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2/92

FIRE

P ROTECT ION MANUAL l

F I R E

PROTECTION MANUAL

P R E F A C E

The

First Edition of

this Manual w as

issued

by the

Calcutta Fire Insurance

Association

in

1906

an d was

brought up-to-date and re-issued in 1930.

T he

third, fo urth and fifth

Edit ions were

published

jointly

by the

Insurance Associations

of India

and Pakistan

in 194 8 , 195 0 and 195 3

respectively

to provide

for

the needs

of the whole of the areas controlled by these Associations. The

subsequent sixth,

seventh a nd e ig hth

Editions

were published by the Fire Sectional

Committees

of Calcutta, Bombay,

Delhi

and

Madras

Regional

Councils

of the Insurance Associations

of

India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982, a m en dm e nts an d add itio ns

were effected

to b ring th e

provisions

in line

with

current thinking

on fire

protection

techniques

and

to

encourage

installation

of fixed fire

extinguishing

appliances/alarm

systems

in relatively low hazard

risks orr

the

one

hand

and tighten requirements

for

design

of systems

suitable

for

high hazard

risks such

a s Petroleum

Refineries,

Petrochemical

and Fer ti li zer Plants

on

the o th er h an d, w h ic h

world-wide

experience

has indicated, need cop ious

quantities of water

and

other

extinguishing media. In the tenth,

eleventh

and

twelfth

editions

an

effort has

been

m a d e to further update and

streamline th e

regulations.

The Manual should prove

of value

to factory

owners

and their

technical

personnel when

dealing wi th

matters

relating to

fire

extinguishing

appliances and also constitute

a

handy

book

of

reference

to

Insurance officials.

The ma in tenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient

state

and

familarisation with all

details

of

operations

is essential

if

the m ax im um benefit is

to be

derived in the

emergency

of an outbreak

of a

fire.

The

Manual

incorporates long experience of fire protection engineering both in Ind ia and elsewhere in the

wor ld . Compliance of the rules will not

only obta in

appropriate d iscount in the fire insurance premium bu t

will

also

ins ti ll that feeling of security tha t the presence of an eff ic ient f ire-fight ing equipment should prevent.

Direct

loss

from

fire

and

the

resultant

wastage

is

always serious

but

the

indirect

loss

and

the

resultant dislocation

of business

is often

much

more

serious.

The Reg iona l Offices of

Tariff

Advisory Comm it tee

maintain

an inspection

staff

of qualified engineers,

specialists

in fire protection

and prevention

engineering and practice in all its

aspects.

The services

of

th is staff are

available

to

make recommendations and

carry ou t

inspections in

keeping

with the

nature

of

work.

(All

references

to Regional Offices or

staff

thereof in this pre face and in the body of the

Manual apply to

the

Regional

Offices controlling the territory within which the risk

is situated).

‘*"“"“"

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3/92

2

F I R E

P R O T E C T I O N

MANUAL

The Manual

initially

deals

with portable appliances and small bore hose reels which are considered a s first-

aid appliances. The

regulations

regarding

t ra ile r pum ps are

covered

next. T he last part

is

devoted to

f ixed

external protection in

the

form of a hydrant system which is

considered the

backbone of

the

entire

fire

fighting

operations

as

it

fights

fires

of

serious

proportions

in

al l

classes

of

risks

and

continues to

do

so

even in the

event

of

a collapse of the buildings/structures protected. H ig h -r is e b uild in g s w h ic h have become

a c o m m o n

feature of modern society present inherent fire hazard as

fire

brigades

are

often helpless in the face of fires

in such structures an d

are

unable to

save

human lives an d fight

fires

e ffec tive ly w i th traditional methods.

A

separate section

has

therefore, been d ev ote d fo r

prescribing

th e s pe cia lis ed t yp e

of protection required

by

these structures.

In case

it

is desired

to

install any appliances which are no t covered by this Manual, assistance and ad vice

m ay

be

obta ined from

the

inspection

staff

m a in ta in ed by

the Reg io nal Offices.

Wherever reference to an y Indian Standard

appears in this Manual,

it

should be taken

as a

reference

to

its latest

version.

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F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg.No.

1 . Requ i rements

regarding

submission

of

plans

....................................................................................

..5

2 .

Procedure to be followed in

the

case of application

for

discounts

................................................

..

7

3. Inspection staff ....................... ....................................................................................................... .. 10

4 .

Internal appliances

4 .1 Hand

appliances

..................................................................................................................

.. 10

4.2 Small

bore

h os e re els

......................................................................................................

16

5. Mechanically driven fire engines and

trailer

pumps ....................................................................... . .

16

6. Hydrant protection

for

High Rise Buildings (Non-industrial)

.........................................................

..

18

7 .

Hydrant

service

.................................................................................................................................

..

23

7 .1 General

.................................................................................................................................

.. 2 3

7 .2 C lassifications

of

occupancies

.............................................................................................. .. 2 3

7 .3 Water supply ........................................................................................................................ . .

2 8

7.4

Pumps .................................................................................................................................

.. 29

7.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................... ..

29

7.4 .2 Steam

d riven pu m ps

...............................................................................................

. .

36

7.4 .3 Electrically

driven pumps

......................................................................................... .. 37

7.4 .4 Petrol or motor spirit

engine

driven pumps

........................................................

41

7.4 .5 Compression Ignition Engine

Driven Pumps

..........................................................

..

4 2

7 .5 Mains ' ........................................... .................................................................................... .. 46

'

7 .6

Hydrants/fixed

monitors

.......................................................................................................

..

5 0

7.7 Hose

pipes

and nozzles .... ................................................................................................. .. 56

7 .8 F oam com pounds

.................................................................................................................

..

58

7.9 Fire fighting personnel ......................................................................................................... .. 58

7.10

Maintenance

.....................................................

..,

..................................................................

. .

5 9

7.10.1 Pumps

......................................................................................................................

..59

7.10.2

Mains

........................................................................................................................ ..59

7.10.3 Hydrants ................................................................................................................... .. 60

7.10.4

Hose pipes

and

noules ....................................................................................

....

..

60

0

3

F

2

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4 F IRE PR OT E C T I ON

MANUAL

7.11 Measures to

be tak en

where

the installation

is for an y

reason

temporarily

inoperative

..

61

7 .12 S pecial prov is ions for Thermal /Gas based

power plants

...................................................

..

61

8. Hydrant protection of cotton

g in and

press factories

.................................................................... .. 62

8 .1 Reservoir ............................................................................................................................... .. 62

8 .2

Pumps

.................................................................................................................................

.. 62

8 .3 Mains

................................................................................................................................. ..

63

8.4 Hydrants

...............................................................................................................................

.. 63

8 .5

H ose pipes

and

nozzles ....................................................................................................... ..63

8 .6

Fire

fighting

staff

.................................................................................................................. ..

63

9. MUTUAL AID SCHEME

..................................................................................................................

.. 64

Tables

1. Effective capacity of reservoir

..........................................................................................................

.. 2 9

2 . Capacity for hydrant

service

............................................................................................................

..30

3.&3A. Size

of

pipe

mains

.............................................................................................................................48

Appendix

I'

Application for

fire

extinguishing

appliance(s)

discount

..................................................................

..

66

II Guarantee regarding fire

extinguishing

appliances .......................................................................... .. 67

III Details

of

f ire extinguishing appliances .................................................................................... .....

..

68

IV ‘ Certificate from

Insurer ’s Engineer ...................................................................................................

..

74

V Fire drill register

............................................................................................................................... ..

75

VI Water

pressure

table ......................................................................................................................... ..

76

»-

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FIRE P ROTECT ION MANUAL 5

REQUIREMENTS REGARDING

SUBMISSION OF

PLANS

:

Plans

for

submission to

the

Commi t tee shall be

drawn

up in accordance

with th e following

requirements:— . .

P lans s hall

be clear,

contain all

required

details including scale an d point of Compass an d

shall be dated.

The

Polar

Geographical North is

also to be marked in the Key P lan.

Plans

of

ne w

installations shall

show

the

entire

Compound; a ll b uild in g s th er efn ,

with

their

door an d

window

opening s, and the

boundary

walls. Bui ld ings

under

c on st ru ct io n a nd fu tu re

ex tens ion env isaged, shall

be

indicated

by

dotted

lines.

Plans of ex tensions to

approved

existing

installations

need

not show

the

rest

of the

compound but suffic ient

details

shall be given

of

the existing instal lations

in correlation to the extension, to enable

the

Committee’s Inspection

Staff to check the

plans

and

offer comm ents. In case

of storeyed buildings,

drawings submi t ted

shall

include plans of each

story

together

with

sectional

elevat ions. The

locations and

details

of fire access staircases together with the arrangements of hydrants

on

their landings shall

also

be shown. Further,

a

Table showing

‘List

of Blocks’ protected

a s per

committee’s Rules

should be

given.

Material

:

Plans

shall

be on

White

paper

or Ammonia paper or

Fe r ro Prus sia te paper.

P lan s sh all generally be

prepared

in accordance

with

lS:696, shall not

exceed

850 x 1200

m m in s i z e and shall

be

d raw n to a scale 1:500 or 111000. In the case

of

very large compounds

with

m ore than one risk, it is advisable

to

submit

separate

plans for

each

risk with a k ey

showing the relative

situation

of

the various risk etc. in the com pound s.

Signs :

1.5.1

Pucca

walls

to be

shown by

double

lines,

doors and w ind ow s being

c lear ly marked.

1.5.2 Iron

or

other

non-masonry walls

to be

shown by

a

thin

line

and nature of

Construction

indicated.

'

.l.

WALL

1.5.3

Perfect

Party

Walls

to be indicated by the sign “T” at

each

end of

the

wall,

or have

the

letters

“PPW."

alongside

or across them

at

regular in te rvals an d m a rke d in

distinctive

colour.

i__

PPW.

D _ F _ p D _ PPW.

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7/92

F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL

1.5.4

1.5.5

N.B.

1.5.6

1.5.7

1.5.8

1.5.9

1.5.10

1.5.11

1.5.12

1.5.13

Fireproof doors and/or S h utte rs to be marked as fol lows

:

Single

Fireproof Door

and/or Shutter

S . F D .

Double Fireproof

Doors

and/or

Shutters D . F D .

Elevated fire

service

tanks to be sh ow n hatc he d and

their

capacity an d

height of base

abov e the

highest

roof to

be stated .

G.L.

In

case of

multipurpose elevated tanks, the capacity reserved

for

sprinkler

installation

to be indicated

instead

of

the total capacity.

S k y lights

to

be marked

“S k y L ig hts " or “ S.L. .

Boiler to be

show n by

a rectangular

figure

marked “Boiler”.

B O I L E R

Hydrant

Mains to be shown by

a

red line ; th e d iam e te r, le ng th an d number

of

pipes

being m a rk ed a lo ng s id e a nd specials and

reducers

to be c learly ind icated .

>

R

m . m . 0 L E N G T H S

O F

-m . E A C H

Hydrant

Heads to be shown by

red

circles

no t

l e s s than

3 m m in d iam e te r a nd m a rked

“S.H.”.

Double Hydrant to

be

indicated by double circles and marked “D.H.".

O

O O

S . H .

D . H .

Water Monitors

to be

shown by

a circle

with an

oblique

arrow

th rough it

and m a rk ed

‘WM’.

6

WM

Cut-off valves to be marked

/ drawn

across the m ains .

S.V.

Sprinkler an d

Hydrant

pumps

to be c le arly m a rk e d and the capacity and head to be

indicated in each case.

Pumpls) suction piping to be

shown dotted

and diameter indicated.

P U M P

+

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m . m .

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P I P E

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8/92

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F I R E PROTECTION

MANUAL

7

1.5.14

Surface f ir e serv ice Water tanks

an d reservoirs

to

be shown

to

scale and

average

depth

indicated. '

1.5.15

Sprinkler

trunk mains to be shown

by a

blue line, the sizes being

marked

alongside.

m . m . (Z ) S PK

MAIN

1.5.16

Fire

alarm bells to be shown

by

blue circles an d marked “F A

B ".

‘I;

F . A . B .

1.5.17

Sprinklered blocks

to be

m ark ed "S "

@

1.5.18 Oil,

solvent, ac id and other chemical

tanks

to

be

drawn

to

scale and suitably

marked.

1.5.19

Open

storage areas to be clearly

shown

by hatched outlines

and

marked

“Open

Storage

S ite for. ”

‘R a

V 0

‘.

.5.19

Electric

cable(s)

for the fire pump(s) to

be

shown

in green

line(s)

PROCEDURE

TO BE

FOLLOWED IN

THE

CASE OF APPLICATION FOR

DISCOUNTS

:

2 .0

2 .1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

The sanction

of

discounts

off insurance: premiums

shall necessarily follow

consideration

by the

Regional Office (TAC)

of

all details of the ris k

including m anufacturing

processes

involved and

the protective appliances

to be

installed in ord er

to ensure that

the Standards

laid

down_have

been

fully

observed.

To

prevent confusion or disappointment,

definite rules fo r

procedure have

been

laid

down as follows:-

9 '

Proposals for

the

installation of

appliances

shall be

submitted

to the

Regional Office

(TAC)

by

the

Leading Office

on

the

risk

and shall

comprise

-

I

Material specifications

of

equipment

and

components

of

the

installation

indicating

the

name

of manufacturers, Standards/specifications and name

of

approv ing authori ty if any.

In

the

case of internal appliances

details

of

the areas

of

the

various compartments, their occupation

and

the quantities

and

types

of

appliances proposed. _

In the case of sprinkler and

hydrant

installation, ful ly dimensioned

plans

in duplicate

a s

called

for in Item 1 . ,

In

addition

to

the abo ve ,

the following

details

would be necessary in

the

case

of

hydrant

installation: '

a (I ) Drawings

showing layout of

the

entire

hydrant system incorporating

type

of

Joints,

details of Pump and its

Prime

Mover. Another Table giving

the details

of Sing le Headed

I

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9/92

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F IRE

PR OT E C T I ON

-MANUAL

a

(I I )

a (Ill)

( b l

( C )

(d )

(e )

( f l

( Q )

(h )

2 .2

and Double H ea de d H yd ra nt s,

I nterna l Hydrants, F i re e scape

Hydrants, number of

Hose Pipes (15 M

an d 7 .5

M

length)

and Branch

Pipe

with nozzles including 10%

spares, m o d e of distribution of

those

pipe s and total

equivalent

number

of Hydrants

should be included.

There

should be a

Table

showing the percentag e of

various

Pipe

diameters

used

in the

system.

T y pic al S e ctio na l E l ev atio n Drawings showing

th e height,

dimensions etc. of

the s tand

post

for S i ng le H e ad e d

Hydrant,

D o ub le H ea de d Hydrant, Monitor Speci fy ing d ia

of nozzle,

Riser

Main an d

landing

valve of

Riser

Mains

of

F E H ,

Cut-off

v alv e c ha m be rs in Plan a nd E l ev a tio n

should be incorporated.

In case

of

Blocks hav ing upper floors,

separate

upper floor plans showing

the

location

Fire

Escape

Hydrants (F E H) and staircases, Sectional

Elevation

Drawings

of the

Escape

Staircase;

Riser

Main and location

of land ingva lve of

F E H should be submit ted, preferably a longwi th ,

civil

construction

(Architects)

drawing

of

Individual

Blocks.

N.B.

In the case of storeyed

blocks,

floor

area of each floor, with particulars of fire proof

shutters

of

Fire

Proof

Door

an d nearest Machinery,

Wired Glass Windows etc. to

be

marked.

L ay ou t o f

pump

house

showing

clearly the suction, delivery and priming (if any) arrangements

alongwith

full scale

Drawing of Pump, Motor,

D ie se l E n g in e,

D . G . Control Panel, MC C

for

Electric

Driven

Pumps,

Valv es , e tc .

Details of

water

storage tanks

giving

particular of compartmentation and

jackwell,

details of

inflow

and particu lars

of

tappings

for

other

purposes,

if

any;

with

Water Reservoi r

capacity,

R CC or Steel,

Lined

o r unlin ed , com b in ed

Process

Water or

Exclusive

Fire Water Reservoir

should

be given.

Sub-station

location

in relation

to

other

blocks if

the pump

is

electrically driven.

If

the substation

is

attached to

any o ther Bu ild ing, the details

of

segregation

from adjoining

Buildings,

indicating

Transformer

Room, L.T., H.T., Location of

change over switch,

D. G . Room

etc.

Plans

of

Sub-Station showing thickness of internal walls and equipment layout alongwi th single

line schematic diagram of

the

the pump from the

Main

substation to the

‘Fire

Pump

Room ’

alongwith Tapping,

Circuit Breakers

and Switch Fuse

Units.

Route of cable from Sub-Sta tion to tire pump house.

Schematic

circuit

line

d iagram showing

power

supply inside

the

Fire

Pump Room.

Legend

explaining the various

symbols

used should be

given.

Discounts will

be

considered

only if all hand

appliances

and their accessories

a s

well

a s

all

components

of

hydran t, spr ink le r and other fire

‘protection

systems

are of a type and make,

approved

by the

Tariff Advisory Committee.

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10/92

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL 9

2 .3

2.4

2.5

2.6

N.B

2 .7

2 .8

2 .9

2.10

2.11

N o discounts will

be

considered for a

sprinkler

or hyd rant system

unless

the

same

has been

hydraulically tested

with

trenches open at least o nc e d u rin g the course of installation

by

th e

Committee’s Inspectorate, a nd fo und in order. Further,

site

engineer of th e Installing

contractor

should maintain

progress

record

w i th ‘protoco l’

duly

signed

by

representative of the c lien t and

him.

The prior submission of proposals to the Commit tee before

the

work is commenced , is essential,

to

ensure

that

the installation will conform to th e

Commit tee's requirements but

does not dispense

with

th e procedure laid

down

hereafter

for application

fo r

the sanction of discounts.

Application

for discounts shall be submitted on special forms provided

for the

purpose b y

th e Committee and shall c om p rise :

2 .5 .1 A pplication by the Leading Office (Appendix

I)

.

2.5.2

Guarantee

by

the Insured

(Appendix

ll)

2.5.3

Schedule

of Appliances

(Signed by Insured) (Appendix

I I I )

In every case,

a

plan of the premises prepared in accordance with the requi rements ind icated

in 1.1 to 1.5

shall

accompany any application

for

a discount for fire extinguishing appliances

and , in the

case of

sprinkler and/or hydrant instal lat ions, Install ing E ngineers’ detailed ‘A s Erected’

working drawings

are essent ia l.

A “Certificate of Completion" from

the

installing

Engineers’ stating the

pressure

tests to which

the installation(s) has been subjected and giving the date(s)

from

which

it was

in com p le te

working

order

should

also be submitted. Further,

Progress

Record

with

Protocol should

be

duly sig ned by C lient, I ns talling C ontractor and / or Project Consultants.

Even

in

the

c a s e of extensions to an existing service, a complete set of I O I T T I S and plants

d eta iled in 2 .5 and 2 .6 above shall be submitted.

Applications which relate to discounts for appliances other

than hydrants shall

also be accompanied

by a

plan

of the premises showing the layout and

distribution

of appliances.

N o

application

for discount

can

be

entertained

until

the _relative appliances

are

complete, in

position, ready for use and fully operative. A n appropriate

discount

or

allowance

will be sanctioned

by

the

Committee from

the date

of

the

completed application,

(in

accordance

with

2 .5

and

2 .6 above) subject to the appliances being found in

order

on inspect ion by the

Committee's

Inspectorate. In the event of the installation being

found

incomplete

or defective, the discount

will

be withheld (or

withdrawn

if already notified) until the defects have been rectified to the

satisfaction of

the

Committee.

N o allowance shall be

made for Fire

E xtinguishing Appliances until

not if ied by the

Committee

either

by

let ter or

circular, and

then,

with

effect

only

from

the date specified

in

such

notification.

Discounts

sanctioned

solely on

account

of installation of

internal

appliances will

be

valid fo r

a period

of

four years

only;

hence fresh applications, accompanied

by

the report of the

Engineers

of

the

Insurance Company

(as

per

Appendix

IV

)

shall

be

submit ted every

four years.

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11/92

F IRE

PR OT E C T I ON

MANUAL

2.12

Proposals

for the installation of

appliances not specifically covered

by these

rules

shall first

be

submit ted

to the Commit tee for approval. ~

2.13

Offices

and

the

insured are

requested not to change block numbers as this naturally affects

th e

Commit tee ’s

records

and

causes

confusion.

I f

block

numbers

have

to

be

changed,

the

Committee shall be

notified

at once.

2.14 Discounts

sanctioned fo r

installation

of

appliances

shall normally stand

withdrawn

in the event

of

a

strike

or

lockout in the premises fo r a duration of sev en d ays or more. F or this reason,

it is im p e ra tiv e th at the Commi t tee be apprised as

soon

as a strike or lockout

is

declared.

COMMITTEE’S INSPECTION

S T A F F

:

3.1

The Committee

undertakes,

a s far

a s

possible, the periodical inspection of

all

premises

in

which

fire extinguishing appliances,

entitling

the r is k to special discounts

or

ratings

for

such appliances,

are installed.

F or

this p urp os e, th e

Comm it tee’ s Inspect ion Eng ineers sha ll

have the

right of

access to the premises

of

the Insured at an y

time

with

or without giving

an y

prior

notice.

3.2

T he

Primary duty of

the Inspec ting Engineers is

to

report

to

th e Commi t tee

on

the condition

and e ff ic iency of the appliances installed as well

as

to ensure that the regulations

are

being

obs erv ed . T he y w ill, how ever, g ive help and ad vices in

th e

maintenance of

the

appliances

and on matters pertaining to

fire

p ro te ctio n a nd p re v en tio n.

3.3.

The attention of

the Inspecting

Engineers shall be

drawn,

during

their visits,

to

any

changes

effected since the previous inspection

or to any contemplated

extensions

andalterations

to

the ex is ting services.

This

procedure

does not,

how ev er, d ispense with the necessity of advising

the Insurance Company or Compan ies interested

on

the

risk of any changes which affect the

plan

of

the risk

or

the details of the appliances

recorded

with Committee.

INTERNAL

APPLIANCES

:

4 .0 Internal appliances generally consist

of

hand appliances ( fi rs t aid appliances) and

hose

reels.

4 .1

HAND APPLIANCES

4 .1 .1 G E N E R A L

4.1.1.1

Hand

appliances comprise

buckets and extinguishers.

4.1.1.2

All

appliances including extinguisher

refills and foam compound shall

be

in capacit ies

indicated

in the relevant Indian standards

specification

and shall bear

IS I

certification mark

(Accessories

including

extinguisher refills shall also be IS I

certified.)

Buckets

shall

be of round bottom

type.

4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances

is limited a s

it

is

ent irely dependent upon the presence

of persons having kno wledg e to operate them. Everything

depends,

how ever, on the speed

wi th wh ich they are

brought

into. use as

they are

essentially

“First-Aid” equipment, only meant

fo r attacking

small fires in the ir incipient stages and

are

no t

intended

to deal

with large

outbreaks

of fire.

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12/92

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F I R E PROTECTION MANUAL I I

4.1.1.4 Since

a variety of shapes and/or methods

of operation of fi re ex ting uishers can

at t imes

lead

to confusion

an d

as fa ilure to operate

the extingu ishers

properly

in the first instance results

in failure to q uench

the

fire,

it

is

r ec om m e nd e d t ha t

extinguishers installed

in an y on e building

or single occupancy be

similar

in shape and appearance and have the same method of operation

as fa r as possible.

4.1.1.5 I t

is

re co m m e nd e d th at an indicator board s ho w in g th e number of buckets an d extinguishers

ins ta lled in each

department

be provided over

or near

the main

entrance to

th e department.

This

will

enable the person in charge

of

the

appliances

to ascerta in at a

glance if

any appliances

are

missing.

4.1.1.6 It is

advisable to provide

conspicuous

location

indicators

of a suitable

type

fo r

all extinguishers,

particularly those located

in

large

compartments.

4.1.2

Selection

of

Hand

Appliances

:

4.1.2.1

Various types

of hand appliances

are available

but

al l are

not equally effec t ive

on all k ind s

of fires.

F or this reason,

the

nature of contents

of a building, th e processes carried out therein

an d the

types

of

fires

which m ay occur,

shall

be taken

into

consideration

while

selecting fire

appliances.

4.1.2.2 The different

types

of fires and

appliances suitable

for use

on them

are as under :-

Class of

Fire

Suitable

type

of Appliances

Gas expelled .

water type and

anti-freeze

Fires in ordinary

combustib les (wood,

type

extinguishers and

water

buckets

vegetable

fibres rubber,

plastics,

paper

and- the

like).

Chemical Ext inguishers

of

Carbon

Dioxide

and

Dry

Powder types and sand

buckets.

Fires

in flammable

liquids, paints,

grease,

solvents and the like.

Fires

in

gaseous Chemical

Extinguishers of

substances under

Carbon

D iox id e and

D ry

pressure including Powder

types.

liquefied

gases.

Q

Fires in

R eactive S pecial

type of Dry Powder

Chemicals,

active

metals

and

the lik e.

Extinguishers

and

sand

buckets

Where

energised Electrica l Eq uipment is involved in a fire, The Non-conductivity

of

the extinguishing

media

is

of

utmos t importance and

only

extinguishers

expelling

d ry po w de r

or

carbon-di-oxide

(without

metal

I

I

i

:-


13/92

~

1»-w-,e.vi~

F IRE

P ROTECT ION MANUAL

horn) should be used. O nce the E lectrical Equ ipment is de-energ ised, ex t inguishers

suitable

for

class a,

b,

c, m ay be used safely.

4.1.3 Requirements

of

Hand Appliances

:

4.1.3.1 Procedure

:

.

¢

The

minimum number of

fire

ext inguishers needed to p ro tec t a property

shall

be determined as outlined

below

:-

‘

a)

F or

an y property,

basic

protection

shall

be

appl iances suitable fo r

Class A

fires, since

Class

A

fire s are of

universal

character.

T he

number of extinguishers

shall

be determ ined accord ing

to

rule

4.1.3.2.

b)

F or

occupancies where Class

B fires are

anticipated, a suitable number

of

appliances

determined

by rule 4.1.3.2.

shall be replaced

by

appliances

a s

per table

under

rule

4.1.3.4.

c)

F or occupancies where fires of C

&

D

types

are anticipated, th e C om m itte e m a y recommend

appropriate extinguishers.

4.1.3.2 One 9 litre

water/sand bucket

shall be provided

for

every

100

m 2 .

of the floor

area

or part

thereof an d one 9

litre

wate r type ex tingu isher shall be provided to six

buckets

or

part thereof

with a minimum of

on e

extinguisher

an d

two

buckets pe r

compartment

of the

building.

N.B. In

the

case of

Cotton

G in and P r e s s factories, the supply of

hand appliances

shall be double

that

indicated above.

4.1.3.3

Buckets

m ay

be

dispensed

with

for

occupancies

other

than

Cotton

G in and

Press

factories,

provided the supply of extinguishers

is

one- and-a-half t imes

t ha t in d ic ate d

abov e in case

of Light

Hazard

Occupancies

and double

that indicated above in

case

of other

occupancies.

Note: For categorizat ion

of

occupancies refer rule

7.2.

4.1.3.4 Acceptable

replacements

for-water buckets

and w ater type

extinguishers in

occupancies where

Class

B

fires

are

anticipated.

Acceptable

Buckets of

Water

Water

type

Replacements Extinguishers

For

One For Three

For

each

9 Litres

bucket

buckets

Extinguisher

Dry Sand 1

bucket

3 buckets — —

Carbon D ioxid e

Extinguishers

3 Kg. 9 Kg. 9 Kg.

(IS 2878)

(In

no t

l e s s

than

2

Extinguishers)

D ry

Powder

Extinguishers 2

Kg.

5

Kg.

5

Kg.

(IS

2171) (In one or

more\Extinguishers)

Note A ny

combination

of

the various appliances referred

to above

m ay

be employed.


14/92

/~ 1;.-;:;;;.


15/92

I4

F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL

(ii)

( iii) F or electrical equipment 6 Dry Powder Extinguisher

are provided.

Thus the final number

of

F or Class ‘B ’ fires 2 Water

type

Extinguishers

a re rep la ced

by 2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.

Ext inguishers is

:

Water

type

8 8

Dry

Powder

type 8

Total 96

4.1.4 Selection of Sites for the Installation

of

H a nd A p plian ce s

:

4.1.4.1

4.1.4.2

4.1.4.3

4.1.5.1

4.1.5.2

When

selecting sites for hand appliancesdue consideration

shall

be

given

to

the

nature

of

the

risk to be covered .

Appliances

shall be

placed in conspicuous positions and

shall

be readily accessible for immediate use

in all

parts of

the

occupancy.

I t s hould always

be

borne

in

mind

while

selecting

sites

that

hand

‘appliances

are

intended

only for

use

on incipient fires and their value m ay be negligible if the

fire is

not extinguished or brought

under

c on tro l in the early stages.

Generally, hand appliances

shall be

placed a s

near

a s

possible to exits

or

staircase

landings.

Wherever possible, advantage sha ll be taken of

normal

routes of

escape by placing

appliances

in

pos itions where they

can

readily be seen by persons following the natural im p ulse to

get

out of

danger.

I t is no t

advisable

to place

appliances

at the ends of rooms

remote

from ex its unless

they

are necessary to

cover

a particular hazard

there.

Buckets

shall be

placed

at

convenient and easily

accessible

locations

either

o n hangers

or

on

stands.

In the

case

of

textile mills,

it

is

strongly advised

that

a

bucket

be

slung

at

the end of each spinning

and

roving frame.

4.1.5 Maintenance of Hand

Appliances

:

General

4.1.5.1.1

It is important that

hand

appliances

are always

kept

in their proper positions

and

if temporarily

removed

for

repairs,

are immediately

replaced. In

order to

ensure this , all concerns shall arrange to p rovid e at

least one man, preferably

a pump man,

whose

duty

is to

see

that the

fire

buckets are filled

with water

an d

the

extinguishers are

in

efficient working

order

and th at a ll appliances

are

in their correct posit ions.

4.1.5.1.2

I t is re co m m e nd e d t ha t in case th e

paint of an y

hand app liance

gets

chipped

off

or

gets

faded,

it shall be

repainted

to

prevent it from rust

and corrosion.

Buckets :

4.1.5'.2.1

Fire

buckets shall not be

used

for

any purpose other than

that fo r

wh ich the y

are in tended, and shall

always

be

k ept full

of

water/sand.

4.1.5.2.2

To prevent

breeding

of

mosquitoes

and to com p ly w ith rules of local bodies,

the

w ater in

fire buck ets shall be

ref il led every

week

and

treated

with

sapon

creosote

or phe nyle in suitable quantities

to just

d isco lour the

water.

It

I

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16/92

F I R E

P R O T E C T I O N »

MANUAL

I5

4.1.5.2.3

A ll

buckets

shall be refilled

with

clean water

or sand, as the case m ay be ,

imm ed ia te ly a fter

use.

V

4.1.5.2.4 Spare

buckets

to the

extent

of

10%

of

th e

total number

installed on the premises,

subject to

a

maximum

of

50,

shall

always

be

kept in

store.

4.1.5.3 Extinguishers

:

4.1.5.3.1

Spare

charges to

the

extent

of 10% of th e

total number of

ext inguishers instal led,

with a minimum

of

two

shall

always

be kept in

stock

fo r each

type of

extinguisher

an d be

readily

available.

s

4.1.5.3.2 Once

a

week,

the extinguis he r s hall be

checked

to

ensure

that a ll m o vable

parts

are working properly, that the plunger is in fu lly ex tended pos ition, tha t

the nozzle is no t obstructed in any w ay and that

there

is no leakage of the

extinguishing

medium

from

the glands

and noules.

The

extinguishers shall be

cleaned

superficially and the brass parts polished. The nonle outlet and

vent

holes in the threaded portion of th e cap

shall

be checked

for

clogging.

4.1.5.3.3 Once

a

month, extinguishers of

the

Carbon Dioxide

type shall

be

weighed.

I f the weight recorded for an y

extinguisher

is less

than

90 pe r cent of the

weight

of the

fully charged

extinguisher

as marked

on

the body, the

extinguisher

shall be sent for recharging.

4.1.5.3.4 Half the total number

of

wate r type extinguishers and one-fifth

of the total

number

of D ry Powder Extinguishers installed in the

premises

shall be subjected

to an operation

test

annually.

Advantage’

shall be tak en of

this

test

to impart

training in the use of

extinguishers, to

th e s taff e m plo ye d o n the premises

where

the extinguishers

are

located.

Extinguishers

which

have

been used in a

fire during

a period

of

six months

preceding

the tests,

need

no t be taken for

testing.

N.B.

4.1.5.3.5 Extinguishers

installed

in the premises shall

be

subjected to a hydraulic test

as

specified in lS:2190 and at such intervals

as

laid d own therein.

Extinguishers

.

found leaking

or

distorted

shall

be

rejected. Under

no circumstances

shall

such

extinguishers be

w eld ed and

reused.

N.B. The hydraulic

test

shall be certified

by

the manufacturer(s) ~ o f the appliance(s)

or the factory

Chief

Engineer or the Factory

Fire

or Safety Officer or the service

/

contractors.

A

record

of

the

operation

and

hydraulic tests

shall

be maintained,

which shall

be open

to examination

by the Committee's inspection

staff.

4.1.5.3.6

4.1.5.3.7 The

operating

instructions of the

extinguishers

shall

no t

be defaced or obliterated.

In case

the operating

instructions

are obliterated

or have become illegible

due

to

passage

of

t ime,

fresh

transfers

of

the

sam e shall be

obtained

from

the

'

manufacturers of the appliances and affix ed to the extinguishers.

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17/92

I6

1 uw/a

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N

MANUAL

4.2 Small

Bore Hose

Reels :

(This

sort of

protection

is

not

deemed suitable for buildings/compartments

containing

electrical apparatus

only or

in respect

of buildings/compartments

in

w h ic h fl am m a ble liq uid s are

stored

and/or

used.)

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

Hose reels shall

normally

be connected to the general water supply pipelines

of

th e plant/

premises.

The

number

and

distribution

of hose reels shall be such that

the

whole of each floor is

protected

and that

no

part of the

floor

is more

than

6

m .

distant

from

a

hose nozzle when

the

hose

Z

is fully extended.

The hose ree l shall be such

a s

will enable

no t l e s s than 22.5

litres of

water

to be discharged

per m inute

through

a

nozzle of

not more

than

6.35

m m . internal diameter.

Hose shall

be

of

reinforced

rubber

no t

l e s s

than

19 m m .

and no t

more

than 3 2 m m .

internal

diameter .

Hose

lengths shall not'exceed 36.50m.

M

5.

MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE

ENGINES

AND TRAILER PUMPS :

5.1

5 .2

5 .3

. ‘Ft?

Application

:

5.1.1 This method

of

protection will

be accepted

on its

ow n merits for the protection of

blocks/facilit ies (other than open

storage)

in lig ht and ordinary hazard occupancies.

Even in

these

occupancies buildings which have the highest point

of

the

roof

no t exceeding

20

metres shall

only

be

deemed

to

be protected.

5.1.2 F or effective application,

mobile engines and/or

trailer

pumps shall be sited

at

convenient

locations

from where they can

be

speedily

moved to any portion of

the

compound

in the

event

of a fire and

for

this

purpose

adequate vehicular arrangements

shall

be

available

for

towing

trailer pumps.

Personnel : '

In order to q ualify fo r recognition, a

fire

fighting

squad in accordance

with rules 7.9.1 to

7.9.10 shall be

maintained on the

premises round the clock.

Equipment : ,

5.3.1 Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the re levant Ind ian Standards

Specif icat ion or equiva lent foreign

specification

and c arry the requis ite number and

type

of

fittings

and accessories

speci fied in

such

standards. Besides, each

trailer

pump

shall be

prov ided wi th

12 lengths

of

15

m . long hose

pipes of

63 m m .

diameter

and

6 branc h pipes wi th nou les of

18 m m .

diameter. F or

each motor fire

engine,

18

hose

pipes

each 15

m lo ng a nd 63 m m d iam eter and nozzles

of 18

m m “ shall

be

provided

alongwith

9

branch

pipes. ’

1

ii

,.

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‘Z

_ ' F \ ' > ‘ l £ 4 ‘ lP e ' £ l

- \ i L '


18/92

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL

l7

5.3.2 The capacit ies of

i nd i v idua l t ra ile r pum ps

an d motor fir e engine shall not be less than:

Trailer P u m p

30 litres pe r

second at

5.6 kg./cmz.

Motor

Fire

Engines

30

litres

pe r

second

at

7

kg. /cmz.

5.3.3

The

number of

appliances required

shall

no t

be less

th an th at laid d o w n h er eu nd e r: -

(a) _ Light Hazard 1 trailer pump for every 7000 m 2

of total

built

Occupancies

up

area of protected process an d storage blocks

subject to a maximum of

3.

(b) Ordinary

Hazard 1

trailer pump for every 5000 m2

of

total built

up area

of

protected

process

and

storage

blocks.

subject to

a

maximum

of 4.

N.B.

One

motor

f ire engine could be

provided

as

a

substitute

for

tw o

trailer

pumps.

Portable

fire pump sets

(1100-1600 lpm ) c an als o be accepted

treating two

such units

as

equivalent

to one

trailer

pump of 1800 lpm pro vid ed

these

sets

conform

to

IS:12717-1989.

5.3.4 F or storeyed

structures,

in add ition to

the

trailer pumps and/or

motor

fire engines, d ry

risers of s i z e conforming

to

N.B.

4 under

rule 7.5.10

shall be ins talled w i th h yd rant

outlets at each floor level and double male

instantaneous

inlets at ground level to

serve

as connections

fo r the trailer pum ps in the event

of a fire.

T he hydrants

for

the

upper

floors

shall be

installed on

landings

of access

staircases complying

with rule

7.6.15

and a hose

box

containing tw o lengths

of

hose

of 7 .5

m . each and one nozzle

shall be

provided

alongside each

of

the u ppe r

floor

hydrants.

The

number

of

risers

per building and correspondingly the

number

of access

staircases shall

d epend on the

floor_area of

upper

storeys

and

for th is purpos e the

requirement of

rule 7.6.15 shall

apply.

Where

it

is no t possible to fully com ply

with

the provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall

be m ade to the Committee.

Water Supply :

5.4.1 T he w ater supply to be drawn

upon

by t ra iler pumps or

motor fire

engines, s hall be

available in s ta tic

tanks of at least 45,000

litres capacity so located

that no part of

a pro tected building

lies

beyond

100

m .

of

the tank (s) .

(

1)

In the

case of storeyed buildings, ‘ the tank shall not be more

than

50

m . from

any

part of the

building.

(2 ) Provision shall be

made

for indicating the

capacity

of the tank s fo r va rious

depths.

5.4 .2

One

static

tank

shall

be

provided for

buildings

with light hazard occupancy

and

tw o

. for

buildings

with ordinary

hazard occupancy.

(Tank

shall

be

so located as to give

easy access to

the

Fire Brigade.)

The same tank(s)

shall

be considered as

the

source

of water

supply fo r all

detached

buildings

a

i

I

.

/

in

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4 ' -

~


19/92

I8

F I R E

P R O T E C T I O N

MANUAL

6.

-w here no part of

the building(s)

lies beyond 100 m . of

the

tank . T he above d is tance sha ll

-be reduced to 5 0 m . in

the

case of

storeyed

buildings.

5.4.3

Double

- headed

hydrants

or water

plugs

of

100 m m . d iameter fi-tted

to the

pressurised

general water

service

main of

th e p re m is es m ay

be considered

as an

a lterna ti ve to

static tank

provided that :

(a)

The water-pressure constantly maintained in the

main is not less

than 0.7 kg . /

cm ? ‘

(b) The size

of

the main

is

at least

10 0

m m .

( c ) F or

light

hazard occupancy, one

double

headed

hydran t o r one

100

m m .

water

plug is so

located

that

no

part of the building is beyond 100 m. thereof. F or

ordinary hazard occupancy, two doub le headed

hydrants or

tw o 100

m m .

water

plugs

are

located

a s

above.

N.B.

In the case

of

storeyed

buildings,

th e

above

distance shall be reduced to

5 0

m . -

(d ) T he pumping

capacity

of

the general

water

supply is

not

less than the aggregate

pumping capacity of the trailer pumps

and/or

motor fire eng in es .

(e) The

storage

of

general w a te r s up ply

is

in

excess of

1,00,000

litres.

HYDRANT

PROTECTION

F O R

HIGH RISE

BUILDINGS

(NON-INDUSTRIAL)

6.1

Introduction

‘

6.1.1

A bui ld ing,

the

highest fl oo r o f

which

is

m ore than 2 2 m

above

the

surrounding

pavement

level,

shall be

considered a s a high rise building.

6.1.2 The rules are applicable to al l types

of

buildings

with

non-industrial occupancies such

as R esident ia l Ho te ls , Mercantile/ Business/Office build ings , apa rtmen ts etc.

6.1.3 In

case

of Buildings

situated

in sloping

terrain,

reference shall be

made

to the Committee

in advance w ith full particulars. _

V

6.2 Hydrant

Protection

(at

g round or yard

levels)

6.2.1

T he ground

level

protection

with

hydrants on

terminal

mains

will

be

acceptable,

provided,

th e

plinth

area

of

the building

to

be protected

is less than

7 5 0

m2. T he

location

of

the

hydrants

at

ground

level

a s

well

a s

the lay-out of the

hydrants

system shall,

otherwise,

comply with va rious p rov is ions

under

Section 7 of

this

Manual.

6.2.2 In

case

of buildings

having

a plinth area

in excess

of

750

m 2 , the

location of

the

hydrants at

ground level

a s

well as the

lay-out of the

hydrant system shall

be

governed

by the appropriate provisions under

Section

7 .6

of

this manual. The Committee reserves

its right

of

insisting on water monitors in the place

of

few hydrants

if

deemed

necessary.

6.2.3

, to l imit the operating pressure

within

7

kg/cmz

Orifice

plates

of

suitable design shall be

provided

in the

landing

valves, where

necessary,

$1

I

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20/92

F I R E PROTECTION

MANUAL I9

6.4

6.2.4 Excep t where

impracticable,

al l

hydrant outlets

shall be situated 1 m abo ve g ro un d

- level.

6.3

Hydrant

Protection - at v ario us

upper/lower (basement) levels

6.3.1

Access staircase

6.3.1.1

Design

for a

n ew b uild in g shall inc lude prov is ions for adequate access staircases an d lifts to

provide efficient means

of

escape and

facilities

for fire

f ighting.

6.3.1.2

O ne lobby approach

staircase

along

with

fire lift s ha ll be provided for e ve ry 1000 m2

of floor

area of each storey/level (including basements). Normally

a minimum

of tw o

such

staircases

shall

be

req uired but in case the

area of

e a c h .

storey

is l e s s than 500

m2.,

one

staircase

is

acceptable.

'

6.3.1.3

The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible construction. At least 50 % of total

.

number

of

staircases

required (with

a

minimum

of

one)

shall be

so

located that

one

of their

enclosing

w alls be an external

wall of

th e

building.

6.3.1.4

Doors

at the entrances of

both

the lobby approach access staircases and fire

lifts

shall be

provided with self-closing, s m o k e -t ig h t d o ors h av in g one hour

fire

resistance.

This

arrangement

will

enable escape and

fire figh ting to

be effected more efficiently.

Note : I f

the staircases and the fi re li fts are located

in

the

core

of the building, a positive

pressure

of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in

excess of

pressure in

the

lobby whichever is higher,

shall

be maintained

within

the

former

a s an

alternative to

the

above

provision.

6.3.1.5 The

fire

lifts shall be controlled by the fire

brigade

recall from the

concourse

level and shall

no t

respond

to

other calls after the fire brig ad e k ey has been activated. The cable supplying

power to the

lift

motor shall

pass

through routes

of

negligible fire risk .

6.3.2

Wet Risers

6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s)

is/are

a pipe or a number of pipes, permanently charged wi th wate r und er pressure,

rising throug h the full height

of

the building.

6.3.2.2

The‘

wet

risers

shall be

located

within

the

lobby approach staircases.

6.3.2.3

T he d ia m ete r

of

the riser pipes shall

no t

be

l e s s

than

15 0

m m

anywhere.

One

o r tw o land ing

valves shall

be

connected to the riser

pipe

at each storey/level. In c a s e of

excessive pressures

in hydrant outlets at low er levels, orifice

plates of

suitable design shall

be provided

in the

landing

valves,

where necessary, to l imit the operating

pressure

to 7

kg/cmz

Hose Pipes and Nozzles

6.4.1

Sufficient length

of

hose,

subject

to a

minimum

of “two

lengths

of

1 5

m each with couplings

attached,

shall be provided for

use in case

of each hydrant point on risers. In addition,

one

nozzle of 2 0

m m size fitted

to

a

branch

pipe

shall also be provided. To

avoid

water

damage,

it is

advisable

to

have reinforced

rubber

lined

hoses for use with

internal hydrants. (IS-636)

6.4.2 The number of hose

pipes

provided

near external

yard

hydrants

shall be such that

no

part

I

Y

I

Q

i r s w a z m m

61

um


21/92

20 F I R E

P R O T E C T I O N

MANUAL

of the floor is more

than

15

m

from a hose nozzle

when

the hose is fully

extended

and

connected to hydrant landing valve.

6.4.3 Hoses, nozzles an d branc h pipes sha ll be kept adjacent to the hydrant outlet, in wall boxes

or recesses

in th e w alls s pe cia lly

d es ig ned to blend architecturally with

the

buildings, if so

desired.

A ll

other requirements

relating

to

the appurtenances shall

be as

pe r

the provisions

under

Section

7 .7 of

this Manual.

6. 5 Pumping Arrangements

6.5.1 Each w et hydrant installation shall be

supplied

with water

by

an auto-start pumping

set. A

stand-by pumpset of

identical

pumping

capacity

having a

different

pr ime mover

s ha ll a ls o

be

provided. '

6.5.2

Pumps

shall

have

capacities of

38

Ltrs.

per second

(137

cu.

metre per hour)

or 47

Ltrs.

per

second

(171

cu.

metre per hour) and the head g enerated

at

the ra ted d ischarge shall

be such

that a minimum pressure of 3 .5 Kg/cmz will be available at the

highest

landing

valve

in

the

premises.

6.5.3 The suction, delivery an d priming arrangements

for

the pump

shall

comply with

provision

under S ec tio n 7 .4 .1

of this

Manual.

6.5.4

Jockey

pump(s)

shall

be installed

in

addition to the main pump set(s). The pressure

setting

.§

for

the pump(s )

shall be such th at it cuts in approx imate ly at

0.35

kg./cmz

below the normal

system pressure and cuts ou t at normal system pressure. The main fire pump(s) shall

be

arranged

to

cu t

in

approximately

at

1

kg./cmz

below

the

normal

system pressure

and

shall be capable

only of

manual shut down at churn pressure.

6.5.5 The power supply to the

fire

pump(s)

shall

be independent of

all

other supplies within the

premises.

In

other

words

even

when

the

power supply

to the

entire

premises

is switched

off,

-

the supply

to the fire

pump(s)

and

other

essential

equipment

shall remain

uninterrupted.

6.5 .6 Pum p room shall be normally

located detached

in

the

compound of

the

building

and

shall

be

preferably

6 metres away

from

the

building. Where

this

is

no t feasible, the pum p room

can

be

located inside

the

build ing prov ided it

is segregated

from the remainder of the building

in accordance with comm ittees’ regulations and

access

to the pum p room

from

the outs ide

of

the

building

shall be

either

direct

or

through

a passage

which

has

no

openings o ther than

to the pump room.

6.5.7 The

pumping installation

for the

high

rise

installations

shall conform

to anyone

of

the following

m ethod s to avoid undesirably

high

pressures

in

the riser

mains :-

a) T wo pum ps, one having

a low

head connected to

the

riser feeding the

lower storeys

and

the other

having

a

higher head connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys,

shall be installed.

b) A m ulti stage multi outlet pump shall

be

installed, separate outlets being

connected

to the riser

feeding

the

lower

storeys

and

those feeding

the

upper

floors. (See

Fig.1

and

2)

p

11M

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L .

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is n~ r . a v : n m ' .


22/92

F IRE

PR OT E C T I ON

MANUAL

2l

6.6 Water

6.6.1

N.B.: F or buildings over 60 m in h eig ht, hydrant system may either be designed as above

or m ay

be divided

into pressure zones. F or each z one the wate r supply for

th e

fire

protection would be designed to

have

pressure within the norm a l operating

ranges

and zones

of

eig ht to ten storeys would be

adequate

with

a

check

valve

in each zone

to

prevent

the

transmission

of pressure to

the

zone below (each zone shall

have

a

height of 20 m to 2 5

m ).

In

each z one

of

fire

protection piping,

there

shall be a

gravity

or

pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented

by

a fire pump to

provide

required flow in

the

zone. The fire pump

shall

not be used to fill g ra vity or

pressure

tank.

This should

be

filled

from domestic

water

lines. In this arrangement, the pump

in

the

lowest

zone

takes

suction

from

suction

tank located at ground floor

w hereas pum ps in

other zones

take suc tion from

the gravity/pressure tanks in the respect ive zone

(See.

Fig.3)

N.B.l:

In

addit ion to

the above

system, a

gravity

tank

of

25000

ltrs. capacity shall be

provided

on

the

top

of

thebuilding and

it shall be

connected

to

the pump

delivery through

a non-return valve.

N.B.2:

The pump

controls

can be

located with the

pump

in

each zone.

- I t

can also

be provided

at the ground floor

depending

upon the

suitabi li ty and

practicability of

the

particular

building in question.

Source

Effective

capacity

of

fire

fighting

tank

(See

rule

N o. 7 .3) shall not be l e s s than 2 hrslaggregate

pumping

capacity

for

buildings

l e s s

than

60

m in

height.

The

tank

capacity shall,

however,

be increased to 3 hrs. pumping

capacity

for bui ld ings having h eig ht 60

m

and abov e. The

tanks

shall be constructed in

tw o

independent but interconnected compartments

as per

rule

7.3

of

this

Manual.

~

The

fire

tank

m ust be in tw o compartments with abaffle w all in between n ot g oing

r ight

down to the

base

of the

tank.

This arrangement will ensure

proper

circulation of the fire water

and prevent

stagnation.

(See figure below.)

Domestic

tank

Fire tank >

r

3

(. .

it

‘J

l~ 4

a z v x j i - 1 . ’ .

t u t u

M W ) ‘ .

i fi l s i i

.- »

§


23/92

22 F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL

6.6.2 The

storage

tank

shall

be

provided

with a 15 0 m m

fire brigade

pumping

connection to d i scharg e

at least 2 2 7 5 Ltrs. pe r minute

into

the tank. Th is connec tion shall

not

be taken directly into

the side

of

the storage tank, bu t arranged to d ischarge no t less than 15 0 m m above the

overflow

level

of

the

tank . T he

connection

shall

be

fitte d w ith

stop

valve

in

a

position

approved

by

th e commi t tee in ad v anc e. A n

overflow connection

discharging to

a

visible drain

point

shall

be

provided

from

the

s to rag e ta nk .

6.6.3 The fire brigade connect ion shall be

fitted

with four numbers of

63

m m ins ta nta ne ou s

inlets

in

a g lass

fronted wall bo x at

a

suitable position at

street

level,

so

located

as

to

m a k e

the

inlets accessible

from

outside

of

the building.

The size of

the

wall bo x

shall be

ad eq uate to

allow hose to be

connected

to the inlets , even if the door can not be

opened and the

glass

has to be

broken.

Each

box

shall

have

fall of

25

m m

towards

the

front

at

its

base

and

shall

be glazed with

wired glass

w ith “F IR E BR IG ADE INL ET” painted

on

the inner face of the

glass

in 50 m m

s i z e

block

letters.

6.6.4 In addition to the emerg ency fire brigade connect ion to the

storage

tank,

a

15 0 m m

connection

shall

be taken

from the four

63 m m in sta nta ne ou s

inlets direct to

each

hydrant

riser

so that

th e fire

brigade m ay pump to the hydrants in

the

event of hydrant

pumps

being out of commission.

T he c on ne ctio n d ire ct to se ac h

riser

shall be fitted with a sluice

an d

refl ex v alv e

each.

6.7

Fire Fighting

Staff

6.7.1 A

fire

fighting

squad consist ing

of

security

and

maintenance personnel

under

the

command

of a

trained

fire chief,

conversant

with the fire

control

system of the premises, shall

be

available.

Further, the

public

fire brigade shall

also be

acquainted

w ith w hat

is

being

installed

in

the

premises

an d how the protection systems

operate.

F or

this

purpose, detai ls of the arrangements

for

fire fighting systems and

the

layout plan incorporating the position of the

existing fire

protection

system shall be forwarded to the

local

fire

brigade

for their information and

necessary

action.

6.7.2 As the efficiency

of the

wet

r iser system

depends on

the

manner and speed at w hich they

are brought

into

use,

a

squad consist ing of trained

personnel

and fire pump

m an shall

be

maintained

on

the premises round the

clock.

The

number

of

personnel

for

the sq uad

shall

necessarily depend upon the

s i z e

of the building but in

no case

shall be l e s s

than

four t ra ined

persons (excluding

officer

in-charge

on duty and

pump

man)

be available at

anytime

during

th e

d ay or

night.

6.7.3 A public ad d re ss s ys te m s ha ll be provided on each floor including the control

room

in order

to

enable

secur ity and

fire fighting staff to

give

evacuatio n ins truc tio ns to the o cc upan ts in

case

of fire.

Evacuation drills shall

be

arranged

periodically.

6.7 .4 A

metal

strip of

25

m m x 3 m m

section

shall

be

provid ed in the staircase enclosure

running

throughout

the height

of

the building to faci li ta te transmission and

reception

of

fire

messages

through walkie-talkie sets used by

brigade

personnel. The s trip

shall

be electrically insulated

from the ground.

6.7.5

A

plan_of the ris k

giving

floor-wise details

of

all f ire

extinguishing

appliances

and

water

supplies

shall

be

displayed

in

the

pump

house a s

well

as

in the

room

of the security/fire officer who

is

in-charge

of

the appliances.

0

M P 1 :

I

I

I

I

I

I

M V P - 1 * ?

# . “ ' i ' . *


24/92

/ \

F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL

7 .

HYDRANT SERVICE :

(Installation of

Hand

Appliances as

pe r

the

Committee’s

Regulat ions

is a

prerequisite

for an y

occupancy,

other

than

a

storage occupancy, to

be

entitled to a llo w a nc e fo r

this

system); ' .

7 .1 General :

7.1.0

The

following

Regulations

are not

applicable to H ig h -R is e

Buildings,

the highest

floor of which

'

is

more than 22 m . abo ve th e sunounding ground

level

or to Cotton Gin

an d

Press Factories,

for which

reference m ay be made to Sections 6 an d 8 respectively.

7.1.1 A

well designed

an d w e ll

laid

hydrant service

is

the backbone

of the

enti re f ire fighting

equipment

as

it

fights

fires of serious proportions in all

classes

of risks and continues to be in full operation

'

even

if

part(s) of

affected

buildings

and/or structures

have

collapsed,

and alsotkeeps cool

all

adjoining propert ies, thereby

minimizing

the

exposure

hazards.

7.1.2 The advantages

of

providing

for possible

fu ture extens ions in any

scheme of hydrant

protection

is often overlooked. A comparatively

small extension

with

its

attendant friction

losses

may overload

a main

so

seriously as to

necessitate replacement

by on e

of larger

size an d the

small

additional

initial

cost

of

mains

of somewhat larger

capacity

than

imm ed ia te requ irements

may c all fo r,

often leads to ultimate

economy.

7.1.3

All components of

the hydrant s ys tem s ha ll be

of

a type and ma ke

approved by

the Tariff

Advisory Commit tee.

7.1.4

The standards

laid

down in this Manual represent the accumulated experience of many years

but

even

when

a

hydrant

service

is

designed

and

laid

in

accordance

with

these standards,

its

efficiency

in

firefighting

will ultimately

depend

upon

the

rapidity w ith w h ich

it

is

brought

in to action and the

ability

with which its

effort

is directed.

<

7.1.5 The maintenance of an installation

is equally vital

and the

importance

of organized

wetdril ls

at regular

intervals, which

ensure that each m an

carries

ou t his

allotted duties

in

the

shortest

possible

t ime

cannot

be too strongly emphasized. (Please

s e e

7.10 in this connection).

_ ‘ 7 .2 Classifications of Occupancies

:

'

7.2.0

As

the

water supply, pumping capacity and

other features

of the

hydrant

system depend no t

only

on

the

size

of

the risk

but

also on

its

fire

growth

and

spread

potentialities,

the

risks

are to

be

categorised under the following

classes

for

the

purpose of hydrant system design:

N.B.

F or categorisation

of

occupancies no t listed hereunder

reference shall be

made to the Reg ional

Offices:

7.2 .1

Light

Hazard

Occupancies :

Abrasive Manufacturing

Premises

Aerated

Water Factories

Agarbatti Manufacturing

Aluminium/Zinc

and C opper

Factories

Analytical

and/or

Q uality’

Control

Laboratories


25/92

F IRE .

P ROTECT ION MANUAL

Asbestos

Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.

Battery Charging/Service Station

attery

Manufacturing

Brewer ies

Brick

Works

Canning

Factories

Cardamom Factories

Cement Factories and/or

Asbestos

Products

Manufacturing.

Ceramic

Factories

and C ro ck e ry an d S to ne wa re Pipe Manufacturing.

Cinema Theatres ( including Preview‘Theatres) l

Clay

Works

C lock and Watch Manufacturing

Club

Coffee

Curing

& Roasting

Premise

Computer installat ions (Main

Frame)

Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and Dairies.

Confectionery

Manufacturing

Dwellings

Educational and Research Institutes

Electric

Generating

Houses (Hydel)

E lec tric Lam p s (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and

TV

Picture Tube Manufacturing.

Electric

Sub-Station/Distribution

Station .

E lectro Pla ting Works.

E le ctrm ic and /o r C om p ute r E q uipm e nt Assemble and manufacturers.

Empty Containers Storage

Yard

Engineering Workshops.

Fruits and

Vegetables

Dehydrating/Drying

Factories.

Fruit Products and Condiment

Factories.

Glass

&

Glass Fibre Manufacturing.

Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-com bustible Goods.

Green

Houses

Gold

Thread Factories/Gi ld ing Factories.

G um

and/or

Glue and Ge la tine M anu fa ctu ring .

Hospitals including X -ray and other

Diagnostic

Clinics.

Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.

Ice

Factories.

I nk ( ex clu din g Prin tin g Ink)

Factories

Laundries.

Libraries.

Mica Products Manufacturing.

Office

Premises.

Places

of Worship

I

D

re

i z r z z n n z u m xn m a g »


26/92

F IRE P ROTECT ION

M A N U A L

' '

‘ = L ' . ‘ 1 _ ' I ‘ ~ . _

? " ' . . . . " ; ' ; ~ 1 2 ' : ¢ i - _ ~

25

7.2.2

'~/2

Pottery Works.

Poultry Farms.

R esidential Hotels,

Cafes

&

Restaurants.

Salt Crushing Factories an d Refineries.

Stables.

/Steel P la nts ( oth er than G as based)

Sugar Candy Manufacturing.

Sugar

Factories

and

Refineries.

Tea Blending

an d

Tea Packing Factories

Umbrella

Assembling Factories

Vermicelli Factories.

Water

Treatment/Water Fi l tration Plants and Water

Pump

House.

Ordinary

Hazard Occupancies :

Airport

and

other Transportation

Terminal

Building.

Arecanut slicing and/or Betelnut Factories.

Atta

an d Cereal

Grinding.

Baker ies.

Beedi

Factories.

Biscuit Factories.

Bobbin Factories.

Book-binders,

Envelopes

& Paperbag

Manufacturers.

Bulk Storage

Cable

Manufacturing

Camphor

Boiling.

Candle

Works.

Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.

Card

board Box

Manufacturing.

Carpenters, Woodwool & F urniture Manufacturers.

Carpet

and

Dru

fire fight tac

Documents