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Fire Hydrant SystemFebruary 2018, Kalidasan S
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Overview of Fire Protection
Today most of the equipment's used in offices, Industries and at home are highly sophisticated andhigh-end equipment's. Every workplace has mission critical areas that need to be protected from firehazard not only to save life and property but also to ensure that the enterprise does not come to astand still.
The most common fuels in fire and explosion incidents are petroleum products, cellulose materials(wood, paper, cloth) and polymers.
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The Combustion Process
The combustion process will continue as long as the conditions or a chemical reaction exist
Extinguishment can be achieved by removal of any 1 or more elements: Heat, Fuel or Oxygen
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Type of Fire Protection Systems
Fire
Protection System
Water
Based System
Gas
Based Systems
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Water based Systems
Water Based Systems
Yard
Hydrant
System
Wet Riser
System
Sprinkler
System
Spray
System
Foam
System
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STANDARDS/CODES FOLLOWED FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
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HAND HELD EXTINGUISHERS
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Types of Fires & Media
Suitable Media
Water
Foam
Gas
D C P
Wet Chemical
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TYPE OF EXTINGUISHERS TO BE USED
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TYPE OF EXTINGUISHERS TO BE USED
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EXTINGUISHER OPERATION
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EXTINGUIHSER OPERATION
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EXTINGUIHSER OPERATION
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SIGNAGE FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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EXTINGUISHER IMAGES
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EXTINGUISHER IMAGES
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FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
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HYDRANT SYSTEM
Network of piping installed underground or overhead around various facilities withhydrant stand posts fitted with landing valves at regular intervals or at distances fromthe protected risks according to the occupancies.
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HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
PUMPS
Jockey pumpElectrical pumpDiesel Pump
Heavy or Medium GradeMS or GI PIPES
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HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
HYDRANT VALVES
HOSE BOXES
HOSES
NOZZLES & BRANCH PIPES
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HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
FIRE BRIGADE INLET
ISOLATION VALVES
AIR RELEASE VALVE
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HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
WATER MONITOR FOAM MONITOR
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HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS
WRAPPING & COATING (Under Ground PIPES
PEDESTAL (Above Ground PIPES)
UNDER GROUND VALVE CHAMBER
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FIRE PUMP ROOM
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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM
PUDDLE FLANGES
SUCTION SIDE VALVES
Y-STRAINER
JOCKEY PUMP TO MAINATAIN LINE PRESSEURE
ELECTRICAL PUMPS FOR HYDRANT & SPRINKLERS
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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM
DIESEL ENGINE PUMP FOR SPRINKLER & HYDRANTS
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COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM
NON RETURN VALVEDELIVERY SIDE ISOLATION VALVESTEST ARRAY LINE PRESSURE GUAGEPRESSURE SWITCH
FLOW METER
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PUMP MCC PANELS
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OPERATING PRESSURE
PUMPS PRESSURE (KG/ SQ.CM)
JOCKEY 8 KG/ SQ.CM
ELECRICAL 5 KG/ SQ.CM
DIESEL 4 KG/ SQ.CM
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PUMPS OPERATION
PUMPS ON OFF
JOCKEY AUTO AUTO
ELECRICAL AUTO MANUAL
DIESEL AUTO MANUAL
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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT
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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - POSITIVE SUCTION
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POSITIVE SUCTION
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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - NEGATIVE SUCTION
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TYPES OF HAZARD
LIGHT HAZARD
EG:HOSPITALS,HOTELS,INSTITIUTIONS,LIBRARIES,LAUNDRIES,MUSE
UMS AND NURSING HOMES,OFFICE
BUILDING,PRIOSNS , SCHOOL AND COLLEGS,ETC
MODERATE (OR) ORDINARY HAZARD
EG:TEXTILE ,PAPER MILLS , CHEMICAL UNITS
,ENGINEERING WORK SHOP,LABORITIES,WAX,
VERMICELLY AND PRINTING PRESS,ETC.
HIGH HAZARD –A & B
EG:PAINT FACTORIES,OIL
MILLS,PETROCHEMICALS AND REFINERIES
STORAGE HAZARD
EG:WARE HOUSES
DESIGN CRITERIA
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HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA
Type of Hazard being protected (light or ordinary or high hazard)Number of hydrants required for all the facilitiesAdequate sizing of pipes in the hydrant network to achieve appropriate
dischargeAssumption of two simultaneous major fires in vulnerable areasCombined protection of tankages and pressured storage vessels by water
spray systems
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HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA
Combined protection of tankages by foam systemsProtection of transformers, cable cellars etc., by water spray systemsAdequate selection of fire water pumpsProvision of water for the installed pumping capacityTrained manpower to handle disastrous situationsOther relevant considerations if any for the type of riskCompliance to relevant codes for design
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Hydrant Placement
Yard hydrants At every 45, 30M periphery of the buildings for light,ordinary and high hazard risks situated between 1.5 M to 15M fromexternal walls
Internal Hose reels to be provided that no part of the building inside is atmore than 30M from the nearest internal Hose reel
Upper floors : All upper floors shall be protected with hydrant wetrisers,landing valves located at each landing of external/protected internalstaircases as below:
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Hydrant System
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Wet Riser System
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Spray System for LPG Bullets
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Spray System for the LPG Sphere
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PUMP CAPACITY
A) Light HazardA) Light HazardNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 96 M3 per hour at 5.6 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 100 171 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 1 hour of pump run subject to a minimum of 135M3
B) Ordinary HazardB) Ordinary HazardNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 273 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 100 273 M3 per hour plus additional 273 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 2 hours pump Run
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PUMP CAPACITY
C) High Hazard C) High Hazard -- AANumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Up to 20 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 100 410 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 3 hours pump Run
D) High Hazard D) High Hazard -- BBNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)
Upto 20 Two of 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2
More than 100 Two of 410 M3 per hour plus additional 410 M3 per hour for every 200 hydrants or part thereof at 8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2
Water requirement shall be at least 4 hours pump Run
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PIPE SIZING(WHEN THE NUMBER OF HYDRANTS IS LESS THAN 100)
Number of hydrants in the whole system
Size of Mains in mm
Percentage of all mains including terminals and
risers
1 to 5 100 100% 6 to 20 100 60%
125 40% 21 to 55 100 45%
125 35% 150 20%
56 to 100 100 35% 125 40% 150 25%
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YARD HYDRANT
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YARD HYDRANT
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YARD HYDRANT
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DOWN COMER SYSTEM
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WET RISER SYSTEM
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HYDRANT SYSTEM LAYOUT
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Foam System
Foam is a blanking agent and the principle of extinguishment is oxygen exclusion coupled with the prevention of hydrocarbon fuel vapors being released from fire and the cooling effects of the water content.
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Foam System
Therefore it is mainly used for fighting fires on flammable liquids. Inmodern foam systems, foam concentrate is mixed with water, usually in theratio from 3% to 6% and passed through an aerating device so creating afoam which can have expansion ratios varying from7.5% to 20 Low expansion20 to 250 Medium expansion250 to 1000 High expansion
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Foam System
The quantity of foam required is different for variety of risks and differenttypes of tanks. The application time is also specified in relevant codes
The stock of foam compound to be maintained shall be equivalent to atleast two times the requirement of the tank needing maximum quantity offoam.
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Foam System for Oil Tank
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IMAGES OF FOAM MONITOR
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Thank You
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