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Observation of diurnal andnoncturnal variation of
urban microclimateTropical Climate in UTMKuala Lumpur Campus
Husna Aini Swarno
Dr. Sheikh Ahmad Zaki
Siti Wan Syahidah Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali
Wind Engineering for Urban, Artifiial, Man!made
En"ironment, Malaysia #a$an %nstitute of &ehnology,
U&M 'uala (um$ur, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
&his $a$er $resents an assessment of limatology season in U&M 'uala
(um$ur am$us area. &he data used are real!time weather data whih
obtained from the weather station by )am$bell Sientifi from Marh *+- to
ebruary *+/. &he weather station was installed at three $otential loations
on am$us. 0ne year data was analysed using ortran11 and the data were
analysed by daily, hourly and monthly. &he result indiates that the air
tem$erature around the am$us between */2) ! 3-2) and for the solar
radiation -4W5m6 ! 1+4 W5m6. Sine the am$us has a few rise building
suh as Menara 7a8ak, 9- metres height and Malaysia!#a$an %nternational %nstitute &ehnology, /3 metres height. &hus, the height of the rise building
was affeted the wind s$eed and wind diretion. &he wind s$eed a"erage is
about ./ : *./ m5s in the am$us area and somehow the wind s$eed were u$
to / m5s. Wind diretion also more from ;orth West diretion. &his study of
interest is for assessing the tro$ial limate in U&M am$us, hene to
generi the $otential of wind s$eed and wind diretion to install the miro
sale wind turbine if the wind s$eed is enough to generate the wind $ower
eletriity in the am$us.
Keywords: Wind energy, 7enewable Energy, Wind energy $otential
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1. Introduction
Wind energy is the large scale of gasses on earth which consist of the bulk
movement of air. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy to the mechanicalenergy. If the mechanical energy is used to roduce electricity! the device
may be called a wind generator or wind generator. Before installing the wind
ower system! a comrehensive study for the wind seed need to be done
before installing the wind ower system "#$.
%uala &umur is the caital of 'alaysia and the city covered an area
of () m* and oulation were estimated around #.+, million in -#/ as stated
in official ortal 0eartment of Statistic 'alaysia. %uala &umur is one of
the fastest growing metroolitan regions in South 1ast Asia in terms of
oulation and economy. 2ur scoe location focused in the camus area of
3T' International Camus! 4alan Semarak! %uala &umur. 3T'
International Camus was at the center of %uala &umur city used to be the
original camus of 3T' on &ot )/5- 4alan Sultan 6ahya 7etra 84alan
Semarak9! with total land area of )+./: acres. %uala &umur and its
surrounding urban areas form the most industriali;ed and economically! the
fastest growing region in 'alaysia. In fact! 3T' %& is located near to
'alaysia cityscae tower like 7etronas Twin Tower and %& Tower.
Construction of high building are showing an interest in reducing theenvironmental imact of a building area and one of the aroaches has been
used the ower generation from solar and wind energy "-$. According to I1A
Wind -# annual reort! wind energy will decrease the utili;ation of fuel
source and reduced the electricity cost. As we know! wind energy is a
renewable energy and becoming interactive because of the limitation of fossil
fuels reserve and the imacts to the environment. The sources of renewable
energy include solar! wind! wave! geothermal and bio
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
'alaysia currently cometed with other develoing country to
develo the renewable energy from available sources as an alternative energy.
Solar energy is the most focus in 'alaysia even though the field is limited
and this is because 'alaysia was located at the e>uator and become the factor to harvest the solar energy "/$. To recisely evaluate the renewable energy
otentials! historical data of the wind seed or solar radiation are analy;ed.
This acts as the first ste in siting the hybrid energy system ":$.
2. Wind Ener! Utili"ation in Mala!sia'alaysia was well known as one of the develoing countries among the
AS1A? country! which is located in Southeast Asia which comrise of Sabah
and Sarawak and the geograhical coordinates latitude -@, ? and longitude##-@, 1 "+$. 'alaysia has a hot and humid troical climate with two
monsoon seasons which are northeast and southwest monsoon. or the
?ortheast monsoon was blowing from 2ctober and ebruary and Southeast
monsoon from Aril to 2ctober. Temerature and umidity are high er
annually. 'eanwhile! wind seed is relatively low all over the year "5$.
'a=imum wind seeds occur during the afternoon and minimum seed
occurs Dust before sunrise and the attern controlled by convection in the
surface boundary layer as the ground were heated during sunrise and cooled
by radiation at night "+$.
'alaysia mostly surrounded by water! which can divide into West
'alaysia and 1ast 'alaysia. West 'alaysia consists of eninsular 'alaysia
which are divided into east eninsular 'alaysia and west eninsular
'alaysia. 'oreover! it is located between #@ and :@ latitude north and #@
to #)@ longitude east. ence! eninsular 'alaysia bordered by Thailand in
the north and the South China Sea on the east side! while the 'alacca Straits
at the west coast searates the eninsula from Sumatera! Indonesia. 1ast
'alaysia is bordered by the South China Sea along its northwest coast! by the
Sulu Sea and the Celebes Sea at the Sabah north area and the south side! it is bordered with %alimantan! Indonesia "($.
In 'alaysia! the wind energy conversion Based on the revious
study! #/ kW wind turbine has been installed in Terumbu &ayang
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the research regarding the wind energy otential. Wind data were collected
from # stations which distributed all over in 'alaysia 8: eninsular
'alaysia and ) in east 'alaysia! Sabah! and Sarawak9 for # years eriod
8#(5-
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
Figure 1G &ocation of the weather station installed
The details of the weather station installed at the station in camus area were
tabulated in Table #.
Table 1G 0etails of Weather Station
Weather
Station
eight from the ground
8metre9
'easurement 7roduct
# - Watch0og 8Cambell9
- - Watch0og 8Cambell9
, +# Cu Anemometer 8Cambell9
Two distinct seasons are noticed in this locationG northeast monsoon
season which in ?ovember to 'arch and southwest monsoon season which
in 'ay to Setember and the transition eriod in Aril and 2ctober "#-$. The
data were analysed using ortran++ and were average by daily! hourly and
monthly over one year eriod.
%. &ata 'nal!sis
This section was divided into several arameters which are air temerature!solar radiation! wind seed! wind direction and relative humidity.
/
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4.1 Air Temperature
The moving molecules seed within a material defines a measurement of
temerature. Chemical reactions are more likely to haen when themolecules move faster and collide with each other fre>uently. eat
accelerates the chemical reactions when molecules move raidly at high
temeratures and this leads to higher deterioration. The higher the chemical
reactions! were lead to high temerature! and the lower the temerature! the
slower rate of deterioration "#,$.
Referring to igure -! about :H the average of air temerature in
camus area between -5@C to ,@C! #)H temerature range -:@C to -5@C
and followed by -+H of temerature range ,@C and ,-@C. This result
indicated that the temerature in camus area slightly cool! because byreferring to igure )! it shows a high number of total rainfall by each month.
The highest total rainfall is in 2ctober -#) and the temerature was at -+@C.
igure , indicates monthly by hourly average temerature from 'arch -#)
until ebruary -#/. The temerature rose from +G am to #-G m and
started to decline at #-G m until #5G m. This is due to a high number of
total rainfall for all month that recorded in igure ).
Figure 2G re>uency of Air Temerature
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
Figure 3G 'onthly of ourly Temerature Average
Figure 4G Relationshi between Total Rainfall by 'onthly
4.2 Solar Radiation
+
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Figure 10G 'onthly of ourly Temerature Average
4.3 Wind Speed
Figure 11G 'onthly of ourly Wind Seed
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
Figure 12G 0aily of 'a=imum Wind Seed
Figure 13G Wind Class 0istribution
4.4 Wind Direction
(
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Figure 14G Wind 0irection Blowing rom
Figure 15G Wind 0irection Blowing To
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
4.5 Relative Humidity
Figure 16G 'onthly ourly of Relative umidity
##
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Figure 17G 0aily 'a=imum and 'inimum of Relative umidity
(.) *eferences
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Troical Climate in 3T' %uala &umur Camus
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