first dissertation

8/18/2019 First Dissertation

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Observation of diurnal andnoncturnal variation of

urban microclimateTropical Climate in UTMKuala Lumpur Campus

Husna Aini Swarno

Dr. Sheikh Ahmad Zaki

Siti Wan Syahidah Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali

Wind Engineering for Urban, Artifiial, Man!made

En"ironment, Malaysia #a$an %nstitute of &ehnology,

U&M 'uala (um$ur, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT

&his $a$er $resents an assessment of limatology season in U&M 'uala

(um$ur am$us area. &he data used are real!time weather data whih

obtained from the weather station by )am$bell Sientifi from Marh *+- to

ebruary *+/. &he weather station was installed at three $otential loations

on am$us. 0ne year data was analysed using ortran11 and the data were

analysed by daily, hourly and monthly. &he result indiates that the air

tem$erature around the am$us between */2) ! 3-2) and for the solar

radiation -4W5m6 ! 1+4 W5m6. Sine the am$us has a few rise building

suh as Menara 7a8ak, 9- metres height and Malaysia!#a$an %nternational %nstitute &ehnology, /3 metres height. &hus, the height of the rise building

was affeted the wind s$eed and wind diretion. &he wind s$eed a"erage is

about ./ : *./ m5s in the am$us area and somehow the wind s$eed were u$

to / m5s. Wind diretion also more from ;orth West diretion. &his study of

interest is for assessing the tro$ial limate in U&M am$us, hene to

generi the $otential of wind s$eed and wind diretion to install the miro

sale wind turbine if the wind s$eed is enough to generate the wind $ower

eletriity in the am$us.

Keywords: Wind energy, 7enewable Energy, Wind energy $otential


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1. Introduction

Wind energy is the large scale of gasses on earth which consist of the bulk

movement of air. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy to the mechanicalenergy. If the mechanical energy is used to roduce electricity! the device

may be called a wind generator or wind generator. Before installing the wind

ower system! a comrehensive study for the wind seed need to be done

before installing the wind ower system "#$.

%uala &umur is the caital of 'alaysia and the city covered an area

of () m* and oulation were estimated around #.+, million in -#/ as stated

in official ortal 0eartment of Statistic 'alaysia. %uala &umur is one of

the fastest growing metroolitan regions in South 1ast Asia in terms of

oulation and economy. 2ur scoe location focused in the camus area of

3T' International Camus! 4alan Semarak! %uala &umur. 3T'

International Camus was at the center of %uala &umur city used to be the

original camus of 3T' on &ot )/5- 4alan Sultan 6ahya 7etra 84alan

Semarak9! with total land area of )+./: acres. %uala &umur and its

surrounding urban areas form the most industriali;ed and economically! the

fastest growing region in 'alaysia. In fact! 3T' %& is located near to

'alaysia cityscae tower like 7etronas Twin Tower and %& Tower.

Construction of high building are showing an interest in reducing theenvironmental imact of a building area and one of the aroaches has been

used the ower generation from solar and wind energy "-$. According to I1A

Wind -# annual reort! wind energy will decrease the utili;ation of fuel

source and reduced the electricity cost. As we know! wind energy is a

renewable energy and becoming interactive because of the limitation of fossil

fuels reserve and the imacts to the environment. The sources of renewable

energy include solar! wind! wave! geothermal and bio


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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus

'alaysia currently cometed with other develoing country to

develo the renewable energy from available sources as an alternative energy.

Solar energy is the most focus in 'alaysia even though the field is limited

and this is because 'alaysia was located at the e>uator and become the factor to harvest the solar energy "/$. To recisely evaluate the renewable energy

otentials! historical data of the wind seed or solar radiation are analy;ed.

This acts as the first ste in siting the hybrid energy system ":$.

2. Wind Ener! Utili"ation in Mala!sia'alaysia was well known as one of the develoing countries among the

AS1A? country! which is located in Southeast Asia which comrise of Sabah

and Sarawak and the geograhical coordinates latitude -@, ? and longitude##-@, 1 "+$. 'alaysia has a hot and humid troical climate with two

monsoon seasons which are northeast and southwest monsoon. or the

?ortheast monsoon was blowing from 2ctober and ebruary and Southeast

monsoon from Aril to 2ctober. Temerature and umidity are high er

annually. 'eanwhile! wind seed is relatively low all over the year "5$.

'a=imum wind seeds occur during the afternoon and minimum seed

occurs Dust before sunrise and the attern controlled by convection in the

surface boundary layer as the ground were heated during sunrise and cooled

by radiation at night "+$.

'alaysia mostly surrounded by water! which can divide into West

'alaysia and 1ast 'alaysia. West 'alaysia consists of eninsular 'alaysia

which are divided into east eninsular 'alaysia and west eninsular

'alaysia. 'oreover! it is located between #@ and :@ latitude north and #@

to #)@ longitude east. ence! eninsular 'alaysia bordered by Thailand in

the north and the South China Sea on the east side! while the 'alacca Straits

at the west coast searates the eninsula from Sumatera! Indonesia. 1ast

'alaysia is bordered by the South China Sea along its northwest coast! by the

Sulu Sea and the Celebes Sea at the Sabah north area and the south side! it is bordered with %alimantan! Indonesia "($.

In 'alaysia! the wind energy conversion Based on the revious

study! #/ kW wind turbine has been installed in Terumbu &ayang


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the research regarding the wind energy otential. Wind data were collected

from # stations which distributed all over in 'alaysia 8: eninsular

'alaysia and ) in east 'alaysia! Sabah! and Sarawak9 for # years eriod

8#(5-


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Figure 1G &ocation of the weather station installed

The details of the weather station installed at the station in camus area were

tabulated in Table #.

Table 1G 0etails of Weather Station

Weather

Station

eight from the ground

8metre9

'easurement 7roduct

# - Watch0og 8Cambell9

- - Watch0og 8Cambell9

, +# Cu Anemometer 8Cambell9

Two distinct seasons are noticed in this locationG northeast monsoon

season which in ?ovember to 'arch and southwest monsoon season which

in 'ay to Setember and the transition eriod in Aril and 2ctober "#-$. The

data were analysed using ortran++ and were average by daily! hourly and

monthly over one year eriod.

%. &ata 'nal!sis

This section was divided into several arameters which are air temerature!solar radiation! wind seed! wind direction and relative humidity.

/


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4.1 Air Temperature

The moving molecules seed within a material defines a measurement of

temerature. Chemical reactions are more likely to haen when themolecules move faster and collide with each other fre>uently. eat

accelerates the chemical reactions when molecules move raidly at high

temeratures and this leads to higher deterioration. The higher the chemical

reactions! were lead to high temerature! and the lower the temerature! the

slower rate of deterioration "#,$.

Referring to igure -! about :H the average of air temerature in

camus area between -5@C to ,@C! #)H temerature range -:@C to -5@C

and followed by -+H of temerature range ,@C and ,-@C. This result

indicated that the temerature in camus area slightly cool! because byreferring to igure )! it shows a high number of total rainfall by each month.

The highest total rainfall is in 2ctober -#) and the temerature was at -+@C.

igure , indicates monthly by hourly average temerature from 'arch -#)

until ebruary -#/. The temerature rose from +G am to #-G m and

started to decline at #-G m until #5G m. This is due to a high number of

total rainfall for all month that recorded in igure ).

Figure 2G re>uency of Air Temerature


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Figure 3G 'onthly of ourly Temerature Average

Figure 4G Relationshi between Total Rainfall by 'onthly

4.2 Solar Radiation

+


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Figure 10G 'onthly of ourly Temerature Average

4.3 Wind Speed

Figure 11G 'onthly of ourly Wind Seed


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Figure 12G 0aily of 'a=imum Wind Seed

Figure 13G Wind Class 0istribution

4.4 Wind Direction

(


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Figure 14G Wind 0irection Blowing rom

Figure 15G Wind 0irection Blowing To


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4.5 Relative Humidity

Figure 16G 'onthly ourly of Relative umidity

##


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Figure 17G 0aily 'a=imum and 'inimum of Relative umidity

(.) *eferences

"#$ R. Saidur! '. R. Islam! ?. A. Rahim! and %. . Solangi! A review

on global wind energy olicy!J 7enew. Sustain. Energy 7e".! vol. #)!

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"-$ B. C. Cochran and R. R. 0amiani! arvesting Wind 7ower from Tall

Buildings!J Wind. *++9! . #-! -5.

",$ '. . Al Buhairi! A STATISTICA& A?A&6SIS 2 WI?0 S7110

0ATA A?0 A? ASS1SS'1?T 2 WI?0 1?1RE6 72T1?TIA&

I? TAIL


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7enew. Sustain. Energy 7e".! vol. #)! no. )! . #-)#K#-/-! -#."##$ ?. Rosly and 6. 2hya! Wind 1nergy 7otential in Asean Countries K

Secial Attention To 'alaysia!J Wind Energy

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