fire protection 101

Fire Protection 101

TS 100-2-4

Wednesday, November 3, 2010, 8:30am-9:45am

Todd Stevens, CFPS

Fire Protection 101

Presented by:

Todd Stevens

Viking Corporation

NFPA 13

Hazard Classifications

Automatic Sprinklers

History

Identification

Control Mode Sprinklers

Storage Applications

Residential

Agenda

Fire Protection 101

NFPA - National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler

Systems (2010 edition)

Fire Protection 101

NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler

Systems (2010 edition)

Chap. 1 - Administration

Chap. 2 Referenced Publications

Chap. 3 Definitions

Chap. 4 General Requirements

Chap. 5 Classifications of Occupancies and

Commodities

Chap. 6 System Components and Hardware

Chap. 7 System Requirements

Fire Protection 101

Chap. 8 Installation Requirements

Chap. 9 Hanging, Bracing and Restraint of System

Piping

Chap. 10 Underground Piping

Chap. 11 Design Approaches

Chap. 12 General Requirements for Storage

Chap. 13 Miscellaneous Storage

Chap. 14 Protection of Class I to Class IV

Commodities that are Stored Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin

Boxes, Shelf Storage or Back to Back Shelf Storage

Fire Protection 101

Chap. 15 Protection of Plastic and Rubber

Commodities that are Stored Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin

Boxes, Shelf Storage or Back to Back Shelf Storage

Chap. 16 Protection of Class I Through Class IV

Commodities that are Stored on Racks

Chap. 17 Protection of Plastic and Rubber

Commodities that are Stored on Racks

Chap. 18 Protection of Rubber Tire Storage

Chap. 19 Protection of Roll Paper

Chap. 20 Special Design of Storage Protection

Fire Protection 101

Chap. 21 Special Occupancy Requirements

Chap. 22 Plans and Calculations

Chap. 23 Water Supplies

Chap. 24 System Acceptance

Chap. 25 Marine Systems

Chap. 26 System Inspection, Testing and

Maintenance


NFPA 13 Classification of Occupancies

Light Hazard

Ordinary Hazard (Group 1)


Extra Hazard (Group 1)



Light Hazard

Low combustibility of contents

Low rates of heat release

http://davita.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/hospital.jpg



Moderate amounts of combustible contents

Moderate rates of heat release



Moderate to High combustible contents

Moderate to High rates of heat release



Very High combustibility

High rates of heat release



Substantial amounts of Flammable or Combustible Liquids


Storage Occupancies

Type of Commodity

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Plastics

Group A

Group B

Group C

Sprinkler Hydraulics

NFPA 13 (2010 ed.) Density / Area Curve

Figure 11.2.3.1.1

Sprinklers

Fire Triangle

Fire TriangleFire Tetrahedron

Goal is to remove one of the three elements to

eliminate the reaction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_triangle.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_tetrahedron.svg

History of Sprinklers

1852 - Mill owners in New England developed

perforated piping systems activated by a manual control

valve.

1874 - Henry S. Parmalee of New Haven, CT created

and installed the first automatic fire sprinkler system

using solder that melted in a fire to plug holes in the

otherwise open water pipes.

1881 - Frederick Grinnell of Providence, RI patented

the first sensitive automatic sprinkler and incorporated it

with a tooth-edged deflector and -inch orifice.

History of Sprinklers

1895 - The National Fire Protection Association was

founded in Boston. The NFPA set standards for

automatic sprinklers and by 1899 requirements became

uniform throughout the United States and Canada.

1913 Studies showed that after 38 years of fire

sprinkler installation only five people had lost their lives in

a sprinkler facility.

Today - NFPA is responsible for 300 codes and

standards designed to minimize the risk and effects of

fire by establishing criteria for building, processing,

design, service, and installation throughout the World.

The components that make up a sprinkler head are:

Frame or castingDeflectorFusible element or frangible bulbPip CapPintle ScrewBelleville Spring

A low zinc content brass provides a more resilient frame or casting.

The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.

Materials of Construction

UL & c-UL (ULC) NFPA & UL Requirements

FM FM Requirements

(NFPA = minimum)

LPC LPC Standard

VDS VDS Standard

NYC & LA Specific City approvals

AGENCY STANDARD

Laboratory Approvals

Control Mode

Standard Coverage / SR or QR

Extended Coverage / SR or QR

Control Mode Special Application

Suppression

ESFR - Early Suppression Fast Response

Residential

Types of Sprinklers

Control mode sprinklers are separated in the following

categories:

Standard Coverage

Standard Response / Quick Response

Extended Coverage


Dry Barrel


Storage


Types of Sprinklers

Sprinkler Identification

155 F 175 F 200or212 F 286 F 360 F 500 F

(68 C) (79 C) (93or100 C) (141 C) (182 C) (260 C)

Ordinary Intermediate High Extra Ultra

High High

Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil Max Ceil Max Ceil

Temp Temp Temp Temp Temp

100 F 150 F 225 F 300 F 465 F

(38 C) (65 C) (107 C) (149 C) (240 C)

Red Yellow Green Blue Mauve Black

Standard Response Elements 5 mm bulb

155 F 175 F 200or212 F 286 F

(68 C) (79 C) (93or100 C) (141 C)

Ordinary Intermediate High

Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil

Temp Temp Temp

100 F 150 F 225 F

(38 C) (65 C) (107 C)

Red Yellow Green Blue

Fast Response Elements 3 mm bulb

Installed on the top of the sprinkler piping

Upright Sprinklers


Pendent sprinkler

fed through a ceiling

Pendent sprinkler

on exposed piping

Pendent Sprinklers are Installed on bottom of piping or through a ceiling


Sidewall Sprinklers are generally installed through a wall

Horizontal Sidewall Sprinkler



K Factors:

K factors are known as the coefficient of discharge.

The larger the K factor in number, the more water it

can discharge at a given pressure. There are (3)

current thread sizes used for sprinkler heads, , ,

and 1 threads.

Do not just match the thread size when replacing a

sprinkler head. Identify what orientation, K factor, and

temperature prior to replacing a sprinkler.

K % of 5.6 Thread K % of 5.6 Thread

1.4 25% 14.0 250%

1.9 33.3% 16.8 300%

2.8 50% 19.6 350% 1

4.2 75% 22.4 400% 1

Baseline

5.6 100% 25.2 450% 1

8.0 140% 28.0 500% 1

11.2 200%


Spray Patterns

Standard Spray

Conventional Old Style 40% to 60% Initially Downward

Residential Wall Wetting

NFPA 13 (2010 ed.) Figure A 8.5.5.1

Thermal Sensitivity

Are Fast Response and Quick Response the same?

Thermal Sensitivity

Standard Response

3 Min. 51 Sec. Room Fire Test

100 Sec. Plunge Test

Quick Response

75 Sec. Room Fire Test

14 Sec. Plunge Test

Residential

Special Fire Test

14 Sec. Plunge

Thermal Sensitivity

Response Time Index

RTI - measures the speed of

response of the heat sensitive

element

Fast Response Sprinklers:

RTI of 50 (m-sec)1/2 or less.

Standard Response

Sprinklers:

RTI of 80 (m-sec)1/2 or more.

Standard Coverage Sprinklers

Standard Response Sprinklers

Standard Coverage / Standard Response Sprinklers

Utilized in mercantile, manufacturing, general assembly,

storage applications

Quick Response Sprinklers

Standard Coverage / Quick Response Sprinklers

Quick Response Sprinklers are required to be installed in

all new Light Hazard Occupancies


Area of Coverage

Light Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 225 sq. ft. max

Ordinary Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 130 sq. ft. max

Extra Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 100 sq. ft. max

Control Mode Sprinklers

SprinklersControl Mode Sprinklers

Minimum operating pressure is 7 psi.

Flow rate per sprinkler equals:

Area x Density

Or

K-Factor x square root of minimum pressure

(which ever is greater)

Q = K x P

Q = Area x Density

Q = K x P

P = (Q / K)2

K = Q / P

Q = Area x Density

Q = Water Flow

K = Coefficient of

Discharge

P = Pressure

Sprinkler Hydraulics

Area of a Sprinkler

A = S x LNFPA 13 (2010) 8.5.2.1

5

10

66 13

S = 13

L = 10

A = 13 x 10

A = 130 sq.ft.


15

15

A = 15 x 15

A = 225 sq.ft.


15

Light Hazard = .10 gpm per sq. ft.

Minimum flow rate for sprinklers spaced 225 sq. ft.

Area x density = Q

225 sq.ft. x .10 gpm per sq. ft. = 22.5 gpm

10

13

A = 13 x 10

A = 130 sq.ft.


13

Ordinary Hazard Group 1 = .15 gpm per sq. ft.


Area x density = Q


10

10

A = 10 x 10

A = 100 sq.ft.


10

Extra Hazard Group 1 = .3 gpm per sq. ft.


Area x density = Q

100 sq.ft. x .3 gpm per sq. ft. = 30 gpm


Pendent & Uprights

15 gpm for K 5.6 at 7 psi



Q = K x P


Hazard Max Area of

coverage Density

Minimum

water flow

K 5.6

Light 225 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. 22.5 gpm 16.1 psi

Ord. Gr 1 130 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 19.5 gpm 12.1 psi

Ord. Gr 2 130 ft .20 gpm/sq ft. 26 gpm 21.6 psi

Ex. Gr 1 100 ft .30 gpm/sq ft. 30 gpm 28.7 psi

Ex. Gr 2 100 ft .40 gpm/sq ft. 40 gpm 51 psi

Standard Sprinkler Minimum Design


Hazard Max Area of

coverage Density

Minimum

water flow

K 8.0


Ord. Gr 1 130 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. (19.5 gpm)

21.1 gpm

(6 psi)

7 psi





= Over-Discharge


Hazard Max Area of

coverage Density

Minimum

water flow

K 11.2

Light 225 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. (22.5 gpm)

29.6 gpm

(4 psi)

7 psi

Ord. Gr 1 130 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. (19.5 gpm)

29.6 gpm

(3 psi)

7 psi

Ord. Gr 2 130 ft .20 gpm/sq ft. (26 gpm)

29.6 gpm

(5.3 psi)

7 psi




= Over-Discharge


Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers

NFPA 13 (2010) Chapter 8.6

8.6.2 Protection Areas per Sprinkler

8.6.3 Sprinkler Spacing

8.6.4 Deflector Position

8.6.5 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge

8.6.6 Clearance to Storage

8.6.7 Ceiling Pockets


(Note: Must be listed for Ordinary Hazard)


Area of Coverage

Light Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 196 sq. ft. max

Ordinary Hazard (as defined by NFPA 13) : 100 sq. ft. max

Sidewall Sprinklers

1414

Sidewall Sprinklers

14

Light Hazard = .10 gpm per sq. ft.


Area x density = Q


1010

Sidewall Sprinklers

10



Area x density = Q


Hazard Max Area of

coverage Density

Minimum

water flow

K 5.6




Sidewall Sprinklers

Sidewall Standard Coverage Sprinkler Minimum Design

Hazard Max Area of

coverage Density

Minimum

water flow

K 8.0

Light 196 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. (19.6 gpm)

21.1 gpm

(6 psi)

7 psi


21.1 gpm

(3.5 psi)

7 psi


21.1 gpm

(6.25) psi

7 psi

= Over-Discharge

Sidewall Sprinklers

Sidewall Standard Coverage Sprinkler Minimum Design

Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinklers







Sidewall Sprinklers

Extended Coverage Sprinklers

Extended Coverage Sprinklers allow for fewer sprinklers to be

installed in an application. Extended coverage covers a greater

floor area than standard coverage sprinklers.



Area of Coverage

400 sq. ft. max per NFPA

Spacing is in increments of 2-0.

12 x 12, 14x14 16x16, 18x18, 20x20


Spacing Area of

coverage

Light Hazard

Density

Minimum

water flow

* % Fewer

Sprinklers

16x16 256 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. 25.6 gpm 13%

18x18 324 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. 32.4 gpm 30%

20x20 400 ft .10 gpm/sq ft. 40 gpm 44%

ECLH Sprinkler Minimum Design

*Based on a 225 sq. ft. coverage area for standard coverage upright and pendent


Spacing Area of

coverage

Ord. Group l

Density

Minimum

water flow

* % Fewer

Sprinklers

12x12 144 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 21.6 gpm 10%

14x14 196 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 29.4 gpm 35%

16x16 256 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 38.4 gpm 50%

18x18 324 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 48.6 gpm 60%

20x20 400 ft .15 gpm/sq ft. 60 gpm 66%


ECOH Sprinkler Minimum Design (must be listed for OH)

*Based on a 130 sq. ft. coverage area for standard coverage upright and pendent

Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray

Sprinklers







8.8.7 Ceiling Pockets



Extended Coverage Sidewalls

Area of Coverage

400 sq. ft. max per NFPA

Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers







Corrosion Resistant Sprinklers

Corrosion Resistant Sprinklers are sprinklers that are

manufactured with a special coating or special materials to

resist atmospheres that would be corrosive to a standard

finish sprinkler

Corrosion Resistant Sprinkler

Note: Corrosion resistance does not mean corrosion proof

Corrosion Resistant Sprinklers

Brass Finish

Chrome Finish

White Polyester

Black Polyester

Black Teflon

Wax Coated

Wax over Polyester

Stainless Steel

Dry Barrel Sprinklers


Dry barrel sprinklers

Custom made sprinklers

Installed on dry pipe system, pre-action systems, or fed

from a wet system to protect an area subject to freezing

Must be installed in a Tee fitting

Seal Assembly

Bellville Spring

Coated Steel Barrel

Circular Crush Seal

Split Seat

Frame

Deflector

Frangible bulb

Dry Upright Sprinkler Dry Barrel Sprinkler Components


Sprinklers Used in Storage Occupancies



Rolled Paper Storage

Rack Storage

Palletized Storage

Idle Pallet Storage

Miscellaneous Storage

Shelf Storage

Rubber Tire Storage

Baled Cotton Storage

http://www.portbris.com.au/asp/media/photogallery/default.asp


Storage Fires are very demanding and require more

water to control them than standard occupancy hazards.

5.6 K factor sprinklers are limited to densities of .20 gpm

per sq. ft. and lower.

8.0 K factor sprinklers are limited to densities of .34 gpm

per sq. ft. and lower.

Densities greater than .34 gpm per sq. ft. require K

factors of 11.2 or larger.


Why Larger K Factors?

Develop larger water droplets that are able to penetrate

the fire plume and the thermal updraft.

Discharge the same water flow rate at much lower

pressures

Lower starting pressures may allow smaller pipe sizes,

lowering the total cost.


Densities greater than .25 require limit the area of

standard coverage sprinklers used to 100 sq. ft.

Minimum 7 PSI

Larger Densities will require higher starting pressures

K Factor Flow Rate Starting Pressure

5.6 26 gpm 21.55 psi

8.0 26 gpm 10.56 psi

11.2 26 gpm

29.63 gpm

5.11 psi

7 psi

16.8 26 gpm

44.44 gpm

2.39 psi

7 psi

.20 gpm per sq. ft x 130 sq. ft. = 26 gpm

Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers

= Over-Discharge


5.6 25 gpm 19.92 psi

8.0 25 gpm 9.76 psi

11.2 25 gpm

29.63 gpm

4.98 psi

7 psi

16.8 25 gpm

44.44 gpm

2.21 psi

7 psi


= Over-Discharge



5.6 30 gpm 28.6 psi

8.0 30 gpm 14.06 psi

11.2 30 gpm 7.17 psi

16.8 30 gpm

44.44 gpm

3.18 psi

7 psi


= Over-Discharge



5.6 45 gpm 64.57 psi

8.0 45 gpm 31.64 psi

11.2 45 gpm 16.14 psi

16.8 45 gpm 7.17 psi




5.6 60 gpm 114.7 psi

8.0 60 gpm 56.25 psi

11.2 60 gpm 28.6 psi

16.8 60 gpm 12.75 psi



In-Rack Sprinklers

In-Rack Sprinklers (Intermediate level sprinklers)

If storage exceeds 25-0 in-racks and control mode

sprinklers are utilized, levels of in-rack sprinklers are

within the rack structure.

In-rack sprinklers require 3 water shields to protect

their operating elements from the ceiling sprinklers.

In-rack sprinklers are intermediate level sprinklers, as

there is at least one level of sprinklers above them.

In-Rack Sprinklers (Intermediate level sprinklers)

K factors of 5.6 and 8.0, or 11.2.

In-rack sprinklers are usually located in the longitudinal

flue space of the rack, but can be located at the face of

the rack or within the storage space

Racks with solid barriers require levels of in-rack

sprinklers above the storage where the solid barriers

exist.

In-Rack Sprinklers

In-Rack Sprinkler

With Water Shield

In-Rack Sprinklers

Control Mode Sprinkler

Control Mode Special Application

CSMA Sprinklers (Control Mode Special Application)

Can eliminate in-rack sprinklers

Minimum 11.2 K Factor

Wet, Dry or Preaction Systems, accordance with listing


25 ft (7.6m) 30 ft (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 35 ft (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

35 ft. (10.7m) 40 ft (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 25 ft. (7.6m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

35 ft. (10.7m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 25 ft. (7.6m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

35 ft. (10.7m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 25 ft. (7.6m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

25 ft. (7.6m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 25 PSI (1.7bar)

30 ft. (9.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

35 ft. (10.7m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 25 ft. (7.6m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 30 ft. (9.1m) 16 PSI (1.1bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 35 ft. (10.7m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

20 ft. (6.1m) 40 ft. (12.2m) 30 PSI (2.06bar)

15

15

15

15On Floor Idle Wood Pallets

15

Cartoned Un-

expanded Plastics

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

Single-Row, Double-

Row, and Multiple-

Row Rack (no open-

top containers)

Class l, ll, lll, and lV

commodities

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

Class l, ll, lll, and lV

commodities

Palletized and Solid

Piled

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

Cartoned Un-

expanded Plastics

Palletized and Solid

Storage of Plastic and

Rubber Commodities

(no open-top

containers or solid

shelves)

Single-Row, Double-

Row, and Multiple-

Row Rack (no open-

top containers)

Note: Hose stream allowance is 500 gpm (1900 lpm)

Minimum Operating

Pressure

Configuration Commodity Class

VK 592 (K 19.6) Pendent Control Mode Special Application (CMSA) Sprinkler

Number of Design

Sprinklers

15

15

15

Maximum Storage

Height

Maximum

Ceiling/Roof Height

Early Suppression Fast Response

ESFR Sprinklers (Early Suppression Fast Response)

Developed by Factory Mutual in the early 1980s.

Suppression sprinklers meaning these type of sprinklers

are designed not to control a fire, but to suppress the fire.

Class l, Class ll, Class lll, Class lV, commodities and

plastic commodities

Can eliminate in-rack sprinklers

Limited to wet type sprinkler systems

Calculating the (12) most remote sprinklers

Buildings must have flat ceilings or roofs. (No greater

than 2 inches in 12 inches.)


ESFR Sprinklers

Eliminate In-Rack

Sprinklers in most

Cases


SPRAY PATTERN FOR ESFR PENDENT SPRINKLER


Make note of obstruction rules. NFPA 13 (2010) Chapter

8.12

36 Clearance or greater between deflector and top of

storage

Avoid obstructions directly below Pendent ESFRs

Obstructions can cause more sprinklers to activate than

designed


Skipping


Upright sprinklers may allow for less obstruction

concerns per their listing

Full scale fire tests have been performed to prove small

obstructions did not negatively effect the performance of

some upright ESFR sprinklers.

Make sure to review manufactures requirements

Factory Mutual Test Facility

Upright ESFR


Obstruction to pendent

ESFR.

Many times obstructions

occur after the sprinklers

are installed.

Other trades may install

materials below pendent

ESFRs, obstructing the

sprinkler.


When room exists above

the sprinkler line for an

upright ESFR sprinkler,

turning the outlet 180

and installing an upright

ESFR is a cost effective

method of repairing the

problem.


Ceiling Height Minimum

Pressure

Flow Rate

30 ft and less 50 PSI 98.99 GPM

40 ft to greater

than 30 ft

75 PSI 121.2 GPM

Minimum K14 Design Pressure and Flow Rate

*Refer to Specific Design Standard for Commodity Storage

And specific application installation requirements.


Ceiling Height Minimum

Pressure

Flow Rate

30 ft and less 35 PSI 98.99 GPM

40 ft to greater

than 30 ft

52 PSI 121.2 GPM

Minimum K16.8 Design Pressure and Flow Rate


*Refer to Specific Design Standard for Commodity Storage

And specific application installation requirements.

Storage

Height

Ceiling

Height

UL FM

40 45 159.3 gpm

40 psi

178.1 gpm

50 psi

35 40 126 gpm

25 psi

159.3 gpm

40 psi

30 35 112.6 gpm

20 psi

138 gpm

30 psi

25 30 97.5 gpm

15 psi

112.6 gpm

20 psi


Minimum K 25.2 Design Pressure and Flow Rate

Residential Sprinklers


Residential Sprinklers are the largest growth market for the

sprinkler industry.

International Residential Code


As the name suggest, these sprinklers are installed in homes,

apartments, dormitories, hotels, motels.

NFPA 13D

NFPA 13R

NFPA 13

http://www.homefinders.com/county_maps/virginia/maps/Home for sale in Spotsylvania-l.jpg


UL 1626, Residential Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service

Standard published and used by UL to evaluate the

performance of a residential sprinkler. The testing

procedure verifies the thermal sensitivity and water

distribution characteristics.

Plunge Test

Room Test

Residential Sprinkler Room Test

Provide safety to the occupant and allow safe egress

Temperature cannot exceed 600 F 3 below the ceiling

The maximum temperature at 5-3 above the floor is

200 F

The temperature 5-3 above the floor shall not exceed

130 F for any continuous 2 minute period

The maximum ceiling material temperature behind

the finished ceiling surface shall not exceed 500 F.



Residential Sprinkler Room Test

(2) residential sprinklers are located in the room for their

coverage area

Pendent sprinkler coverage's 12x12, 14x14, 16x16,

18x18, and 20x20

Sidewall sprinklers coverage are typically 14x14,

16x16, 16x18, 16x20, 16x22, 18x18 and 20x20.

A third sprinkler is located near an open door, if the

sprinkler activates at any time during the test, the test is

considered a failure.


Wall Wetting Characteristics

28 is the maximum distance down from the ceiling on

the wall that is not being wet.

Sidewall sprinklers must direct 5% of their discharge

upon the wall on which they are installed.

Spray is in a very flat pattern. Obstructions such

as sloped ceilings, beams, ceiling fans, and lights can

inhibit the performance.


The minimum design criteria for residential sprinklers

per UL And NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R is to provide a

minimum .05 gpm per sq. ft. over the area of protection.

NFPA 13 requires that the minimum design criteria for

residential sprinklers or residential occupancies be a .10

gpm per sq. ft.

Other Sprinkler Types

Institutional Sprinklers are utilized in jails, penitentiaries, mental

hospitals, juvenile wards, and other places where long term

incarceration is practiced.

Institutional Sprinklers

Tamper Resistant

Lockable Escutcheons

Retaining Flange

Drop weight rating

Institutional Sprinklers

Combustible Concealed Space

Sprinklers

Interstitial Space Sprinklers

An Upright Sprinkler

Spray patterns different from standard spray upright sprinklers

Spray Nozzles are special discharge devices normally utilized

on deluge systems to protect the entire surface area of an

object

Model E

A-D Series

Model M Window Sprinkler

Spray Nozzles

Sprinkler Accessories are products that are attached to a

sprinkler such as a head guard or are part of the sprinklers

finish installation such as an escutcheon

Sprinkler Accessories

Square Cover Plate

In the Box Thinking

3

Sprinkler Aesthetics

Standard Cover Plate

2 Outside Diameter

Large Cover Plate

3 5/16 Outside Diameter

Sprinkler Aesthetics

MRI Facilities

Concealed Sprinkler for MRI facilities

Non Magnetic Materials

Special Applications

Cleanroom Environments

Gasketed Concealed Coverplate

Conclusion

What did we learn?

Thank You

Todd Stevens

[email protected]

910-215-0262

mailto:[email protected]

TS 100-2-4TS 100-2-4_handout

fire protection 101

Documents