First AidTraining

Welcome

Paediatric

• Access to a phone

• Who will care for the children?

• First aid box

• Children’s record forms

• Fire escape plan

• Instructions for the parents

• List of important phone numbers

Planning for an emergency2

Preserve Life

Prevent Worsening

Promote Recovery

The aims of first aid

P

P

P

Priorities of treatment – Primary survey3

Danger

Response

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

DRABC

Resuscitation flow chart4

Remove Danger

YES

Open AirwayA

Normal Breathing?

Call 999/112 NowIf the casualty is a child and you have to

leave them, do 1 minute of CPR first.

NO

B

Danger?D

Response?

NO

NO

Help!

R

Resuscitation For a child or baby – give 5 initial rescue breaths. Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. Only stop to recheck the child if they start to wake up AND start breathing normally.

30 to 2

Danger

Response

Airway

D

R

A

B

Resuscitation6-13

Breathing Normally?

WARNING:

“In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a casualty may be barely

breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy gasps. These are known as ‘agonal’

gasps, and should not be confused with normal breathing.”

If you are in doubt, start CPR.

Resuscitation6-13

First aiders can use the adult sequence of resuscitation on a

child or baby who is unresponsive and not breathing.

Child and baby CPR10-13

The following minor modifications to the adult sequence will, however, make it even more suitable for use in children:

If you are on your own, perform resuscitation for about 1 minute before going for help

Give five initial rescue breaths before starting chest compressions

For a babyunder 1 year, use two fingers

For a child over 1 year,use one or two handsto achieve an adequate depth

Compress the chest by at least one-third of its depth:

Child and baby CPR10-13

Primary Survey First – DRABC

Recovery Position?

History, Signs and Symptoms

Head and Neck

Shoulders and Chest

Abdomen and Pelvis

Legs and Arms

Pockets and Clues

Secondary survey14

The respiratory system

The respiratory system

Choking adult or child16-18

Cough! 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts

Choking child16

5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts

5 Chest Thrusts

Choking baby17

5 Back Blows

Start CPR!

Choking – unconscious casualty17

Picture: Many Thanks to the Anaphylaxis Campaign.

Anaphylaxis19

Inhaler

Spacer device

Asthma20

Circulatory system22

Blood loss22

About one third

Sit or Lay

Examine

Elevate

Pressure

Bleeding23

S

E

E

P

Indirect pressure points23

Types of wound – laceration

Types of wound – laceration

Types of wound – laceration

Types of wound – puncture wound

Types of wound – amputation

• Ingested

• Inhaled

• Absorbed

• Injected

• Corrosive

• Non-corrosive

Poisons28

Size

Cause

Age

Location

Depth

Severity of burns30

SCALD

1%

Burns – estimating the area30

Burns30

Burns treatment30

1

2

3

COOL!

REMOVE

DRESS

Broken bones – The skeleton32

Types of fracture32

OpenClosed

Complicated Green Stick

Types of fracture – closed

Types of fracture – open

Note the poor aseptic technique!

Types of fracture – open fracture

Types of fracture – open fracture

Dislocation

Dislocated

Normal

Pain

Loss of power

Unnatural movement

Swelling or bruising

Deformity

Irregularity

Crepitus

Tenderness

Broken bones – signs and symptoms32

Rest

Ice

Compression

Elevation

Sprains and strains33

RICE

Serious head injuries – Compression34

Serious head injuries – Compression34

Concussion Compression

Unconsciousness for a short period, followed by an increase in levels of response and recovery.

Could have a history of recent head injury with apparent recovery, but then deteriorates.

Short term memory loss (particularly of the

incident). Confusion, irritability.Levels of response become worse as condition develops.

Mild, general headache. Intense headache.

Pale, clammy skin. Flushed, dry skin.

Shallow / normal breathing. Deep, noisy, slow breathing.(Pressure on the respiratory control area of the brain)

Rapid, weak pulse. (Blood diverts away from the extremities)

Slow, strong pulse. (Caused by raised blood pressure)

Normal pupils, reacting to light. One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain.

Possible nausea or vomiting on recovery.

Condition becomes worse. Fits may occur. No recovery.

Serious head injuries34

Pupils34

Normal

Unequal

Dilated

Sickle Cell37

Sickle Cell37

Red Flag early warning signs!• Cold hands and feet• Pain in the limbs or joints• Abnormal skin colour (pallor or mottling)

Other signs, which can occur later:• Fever and vomiting• Rash that doesn’t fade with tumbler test• Drowsiness or lowered levels of consciousness• Severe headache• Stiff neck (rare)• Dislike of bright lights (rare)

Meningitis38

Meningitis38

insulin

Fixed amount injected:

Burns up sugar! To balance the insulin taken.

Diabetes39

Eaten:

sugar

Diabetes – untreated39

insulin

sugar

sugar

insulin

Overdosedon insulin

Or not eaten enough food;

Or over exercised.

Diabetes – low blood sugar39

Oxygen + FoodOxygen + Food == EnergyEnergy == LIFELIFE

Why is low blood sugar so dangerous?

Brain cells can only use glucoseglucose (sugar) for energy.

Diabetes – low blood sugar39

High Blood Sugar Low Blood Sugar

Onset Slow Fast

Levels of response

Deteriorate slowly Deteriorate rapidly

Skin Dry and Warm Pale, cold, sweaty

Breathing Deep sighing breaths Shallow and rapid

Pulse Rapid Rapid

Other symptoms

Excessive urinationVery thirsty

HungerFruity smell on breath

May be confused for drunkenness

Diabetes39

• Febrile Convulsions

• Epilepsy

• Head Injury

• Lack of Oxygen

• Stroke

Seizures in children – main causes40

Body temperature41-44

Normal Body Temperature

Mild Hypothermia

Severe Hypothermia

Heat Exhaustion / Febrile Convulsions

Heat Stroke / Febrile Convulsions