GOVT. P.G COLLEGE

JHALAWAR SEMINAR ON

FISH BY-PRODUCTS

SUBMITTED TO :- FROM :-

MISS - ARZOOMAND QRESHI MANISH KUMAR SAINI

MRS – ROOPAM KULSHRESTHA M.SC (FINAL)ZOOLOGY

FISH BY-PRODUCTS

CONTENTSINTRODUCTION

Categories of fish oil

Fish meal

Fish manure

Hydrolysed protein from waste fish

Other fish by-products

INTRODUCTION

Fish unsuitable for human consumption is often discarded during

processing. These and such species which have little market value from important raw material for a fishery by-product industry .

Fish is a highly perishable food material because of its moisture and

nutrient contents, and spoilable begins as soon as fish dies, it is the

result of a series of complicated chemical reactions taking place in

a dead fish, mainly by enzymes and bacteria.

These are either thrown back into the sea immediately after their

catch or utilized wholly or partly as manure .

CATEGORES OF FISH OIL

1. Fish liver oil

2. Fish body oil

Pale cod liver oil

Light brown oil

Brown oil

1. FISH LIVER OIL

Fish liver oil is obtained from fish liver.

Soon after the fish is dead, the enzymes present in the liver start their

action on the proteinaceous matter and fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerine.

The oil becomes darker in colour due to oxidation. Therefore, in

order to obtain good quality oil, the processing of liver must be

done soon after the fish is caught. Oil is extracted from liver of dead

fish.

FISH LIVER OIL

METHOD :-

Liver is chopped into small pieces and boiled with sufficient water.

The oil is skimmed off from the surface of water.

COMPOSITION OF FISH LIVER OIL :-

FAT 55.75%

PROTEIN 5-10%

WATER 20-36%

VITAMIN A & D

FISH LIVER OIL

PALE COD LIVER OIL :-

It is yellow in colour.

It is obtain from cod fish and fishes found costal region of sea.

It has highest medicinal value it contains vit.-D and vit.-E.

LIGHT BROWN OIL :-

It is light brown in colour. It is obtain frim disintegrated liver.

BROWN OIL :-

It is brown in colour. It is not use in pharmacy.

FISH LIVER OIL use of fish liver oil

The medicinal value of fish liver oil was known even in old times.

It is remarkable that the two important vitamins, A and D essential

for man , occur in liver oil in the required quantity , enhancing its medical value.

Cod liver oil was known to cure both ‘rickets’ and ‘exophthalmia’.

The fish oil is helpful in the growth of teeth and bones .

It increase the immunity of human body and maintenance of

human skin.

FISH BODY OIL

This oil is different from fish liver oil. Oil extracted from the whole

body of fish or fish fat.

Fresh fish or those preserved in salt are boiled in water oil remove.

The boiled flesh is pressed to obtain dark yellow oil which contains

impurities and has bad odour.

In large factories a copper pan is generally preferred and fish are

constantly boiling and give oil.

FISH BODY OIL

The body oil are used in the manufacture of soaps. It used to

manufacture candles.

Fish body oil also use for oiling the bottom of the boats to protect them against sea-rot.

It is also used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes that more

resistant to heat.

A good quality oil is clear pale yellow to brown in colour , while dark

coloured oil is of inferior quality.

FISH MEAL

Fish meal is clean cooked , dried tissue of undecomposed fish. It is

produced in Chennai, Maharashtra, Orissa and west Bengal coast.

Species that form the raw material are sardines, mackerels, ribbon fish , sliver belly , sharks and rays.

Large sized fishes are cut into pieces while the small ones are

treated as a whole.

The process of manufacture consists of boiling the fish in sufficient

quantity of water in large pots to extract oil.

The cooked mass is then pressed to remove water . The resulting

cake is then dried in sun, taking care to prevent mixing of sand.

FISH MEAL Large factories are constructed for continuous operation at places

where fish are landed in considerable quantities. The fish is run continuously to cookers. From where they are passed to screw presses.

The pressed material is dried in steam cylinders, pressed material is dried in steam cylinders, pressed hydraulically to extract oil and water.

The solid mass is packed and marketed.

Fish meal can be stored in air tight sterilized containers for a fairly long period.

Fish meal is composed of :-

Proteins 60-80%

Ash 10-15%

Oil 5-6%

FISH MANURE

Fish manure is used in many places, and is becoming more and more

popular due to its high nutrient value. Three kinds of manure are

obtained from fish :

1. Fish manure

2. Prawn manure

3. Fish guano

FISH MANURE 1 fish manure

Fish manure is prepared by drying fish in the sun on the sea beach.

When there is an abundant supply of fish or when they are brought

to the shore in spoiled condition and are unfit for human consumption they are simply spread on beach and dried.

Mainly mackerels, sardine and few other species are dried to

produce manure.

FISH MANURE Prawn manure

Prawn manure is composed of head , tail and body shell of prawn.

These are separated during the preparation of prawn pulp and from

the waste.

Prawn manure contains 5-6% nitrogen and 3-4% phosphate and

some lime.

FISH MANURE Fish guano

Fish guano is prepared from sardines that are landed in abundance

on the Malabar coast.

Fish are cooked and pressed for oil in fish oil factories.

The solid matter left forms the fish guano and contains 8-10%

nitrogen and phosphates . Fish guano mixes-up with the soil quickly

and is utilised easily by the plants.

HYDROLYSED PROTEIN FROM WASTE FISH

Waste flesh of fish like sharks and skates can be converted into valuable protein food for human consumption.

The fish flesh is first minced and washed. This is then boiled with dilute acetic acid for about one hour at 80* C.

After washing thoroughly to remove acid and lipids, the fish is pressed and dried. The product is then treated with petroleum to remove fat and to improve its quality.

Remaining protein is insoluble in water and difficult to absorb. It is therefore , hydrolysed by 10% caustic soda at about 80*C . The liquefied substance is neutralised by acetic acid. Spray dried to a cream coloured powder which has natural flavour. The process gives a10% from raw material, and is rich in proteins (35%). The hydrolysed protein is easily digestible and is very useful for patients suffering from nutritional deficiencies.

OTHER BY-PRODUCTS

ISINGLASS

FISH FLOUR

FISH GLUE

FISH SKIN

SHELLS OF MOLLUSCS

OTHER FISH BY-PRODUCTS

ISINGLASS

It is product from the air bladder of certain fishes like the cat fishes,

perches, scianids. Air bladder of such fishes are exported to prepare

isinglass.

OTHER FISH BY-PRODUCTS FISH

FLOUR

Fish flour is superior quality of fish meal, which is used for human

consumption. It can be mixed with wheat flour (10% fish flour and

90% wheat flour) and is use for enriching nutritive value of bread, biscuits, cakes etc.

OTHER FISH BY-PRODUCTS FISH

GLUE

It is prepared from skin, fins and bones, which are washed , ground and

cooked in steam jackets vessels for 6-10 hours with little acetic acid .

The liquid is separated and concentrated to from fish glue which is used as an adhesive for book binding, labels, paper boxes etc.

OTHER FISH BY-PRODUCTS FISH

SKIN

The skin of sharks rays is tanned and marketed.

Dried fins of sharks are exported to china where they are

in demand for the preparation of soups.

OTHER FISH BY-PRODUCTS SHELLS

OF MOLLUSCS

Shells of bivalves and other molluscs are used in the preparation of

lime and bleaching powder.

Beautiful shells are also used in the manufacture of fancy articles which are quite attractive and fetch a good price.

FISH BY-PRODUCTS

THANK YOU

REFRENCES :

AN INTRODUCTION TO FISHES BY S.S KHANNA

GOOGLE

WIKIPEDIA