 4-5.

Studebaker, J. W. (1939, February). A report of the guidance program of the office of education. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Vocational Guidance Association, Cleveland, OH.


five decades of aces: service to members

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