fire deaths in finland matti orrainen 19.5.2011 bled slovenia 28.8.2015
TRANSCRIPT
SPEK’s services
Acc
iden
t pre
vent
ion Fire brigade services
Preparedness and civil protection
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Government Programme on Internal Security
Objective:
Finland will be the safest country in Europe in year 2015
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Action programme for promoting home fire safety - Priority measures
1) Legislation on RIP cigarettes– 1 April 2010
2) Establishing new procedures for investigating all fires that caused serious injuries
– Focus on fire deaths and major fires
3) Higher fire safety standards for sheltered housing and assisted living– Focus area in the current Internal Security Programme
4) Requirement of mains-operated smoke alarms in new dwellings– Revision of Building Code February 2009
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Challenges in the field of fire and accident prevention
• Ageing population
• Increasing use of alcohol and drugs
• Assisted living instead of care homes
• Increasing number of one person households
Number of home and leisure accidents continues to increase
Photos: Helsinki Rescue Services
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Smoke alarms in fatal fires years 2007-2009
Smoke alarm operated
18 %
Operation unknown
24 %
No smoke alarm35 %
No information15 %
Smoke alarm did not operate
8 %
Smoke detectors required in all homes from September 2000
Smoke alarm ownership (gallup poll)
42 %53 %
68 %
95 % 94 % 95 %
0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %
100 %
1992 1995 1999 2002 2005 2008
No smoke alarm in 38% of residential fires (years 2007-2009)
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Fire safer cigarettes (RIP-cigarettes)
• RIP - Reduced Ignition Propensity• Cigarettes that are less likely to ignite upholstered furniture and bedding• Helps to reduce injuries and property damage from fires caused by
smouldering cigarettes
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Smoking related fires in Finland
• 6 % of all fires (950 fires)
• 10 % of forest fires (400 fires)
• 30–40 % of accidental fire deaths (25–35 casualties)
– cause of fire smoking in bed– over 50 % alcohol related– over 30 % had disabilities or
restricted mobility
• Direct property damage over 6 million euros
• Expected results– at least 10–15 lives saved every year– 20 % reduction in number of cigarette
fires– 25 % reduction in direct property
damage
Photo: Police archives
Results of Effectiveness (Rip cigarettes)
(2007-2009) average 28/year fire deaths caused by smoking
(2010) 16/year
The number of fires reduced 12%
The number of building fires reduced 5%
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Evacuation safety of hospitals, nursing care, sheltered housing and assisted living
• “Responsible person” makes a safety assessment before premises are occupied and reviews it at least every three years
• Local rescue authority controls whether the safety precautions are adequate and when necessary requires improvements– Additional personnel, retroactive fitting of automatic fire
sprinkler systems, etc.
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Higher fire safety standards for sheltered housing and assisted living - Simple fire risk assessment
CFPA E Guideline No 6:2004 Fire safety in residential homes for the elderly
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Sprinkler saved human lives
Oulu, wood frame block of flats
Jyväskylä, hotel
Vammala, Sastamala hospital
Kangasala, service home for elderly people
Orivesi, service home for elderly people
Jyväskylä, jail in police station
Kotka, care home
Kuopio, jail in police station
Jyväskylä, jain in police station
Rovaniemi, care home
Lahti, boarding house for students
Helsinki, Cirrus (2 ), high rise building
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Life-threatening conditions
The fire continues spreading
•Preliminary fire extinguishing won’t help•Structural solutions don’t work
•No automatic fire extinguishing system•Fire brigade arrives too late
or fails in extinguishing in time
A person won’t leave the premisses
or is not rescued in time
Rescue won’t succeed
•The victim is alone•Present or near-by occupants have no time or possibility
to rescue•The fire brigade can’t manage the task in time
Exit by him/herself fails
Technical barrier•lack of escape routes•routes too narrow•routes locked
Restriction in functionalcapacity•mobility•perception•understanding
Delay in perception or response•lack of smoke detector•failed situation assesment
FIRE DEATH
Fire death mechanism
SPRINKLER WORKS
A FIRE BREAKS OUT
Prevention failed because ofnegligence
technical failurehuman factor
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