first working group 3 meetingfirst working group 3...
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Action FP0802
First Working Group 3 MeetingFirst Working Group 3 Meeting
Computational Modelling
May 13, 2009
Workshop “Experimental and computational methods in wood micromechanics” May 11-13, 2009
Tentative agendaTentative agenda
• Purpose of working group 3• Presentation of participantsPresentation of participants• Short-term scientific missions• Suggestions of future WG3 meetings• Multiscale modelling – bridging length scales• Multiscale modelling bridging length scales• Summary – decisions
Purpose of WG3Purpose of WG3
Simulations
WG3 Modellingg
Necessary input ValidationIteration
WG1 StructureMicroscopy
WG2 PropertiesExperimental characterizationpy p
Tentative agendaTentative agenda
• Purpose of working group 3• Presentation of participantsPresentation of participants• Short-term scientific missions• Suggestions of future WG3 meetings• Multiscale modelling – bridging length scales• Multiscale modelling bridging length scales• Summary – decisions
Presentation of researchers and groups
‐ Name, affiliation, function‐ Competences and available techniques‐ Competences and available techniques
Michael Jarvis, Univ GlasgowKristofer Gamstedt KTHKristofer Gamstedt, KTHThomas Bader, TU WienTancrèdes Alméras, Univ MontpellierJan Bramming NTIJan Bramming, NTIParviz Navi, Bern Univ Applied SciencesJoão Fernandes, SuperwoodViivi Koivu, Univ JyväskyläViivi Koivu, Univ JyväskyläLoane Bigorgne, INSA de LyonMats Ekevad, Luleå Univ TechnolBrigitte Chabbert, FAREg ,
Others: oral presentations
Mike JarvisChemistry Department, Glasgow University, Scotland
Structure of wood and its relation to mechanicalStructure of wood and its relation to mechanical performanceTechniques available‐Techniques available
•FTIR microscopy with polarisation, deuteration and mechanical stretching
•Solid-state 13C and 1H NMR
•Diffuse fibre diffraction
•X-ray densitometry
Kristofer Gamstedt
KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of BiocompositesDivision of BiocompositesHead: Lars Berglund
Main activitiesCellulose‐based nanocompositesStructure‐property relations of wood
C d iCompetences and equipmentFEG‐SEMPreparation of MFC‐based materialsMe hani al testinMechanical testingMechanistic modelling
Potential collaboration partners Molecular dynamic simulationsWood science: morphology biological function archeological preservationWood science: morphology, biological function, archeological preservationImage analysis, x‐ray microtomography, microscopy
Institute for Mechanics of Materials and StructuresFaculty of Civil Engineering
Research interests - Thomas Bader et al.macroscopic mechanical and transport properties ofwood and wood based productsp- multi-scale micromechanical modeling- continuum micromechanics / unit cell theory
within the framework of poromechanics- within the framework of poromechanics- modeling on structural level (e.g. modeling of defects)- application of constitutive models to finite element methodsother research at the institute: micromechanical modeling of bone, skin, concrete, asphalt, a.o.
LaboratoryLaboratory for micro- and nanomechanics ofbiological and biomimetical materials
Laboratory
e.g. axial and torsional testing, nanointendation, ultrasonic equipment
Laboratory for macroscopic material testing
e g uniax/biax/triax testing machines creep testinge.g. uniax/biax/triax testing machines, creep testing
Instit tion CNRS U i M t lli (FRANCE)
Tancrède AlmérasInstitution: CNRS ‐ Univ. Montpellier (FRANCE)Laboratory of Mechanics and Civil Engineering = LMGCTeam:Tree and wood mechanics
Research interest: tree/wood biomechanics/micromechanics
Maturation stress in trees: mechanisms at stem level biomechanical• Maturation stress in trees: mechanisms at stem level, biomechanical and practical implications• Maturation stress in wood: generation mechanism at the cell-wall level, g ,consequences for wood behaviour• Properties of green wood: diversity (tropical woods, reaction woods), relation with structure at all scales biomechanical implicationsrelation with structure at all scales, biomechanical implications
At team level: + visco-elasticity, hygro-mechanical behaviourTechniques: microscopy AFM XRD mechanical tests (creep dynamic)
Workshop “Experimental and computational methods in wood micromechanics” May 11-13, 2009
Techniques: microscopy, AFM, XRD, mechanical tests (creep, dynamic)
J B iJan Bramming
• Born and raised i Denmark, lived in Norway since 1991.
• Master's degree from UMB on Forestry –specialization in wood technology
• Employed at NTI since 2001.
• Formal position: Scientist.
Norsk Treteknisk Institutt (NTI)• Research & Development centre for Norwegian wood industry. 35 employees, 150 member companies• Leading edge competence: gluing, dryingLeading edge competence: gluing, drying and grading of wood• Laboratories for: Mechanical testing, Chemical analysis, glue test and approvals, wood drying surface treatment woodwood drying, surface treatment, wood autonomy.• Test fields: Life expectancy of impregnated wood and surface treatments• Information to member companies, engineers, architects, general public etc. • Quality documentation(EN CE TRADA JAS)(EN, CE, TRADA, JAS)• Quality control schemes (Construction wood, glulam, impregnated wood etc,)
Parviz Navi : Bern University of Applied SciencesPrevious works:‐ Homogenisation of viscoelastic materials using dispersion and damping relations‐ Application of Micromechanical approaches to model the wood axial tension, transient moisture effects on wood creep, wood cell damaging, and development of a 3D fracture model at fibre level.Current works:‐ Modelling the crack propagation and its stability in a panel under humidity, force and temperature variation.
B d d
Scale: boardDifferential
K‐type thermocouple• Based on data:
• directional permeabilities;• moisture content distribution;• wood mechanical properties;
pressure meter
p
• wood mechanical properties;
140
160Pressure in the vesselPressure inside board Exp Pressure inside board Sim
e, b
ar 100
120
C 50
60
70
Pres
sure
40
60
80
Tem
pera
ture
, ºC
30
40
50
T inlet vesselT outlet vesselT f f l
0
20
40
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 1800010
20
T tofpof vesselT surface wood boardT inside wood board
T sim inside board
Time, s
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
COST FP0802 Workshop, Vienna 2009COST FP0802 Workshop, Vienna 2009
Time, sec
João FernandesJoão Fernandes
Soft Condensed Matter and Statistical PhysicsDepartment of Physics, University of Jyväskylä
Laboratory facilities Research interestsLaboratory facilitiesX‐ray tomography‐ SkyScan 1172‐ X‐radia MicroCXT (18.5.2009 ‐>)
d ( )
X‐ray tomography‐Micro and nano‐scale materials analysis‐ Image analysisS l h i i i 3‐ X‐radia nanoCXT (8.6.2009 ‐>)
Microscopy‐ Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
‐ Structural characteristics in 3D
Microscopy‐Materials research in 2DScanning electron microscope (SEM)
‐ Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Numerical fluid flow “simulator”LBM i l i f fl id bili
Materials research in 2D‐ Verification for tomographic reconstructions
Numerical fluid flow analysisFl id fl i h di‐ LBM simulations for fluid permeability
‐ Fluid imbibition/penetration inporous materials
‐ Fluid flow in porous heterogeneous media‐ Permeability, flow velocity, flow rate,flow paths, penetration rate etc.
“Home‐made” measurement devices‐Matrix‐diffusion‐ Fluid permeabilityO i l h
“Home‐made” measurements‐Materials research‐ Verification for numerical analysis resultsFl fil
Viivi KoivuUniversity of Jyväskylä
‐ Optical tomography‐ Pipe system for fluid / fibersuspension flows
‐ Flow profiles
WG3 COST Action FP0802Ki d f d liKind of modeling
INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5259
Study at the macro and mesoscopic scaley p
Representation of softwood as cylindrically orthotropic material + linear stiffness variation along annual ringsy y p g g
Heterogeneous model : stiffness variation along each annual rings
1.E+07 El
Er
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
Mod
ule
[Mpa
]
Er
Et
Grt
1.E+01
1.E+02
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Position in an annual ring
http://sites.google.com/site/loanebigorgne/[email protected]
Mats EkevadAssociate ProfessorLuleå University of Technology, Division of Wood Science and Technology,Skellefteå, Sweden
Research interests:Finite element modelling of wood, in order to simulate production of sawn timber and alsosimulation of end‐use of wooden products. The length scale of the variations of the woodmaterial model varies much between different projects.
Examples: Si l ti f h i f t d d b id l th l f d d i ti i‐Simulations of mechanics of prestressed wooden bridges, length scale of wood description is large (say 0.5 m), focus here is on slip between members‐Simulations of influence of knots on stiffness, length scale say 10 mmSimulations of wood drying diffusion phenomena length scale say about the resolution of‐Simulations of wood drying, diffusion phenomena, length scale say about the resolution of CT scans, about 1 or a few mm.‐Most recent project: to model wood cutting, length scale, say 10 μm (tool edge radius), a difficult taskdifficult task
Laboratory equipment: CT (computed tomography) scanner, a new one installed this year. 512x512 pixels, resolution 1 mm, about 3000 levels/pixel, accuracy for one pixel is about +‐5512x512 pixels, resolution 1 mm, about 3000 levels/pixel, accuracy for one pixel is about + 5 kg/m3, 1 scan/s.
Interested in cooperation with other researchers with the same interests
h itFARE research unit(Fractionnement des Agro-Ressources et Environnement)
(Fractionnation of lignocellulosic ressourcesand Environment)
Head Bernard KUREK
Our object of interest:the lignocellulosic cell wallthe lignocellulosic cell wall
• Use schemes: fractionation followed by reconstructionfollowed by reconstruction
• Final properties of products and materials
• depend on bio-synthesis anddepend on bio synthesis and interactions with deconstruction and reconstruction processes
Global outputs of our research objectives: uses of renewable Carbon
• Uses of lignocellulosic biomass• Uses of lignocellulosic biomass…– energy, i.e. biofuels– biodegradable materials
b ilding blocks for chemistr– building blocks for chemistry– (Macro)-molecules for specialty chemistry
• … but achieving also sustainability of the systems… but achieving also sustainability of the systems– back to soil; N and C cycles
What are we doing?Fundamental
delineate key points of the multi scale building mechanisms of plantdelineate key points of the multi scale building mechanisms of plant cell wall
study the physical, chemical and biological transformations during processing as well as during soil decompositionprocessing as well as during soil decomposition
study some reconstruction mechanisms and processes with isolated polymers and fibres in (and for) new bio-based materials
Applied
dynamic description of lignocellulose properties at various scaledynamic description of lignocellulose properties at various scale levels:
- for substitution purposes for new functionalities- for new functionalities
How are we working: 4 teams COST FP0802Structure and Accessibility
of secondary plant cell wall
ctio
nFP0802
e pr
oduc
owle
dge
Physical and chemicaltransformations
Biological transformationsin complex media
Biotransformation in soil litters
Kno
nte
grat
ion
New fibrous materials Enzyme reactionsand fermentations C and N cycles
Int
about 55 people (incl. 35 permanent staff)
Structure and accessibility of plant cell wall
V Aguié - B ChabbertMultiscale studies of the cell wall cohesiveness and accessibility Locking point for destructuration (enzymatic, mechanical,, ...)
V. Aguié B . Chabbert
On model systems-macromolecular assemblies
Strategy: -system modulation ( i /d i ) ligninlignin--hemicellulose complexhemicellulose complex(construction /deconstruction)
-chemistry/cytochemistry/polymer interactions probing/ local probing
cellulose surfacescellulose surfaces
p g p g
On plant systems- genetic and environmental factors - various lignocelluloses:
fl h ( l U i Lill 1 S H ki )
Nanocristalsramie
Monolayer Multilayers(cellulose-hemicelluloses-
lignins-proteins)The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
flax, hemp (col. Univ Lille1, S. Hawkins)grass (wheat, maize, miscanthus)wood (poplar, col. INRA Orléans, Nancy) 2 µm 2 µm
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
The image part with r elati…
Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrsta Micro-cristauxde celluloseHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrstauxde cellu Micro-cristauxde celluloseHRGPPectineHRGPMcrocrstauxde cellu
At nanometric scales
TopographyInterface(lignin)
Col. LMEN, Univ Reims
M. MolinariFiber
(cellulose)
M. Molinari
TEM/ AFM
Mechanical properties
TEM/ AFM
Mechanical properties« hard »
Ex: Hemp fibres
« soft »Resin
Physical and chemical transformations
J Beaugrand – B KurekMulti-scale studies for the determination of main cell wall properties involved during physicochemical processes
J. Beaugrand B. Kurek
three transformation typesthree transformation types fiber isolation; compounding; pressing
various lignocellulosesflax/hemp/wood/miscanthusflax/hemp/wood/miscanthus
Strategy: local probing to global assays (rheology; functional properties)(rheology; functional properties)
Tentative agendaTentative agenda
• Purpose of working group 3• Presentation of participantsPresentation of participants• Short-term scientific missions• Suggestions of future WG3 meetings• Multiscale modelling – bridging length scales• Multiscale modelling bridging length scales• Summary – decisions
Short‐Term Scientific Mission ‐ STSM
• Aims to strengthen the existing network, especially for early stageg g , p y y gresearchers
• Funding to go to another institution or laboratory in another COST country to foster collaboration, learn new techniques, or to takemeasurements using instruments not available at home institution
l b tor laboratory.
• STSMs should last > 1 week, < 3 months
A l f /• Apply at www.cost.esf.org/stsm
• Application: Plan, CV, budget request to Action Chair and hostinstitutioninstitution
• Reviewed by WG leader, approved by management committee
All b li t d FP0802 h d i ti f i tit t• All members listed on FP0802 homepage: description of institutes, available infrastructure etc.
Tentative agendaTentative agenda
• Purpose of working group 3• Presentation of participantsPresentation of participants• Short-term scientific missions• Suggestions of future WG3 meetings• Multiscale modelling – bridging length scales• Multiscale modelling bridging length scales• Summary – decisions
Action FP0802
Welcome WG 3 meeting
Your favourite modelling topic?Your favourite modelling topic?
Hosted by your institutions?
2010 – 2011 – 2012?2010 2011 2012?
WG 1‐3 meeting at INNVENTIAStockholm, November 4, 2009
Groom et al. (2002)
Si l fib t ti d d lliSingle fibre testing and modelling
Lennart Salmén
Stockholm in November?Stockholm in November?
WG3 meeting on modelling of wood in cultural heritage?
i d l• COST Action IE0601: WoodCultHerwww.woodculther.org
• Michal Lukomski, Cultural Heritage Research Group, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakówp, y ,
• Dimensional stability with respect to flows of heat and moisture in the wood structuresheat and moisture in the wood structures using numerical simulations: FEM climate‐induced stress fields resulting structuralinduced stress fields, resulting structural deformations
COST ACTION IE0601Wood Science for Conservation
of Cultural Heritageof Cultural Heritage
General informationGeneral information
COST - European Cooperation in the fieldCOST - European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research
- 35 member countries
- 9 scientific domains – our domain is ‘Materials physical and is Materials, physical and nanosciences’
- website: www.cost.esf.org
Information on the actionInformation on the action
- duration April 2007 – April 2011- duration April 2007 – April 2011
- 26 participating countries 26 participating countries (represented in the Management Committte)Committte)
- chair of the action: professor Luca pUzielli, University of Florence, e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
- website: www.woodculther.com
StructureStructure
3 working groups:3 working groups:
WG 1 d tiWG 1 - wood properties
WG 2 t d di iWG 2 - assessment and diagnosis
WG3 i d iWG3 - conservation and restoration
ActivitiesActivities
large meetings/conferences: - large meetings/conferences: Tervuren (Belgium) 2007, Florence 200 ( l) 20082007, Braga (Portugal) 2008, coming October 2009 in Hamburg g g
- focussed thematic workshopsp
- Short Term Scientific Missions
- training schoolsg
Tentative agendaTentative agenda
• Purpose of working group 3• Presentation of participantsPresentation of participants• Short-term scientific missions• Suggestions of future WG3 meetings• Multiscale modelling – bridging length• Multiscale modelling – bridging length
scales• Summary – decisions
Linking models of different length scales togetherlength scales together…
Multiscale modelling…
Missing data, weak links?
Multiscale modellingg
Output valuesOutput values
nks?
weaklin
Multi‐stephomogenization
re the
wWhe
rear
W
Hofstetter, Hellmich & Eberhardsteiner, 2005Input parameters
INPUT DATA
CONSTITUENT Cell wall layers CELL WALL
Neagu et al., 2006
CONSTITUENT Cell wall layers CELL WALL CelluloseHemicellulose
Homogenization
C H LE (GP ) 137 8 3 1
Lignin
H
L
Homogenization
AnalyticalE11 (GPa) 137 8 3.1
E22 (GPa) 18 3.4 3.1
G (GPa) 5 1 2 1 2
C
G12 (GPa) 5.1 2 1.2
ν12 (-) 0.38 0.3 0.3Volume fraction
C H LLayer MFA (°) Thickness
fractionS3 50 3ν 23 (-) 0.48 0.4 0.3
β11 (-) 0 0.6 0.4
β22 (-) 0 1.1 0.4
fractionS3, S2 0.44 0.32 0.24
S1 0.18 0.17 0.65
S3 -50 3
S2 +(0-50) 87
S1 -80 10
Sakurada et al. (1962)Cousins (1976,1978) Tashiro and Kobayashi (1991)
Persson (2000) Fengel and Stoll (1973)Brändström (2002)Brändström et al. (2003)
Nakamura et al. (2004)Cave (1978)
Abe et al. (1992)Bergander et al. (2002)
ELASTIC INPUT PARAMETERS (Neagu et al., 2006)Experimental Modelling Estimated
Cellulose
EL (GPa) 137[A], 138[B], 120-135[C], 90-140[H]
168[D], 113.5[E], 246[I] -The structural load 90 140[ ]
ET (GPa) - 17.7[D], 27.7[E], 18[F] -
GLT (GPa) - 5.1[D], 4.5[E] -
νLT (-) 0.38[G] 0.1[E], 0.005[D], 0.047[F] -
The structural load‐bearing component EL ≈ 140 GPa, ET ≈ 18‐30 GPa,
GLT ≈ 4‐5 GPa, υLT ≈ 0.1‐0.4, υTT ≈ 0.5LT ( ) , ,
νTT (-) - 0.52[D], 0.48[F]
Hemicelluloses
EL (GPa) 2.0[J], 8[K] - 14-18[N]
ET (GPa) - 3.4[F] 0.8[J], 1.4-3.5[L], 4.0[N]
GLT (GPa) - - 1.0[J], 1.8[L], 2.0[N]
νLT (-) - 0.3[F] 0.2[J], 0.1[N]
Coupling agent between the cellulose and the lignin
EL ≈ 2‐18 GPa, ET ≈ 1‐4 GPa, GLT ≈ 1‐2 GPa, υLT ≈ 0.1‐0.3, υTT ≈ 0.4
νTT (-) - 0.4[F] 0.4[N]
Lignin
EL (GPa) 3.1[M] - 2.0-3.5[N]
ET (GPa) - - 1.0[L]
GLT (GPa) 1.2[M] 0.8[E] 0.6[L]
νLT (-) - - 0.33[N]
Bulking agent making the cell wall rigid and preventing buckling
EL ≈ 2‐4 GPa, ET ≈ 1 GPa, GLT ≈ 0.5‐1.2 GPa, υLT ≈ 0.33, υTT ≈ 0.33
νTT (-) - - -
A) Sakurada (1962), B) Nishino (1995), C) Matsuo (1990), D) Tashiro (1991), E) Mark (1967), F) Cave (1978), G) Nakamura (2004), H) Ishikawa (1997), I) Mark (1980), J) Salmén (2004), K) Cousins (1978), L) Bergander (2002), M) Cousins (1976), N) Persson (2000)
Mike JarvisKey questionsKey questions ‐
•How to interface top-down and bottom-up models of deformation
•When we get to the nanoscale one microfibril beside another with•When we get to the nanoscale – one microfibril beside another, with polymers between – can we still talk of these components as ‘materials’ with definable moduli?
•Which hemicelluloses are where in softwoods?
•Where is the water and what does it do?
H d i d f ti ?•How does compression wood function?
Today: Numerical fluid flow analysis in porous media micro‐scale resolution –experimental verification
Background•Experimental sample size ~ 10 centimeters
Tomographic reconstruction
•Numerical sample size ~ few millimeters
•Representativeness: In order to compare numerical p pand experimental results, the small‐sized tomographic sample must have the same flow properties as the large experimental sample~ 2 mm large experimental sample
Solutions•Representative sampling for tomographic imaging•Representative sampling for tomographic imaging (average characteristics)•Sufficient (maximum) sample sizeS i i•Statistics•Other methods for picking representative simulation volumes (covariance, porosity etc.)~ 1 mm
Viivi KoivuUniversity of Jyväskylä
Simulated (sub)volume
Tomorrow: Numerical fluid flow analysis in porous media nano‐scale resolution –>challenges!
Challenges:S l ti ll i 50
g
Tomographic reconstruction
•Sample preparation small size ~ 50 µm
•What do we see in the tomographic reconstructions?•How to cope with imaging noise?
~ 10 µm
•Is there any use for flow simulations in nano‐scale?•Is it possible to verify simulation results?Is it possible to verify simulation results?
All in all nano‐tomography will open a completely new world!
?completely new world!
Simulated (sub)volume
Viivi KoivuUniversity of Jyväskylä
Tancrède Alméras – LMGC (CNRS / Univ. Montpellier, FRANCE)
Dimensional changePhysico-chemical changes
Modelling activity: generation of maturation stress in wood
Dimensional change in the constituents
Stiffness of the constituents
Physico chemical changes during maturation
Chemical iti
Embedded network modelMicrofibril network
structure
composition
Stiffness of each layer
Multilayer
Thickness and MFA of each layer
each layer
Stress induced in each layerMultilayer
cell model
Microscopic stress/strainsIn vivo boundary
Kinetics of layer formation
Macroscopic
Workshop “Experimental and computational methods in wood micromechanics” May 11-13, 2009
stress/strainsIn vivo boundary conditions
Macroscopic stress/strains
WG3 COST Action FP0802Sh i ifi i iShort-term scientific mission
INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5259
New crack iti
What we observe
31.5°apparition
http://sites.google.com/site/loanebigorgne/[email protected]
WG3 COST Action FP0802Sh i ifi i iShort-term scientific mission
INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5259
New crack iti
What we observe
What we did Representation of softwood ascylindrically orthotropic material
31.5°apparition
y y p+ linear stiffness variation along annual rings
http://sites.google.com/site/loanebigorgne/[email protected]
WG3 COST Action FP0802Sh i ifi i iShort-term scientific mission
INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5259
New crack iti
What we observe
What we did Representation of softwood ascylindrically orthotropic material
31.5°apparition
What we want to model
y y p+ linear stiffness variation along annual rings
http://sites.google.com/site/loanebigorgne/[email protected]
Institute for Mechanics of Materials and StructuresFaculty of Civil Engineering
Input parameters for modelling
length scales physical propertieslength scales physical properties
- mm-scale: growth ring structure late-/earlywood content and densities
cellular structure shape of cell structure
data for model validation
- mm-scale: cell wall material orientation of cell. fibrils
l l i iff f l
data for model validation
- nm-scale: polymer matrix stiffness of polymers
strength of polymersdata for model validation
cellulose microfibrils stiffness/strength of cryst./paracryst. cellulose
data for model validation
more reliable data neededmissing data
Why is NTI in FP0802 ?• Educational
– Research work in general– Techniques and methodsq– Equipment
• NTI has been working with solid wood properties and fiber propertiesfiber properties. – Physical and mechanical properties in Norwegian spruce
and pine + ongoing project : Wood quality predicting
• NTI has also been working with several surface treatment projects
• Micro structural features of wood:• Micro structural features of wood: ‐ a natural step further on from the earlier projects – a microstructural explanation
• Hydro‐mechanical properties and modeling: ‐ interesting in connection with especially mechanical and physical wood properties, and the kiln drying process.p