findings on entrepreneurship in the sa university system ... · 2013 2030 other jobs jobs with smes...
TRANSCRIPT
FindingsonEntrepreneurshipintheSAUniversitySystem,andtheBroaderContextofEntrepreneurship
intheSouthAfricanPublicEducationSystem
FindingsoftheEnablingEntrepreneurshipTechnicalTaskTeam
EDHELekgotla 16March2017
EntrepreneurshipisCentraltoLife…
• ThesinglemostimportantwaytogrowjobsinSouthAfricaisthroughprotectingandgrowingsmallbusinesses
• “It’sbecomeatoppriorityforourUniversities”DeputyMinisterManana• ACommunityofPractice• Havingfun…lookatwhereweare• Creativity• TheNatureofLifeistoGrow…• Alongwithallthedisciplinethatisnecessaryforsuccess…• Collaborationspace.Letsallownthisinourhearts,andworktogether• Wecanonlydothistogether• TheEnablingEntrepreneurshipTaskTeam…veryexcitingcollaborationof
passionatestakeholdersandindividuals• Thenatureoftheentrepreneuristonotletfundsorconstraintsgetinthe
way,andsoitshouldbeinourUniversities• Putinthepassion,andthefundswillcome• Forgivetheneedforspeed…4-yearsofresearchand1½around
implementation
ThankYou’s…CongratulationstoDHETandAllUniversitiesRepresentedHereToday
• Dr VanStaden• Dr NorahClarke• UJ:• ResolutionCircle• DGandDDG• DeputyMinister• DBE:DG,severalChiefDirectors• SmallBusinessMinistry• Allstakeholdersinvolved• MembersoftheEnablingEntrepreneurshipTaskTeam• SpecificmembersinvolvedintheHigherEducationworkstream,ledbyDr
VanStaden,Dr Cassiem• AlltheUniversitieswhoaremakingsomuchprogressinthisarea
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ExecutiveSummary(1of2)
• ManyconsiderunemploymenttobetherootcauseofmanyofS.A.’sproblems• AprimarygoaloftheNDPistocreate11mnewjobsby2030• Smallbusinesses(<50)arecurrentlyandarelikelytoremainthelargestemployer(70%)• SmallbusinessesaretheGoldofSouthAfrica.Thisiswhereyoungpeoplemostlikelyto
getsomeworkexperience• Thereforegrowing,developingandsupportingSMMEsisakeycontributor• Thisrequiresafocused,integratedandsystematicapproach• Itistheviewthatthecountrycanmakegreatstridesforwardwithoutmassivecost
Thefollowingisrecommended:• AnationalCouncilonEntrepreneurshiporaneffectivegovernmentdepartment
focusedonentrepreneurshipandsmallbusinessbeestablished- integration• AnationalentrepreneurshipplanisdrawnupforS.A.alignedtotheNDPandIPAP• InSchools:
– EntrepreneurshipandassociatedskillsshouldbeincorporatedfromGr 1- Gr 12– Businessasasubjectcanbemademorepracticalanduseful[FreeStatepilot]
ExecutiveSummary(2of2)
• InFETColleges:howtostartandrunasmallbusinessshouldbeacompulsorysubject• InUniversities:EDHEinitiativesshouldbesupportedtogrowentrepreneurshipacross
allinstitutions.• Thefundingformulashouldbeconsideredastohowitcanincludeinnovation
outputs;universitiesshouldfocusentrepreneurshipeffortsmoreontheirownstudents
• Forthepublicatlarge,effectiveentrepreneurshipisaboutanecosystemofsupport,nottrainingalone
– Tosolvethelackofintegratedandavailableinformation:newsmallbusinessnationalportal;further,a‘one-stop-shop’or‘NationalVirtualIncubator’leveragingtechnology
– Trainingcanbemademoreeffective:useofselection;approachtoentrepreneurshiptraining;sharingofcurriculum,content,andbestpractice;measurement;follow-up
– Bestpracticecurriculumandmethodssharedandmadefreelyavailable– Abodyshouldbecreatedtoregulateandaccreditsmallbusinessserviceproviders– Micro-franchisingshouldbegivenstrategicfocus– Taxregimesandpolicyrelatedtosmallbusinessshouldbeadjustedtobestimulatory,and
redtaperemoved
Somewonderfulwins…implementationoftheworkoftheTaskTeamcontinuesstrongly
• Analyzed700studiesonEntrepreneurshipandSmallBusiness• NationalPortal:scoped50-countriesportals,scopedandcostednewSANational
Portal.Approvalsreceivedatalllevels.• NationalVirtualIncubator:designedthe‘1-stopshop’concept
– WozaOnline:100-millionheardaboutit;1mmentionsonGoogle;65,000 smallbusinessescreatedwebsites;tracked1,000ofthem;R350msavingstoSMME’stodate;potentialsavingsoverR1billion;nowdevelopingwebsitesfor1,600schoolscountrywidewiththeDBE
– RegenesysFreeEducationavailable:freeMBA,BBA,PGDM,HDBM:allvideos;textbooks;100-300pagemanuals;500,000uniquevisitors;
– FinfindEasy.co.za – 75,000uniqueusers,and25,000haveaccessedfinancethroughthesite
– Youthworks andYouthworks.mobi– NationalMentorshipMovement- NMM– EstimatedR100msavingstoSMME’s– Othernationaltoolsunderdevelopmentbydti/privatesector
Somewonderfulwins…implementationoftheworkoftheTaskTeamcontinuesstrongly
• EDHE(ForumofEntrepreneurialDevelopmentCentresatHigherEducationInstitutions)launchedbyDHET
• ILO:BasicEducationEntrepreneurshiptrialmonitoredin60-schoolsinFreeState.Majorlongitudinalstudybeingconducted
• EntrepreneurshipinSchoolsNationalBlueprint– Pilotisnowrollingoutto330schools,through550teachers,toreach70,000students
11Millionnewjobs needtobecreatedby2030accordingtotheNDP
• Therearecurrentlyapproximately13memployedSouthAfricans• TheNationalDevelopmentPlansetsatargetof24millionjobsby2030
Thereforeinthenext17years,an additional11millionjobsareneeded
13
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10
15
20
25
2013 2030
Millionjobs
Wherewillthesejobscomefrom?7.7millionfurthernewjobswillmostlikely needtobe createdbySMME’s
• Currentlynearly9mjobsareprovidedthroughSMMEs(~70%ofSA’sworkforce),andmillionsmoreintheinformalsector
• Ifweincludetheinformalsector,weestimatecurrentlyaround85%upwardsofSouthAfricansfeedtheirfamiliesthroughsmallbusiness
• WeestimatethattomeettheNDPtargetinthenext17years,7.7moftheadditionaljobswouldneedtobeprovidedthroughSMMEs,toproduceatotalof17millionformaljobsinSMME’s.
9
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2013 2030
Otherjobs
JobswithSMEs
Millionjobs
Outofthe19keytargetssetoutintheNDP2030,40% incorporatestrategyaroundsmallbusinessandthesupportoftheentrepreneurshipecosystem
70%
70%
30%
30%
OntheassumptionthatSMMEswillcontinuetocontribute70%ofjobs
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1,04 m own a business more than 3.5 yrs old (10% increase)
2,5 m are setting up a business
2,39 m discontinue a business (10% decrease)
1.94 m own a business less than 3.5 yrs old (10% increase)
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Youngpeopleneedtobeprovidedwiththeskills,mindsetsandattitudestostartbusinessesandsustainthem
Country
Nascent
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rship
TEA
Establishe
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sine
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nershiprate
Discon
tinua
tionof
busine
sses
Malawi 18 20 36 11 29
Zambia 27 15 41 4 20
Namibia 11 7 18 3 12
Ethiopia 6 9 15 10 3
Ghana 15 23 37 38 16
Nigeria 22 14 35 16 8
Botswana 17 12 28 6 16
Uganda 10 28 36 31 26
SouthAfrica 4 3 7 2 5
%ofadultsengagedindifferentphasesofentrepreneurship
100,0%
19,0%14,0%
7,3% 2,3%
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
Totaladu
ltpo
pulatio
n
Potentialentrprene
urs
Intentionalentrepren
eurs
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eurs(T
EA)
Establish
edbusinesso
wne
rs
Source:GEMSouthAfricareport2012
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Graduates,asmall%’ageofthepopulation,contributethevastmajorityofthecountry’sGDP,thereforeitisvitalthatpeopleattenduniversityandhighereducationtoincreasethiscontributiontojobcreationandeconomicprosperityforall
Source:DrAzar Jammine (2010)OutlookforSouthAfrica’sRetailEconomy
ShareofGDPcontributionbyeducationlevel
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TheTaskTeamfurtherconductedaStudyatSouthAfrica’sUniversitiesandBusinessSchools- 32outof36publichighereducationinstitutionsrespondedtoasurveytounderstandentrepreneurshipofferings
• 20/23universities• 12/13publicgraduatebusinessschools(aswellas4privatebusinessschools)• RespondentsincludedDVC’s,deans,professors,seniorlecturers,anddirectors
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3 4 5 6
UniversitiesCore UniversitiesElectives
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3 4 5 6+
PublicCore PublicElectives
Universities Businessschools
ThemajorityofpublicHEIsofferatleastofonecoreandoneelectivemoduleinentrepreneurship,withsomeuniversitiesofferingmorethanfour...butthisisacrosstheentireuniversity
Currententrepreneurshipofferings
95%ofuniversitiesand91%ofbusinessschoolssurveyedinSAbelievethattheuniversitysectorisnotadequatelyfosteringacultureofentrepreneurship• Respondentswereasked:“Ifyouhadtogeneralise,wouldyoupersonallysaythatSouth
Africa'suniversitysectorisstronginthepromotionofacultureofentrepreneurshiptoitsstudentsandsurroundingcommunities?”
Overwhelminglytheanswerwas“no”,indicatingthatalotneedstobedone
9% 5%
91%
75%
20%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
PublicGSB PublicUniversities
Yes No Both
WhilemostHEIsoffersomeformofentrepreneurialeducation,contentistaughtusingtraditionalmethods&onlytobusinessstudents
Researchshowsthatdevelopingtheentrepreneurialmindsetisbestachievedthroughtheuseofinteractivepedagogicmethods,suchasroleplaying,actionlearningandexperientialteaching
HencetheneedtosharebestpractiseanddevelopastandardisedentrepreneurshipofferingacrossHEIs
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
GSBs Universities
MorefocusshouldbegiventoStudents
SomeHEIsareworkingcloselywiththeirsurroundingcommunitiestosupportlocalentrepreneurship,butencouragingthedevelopmentofentrepreneurs“in-house”
throughthesupportofincubatorsandtechnologytransferofficesislacking.
HencetheneedforHEIstofocusontheirownstudentsanddevelopsupportmechanisms
0123456789
Centrefo
rEntrep
rene
urship
Commun
ity
Engagemen
tinitiatives
Techno
logyTransfer
Office
UniversityBu
siness
Incubator
Social
Entrep
rene
urship
Initiatives
Financing/F
unding
GraduateSchoolsofBusiness
02468
101214161820
Centrefo
rEntrep
rene
urship
Commun
ity
Engagemen
tinitiatives
Techno
logyTransfer
Office
UniversityBu
siness
Incubator
Social
Entrep
rene
urship
Initiatives
Financing/F
unding
Universities
Inordertodomore,95%ofuniversitiesexpressedfundingastheirtopchallenge
Hencetheneedtoconsidermechanismstofundentrepreneurship,forexample:InnovationOutputsaspartofthefundingformula,andalsoestablishentrepreneurshipthroughcurricularandextra-curricularactivities,universitychairs,accreditationrequirements,researchgrants,etc.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Staffavailability
Lackoffacultyinterest
Lackofstudentinterest
Legitimacy
Lackoffocus
Time
Qualificationoffaculty
Funding
Thetopthreechallengesthattheuniversitiesexpressedwere:• Lackoffunding(95%)•Qualificationofstaff(75%)• Time(55%)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Time
Lackofstudentinterest
Legitimacy
Qualificationoffaculty
Lackoffocus
Staffavailability
Funding
Lackoffacultyinterest
Universities Businessschools
AneedwasidentifiedtochampionentrepreneurshipatHEI’s,andEDHEistocreateaCommunityofPracticetosupportentrepreneurshipacrossHEIs.Thereisaneedforleadershiptosupport
• TheForumofEntrepreneurshipDevelopmentCentresatHigherEducationInstitutionswaslaunchedon18th July2013
• ThepurposeofFEDCIistoprovideaplatformthroughwhichuniversitiescancollaborateandstrategiseonspecificentrepreneurialissuesfacingHEIs
• FEDCIaimstoserveasaforumforthediscussionofdevelopmentsinentrepreneurship,sharingbestpracticeinteaching,training&developmentandresearch
• Progresstodatehasbeenlimited• IntimewhenFEDCIissuccessfulitcouldpotentiallybeextendedtoFET’s
WhileFEDCIhasbeenestablishedtherearenodedicatedresourcesandnofundingtoenable theforumtodriveitsgoals
Thereisaneedtoformallyrecognise,staffandfundFEDCI
RECOMMENDATIONS:ASeriesofRecommendationsweredeveloped:thesecanbecharacterizedbysevensuccessfactorstoframe,design,launch,andsustaineffortsinentrepreneurshipeducation
1. Seniorleadershipvision,engagementandsponsorship.Thisiskey
2. Strongprogrammaticandfacultyleadership
3. Sustainedcommitmentoveralongperiodoftime
4. Commitmentoftargetedfinancialresourcestoinnovationand
entrepreneurship
5. Commitmenttocontinuinginnovationincurriculumandprogrammesand
sharingofbestpracticecurriculumandmethodologies
6. Anappropriateorganisationalinfrastructureacrossandwithininstitutions
7. CommitmenttobuildingextendedenterpriseineachoftheUniversities
andachievingcriticalmass
Entrepreneurshipeducationshouldbepositionedatastrategiclevelandnotonlyinthecommercefaculty
• Championentrepreneurshipatthehighestlevelandmakeitastrategicpriority–
fromthePresidency,toDHET,toVC’s,andPrincipals
– Placeentrepreneurshipontocentrestageasanessentialjob-creationstrategy
• Investigatethefundingformulatoincludeinnovationoutputsandresearchthat
specificallyleadstojobcreation,povertyallevation,andcommercialization
• RecogniseandempowerEDHEtodrivetheagenda,asanexistingstructure
embracedbytheinstitutions
• Encourageresearchintoentrepreneurshipeducationandrelatedfields,and
fostereasymechanismstosharethisresearch
• Entrepreneurshipeducationshouldbeofferedacrossfaculties,especiallyFET’s
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Universities…
• EstablishentrepreneurshipcentresatallUniversities
• Refocusuniversityentrepreneurshipinitiativesonthestudentsthemselves
• Develop‘best-practice’coursesandmechanismsforsharing
• Createacentralisedknowledgesharingsite‘inthecloud’.RelevantIPshould
besharedandconsideredanationalasset
• Allocateuniversityfundingspecificallyforentrepreneurshipdevelopment
• InitiateanewNationalEntrepreneurshipWeek
Measuringandtrackingresultsofinitiativeswillensurethattheanticipatedimpactisrealised
• Auditallcurrententrepreneurship-relatedofferings
• Definethespecificrequiredoutcomesforentrepreneurship
education
• Mechanismsshouldbeinstalledtodetermineifrequired
outcomesarebeingmet
• SAshouldparticipateintheannualglobalGUESSsurveyto
assessstudents’entrepreneurialintentionsandstrengths
comparedtostudentsaroundAfricaandtheworld
TheroleofBusiness:Partnershipsarekeyandensureitisnotjustanacademicendeavour
• Buildstrongerrelationshipsbetweenbusinessandacademicinstitutions
– ConsiderestablishingbusinessparksrelatedtoUniversities
• Buildandsupportsuccessfulentrepreneurialsupportinitiativesat
universities,suchasEnactus
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Thankyou
Andnow...
let’sdiscuss/debate/askquestions
TheTaskTeamConductedanIn-DepthResearchStudyatFETCollegestounderstandentrepreneurshipeducationatFET’s:
Highlevelfindingsinclude:• Entrepreneurshipeducationismainlyseenasaresponsetotheproblemof
unemploymentofFETCollegegraduates.• Asaresultofpolicychangein2007,entrepreneurshipprogrammeswerelargely
abandoned andtherewasanaccompanyinglossofmotivation,passion,capacityandpartnershipstodriveentrepreneurshipeducation.
• ThepresentcurriculumisviewedbyCollegepersonnelandstudentsalikeasbeing“veryacademic,verytheoreticalandverylittle(thatis)practical”.Ithasnotbeenreviewedin20years.
• EntrepreneurshipeducationanddevelopmentisnotamandatedactivitybytheDepartmentofHigherEducation&Training andisthereforenotfundedasadistinctfocalactivity.
• Lecturersofentrepreneurshipcoursesgenerallydonothavetheknowledge,experienceortrainingtobuildenthusiasmaroundentrepreneurship.
• Thereisaweakinterestamongstudentstopursuetheirownbusinesses,asculturallythisisstillseenasthehigh-risk,high-failureoption.
AtFETCollegesmakeEntrepreneurshipaStrategicFocus
• Shouldn’teverytraineehairdresser,plumber,electrician,etcgainatleastsomebasicknowledgeofstartingandrunningabusiness?Inallpartsoftheworld,thesetypesofprofessionformanimportantpartofthesmallbusinesssector
• TheDepartmentofHigherEducation&TrainingneedstodevelopaclearnationalpolicyonentrepreneurshipeducationanddevelopmentwithinFETColleges.
• EntrepreneurshipeducationshouldbepositionedasapositivepartoftheFEToffering,asanenablerofeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress
• Entrepreneurshipeducation(theoryandexperiential)shouldbemandatedbygovernmentpolicyacrossallfieldsofFETlearning
• Corefundingshouldbeprovidedbythegovernmenttoenablethesustainableimplementationofprogrammes
• EntrepreneurshipdevelopmentwithinaCollegeshouldbedrivenbythePrincipalandclearlyspeltoutasapriorityfocusintheinstitution’sstrategicplan
• Educatordevelopmentisessentialforthoseteachingentrepreneurship• Anationalsupportoffice:Giveconsiderationtoestablishinganadequately-
resourcednationalofficeforentrepreneurshipeducationanddevelopment
DevelopadecentandrelevantentrepreneurshipcurriculumforallFET’sandacrossdepartments
• ThecurriculumurgentlyneedstobereviewedtoberelevanttocurrenteconomicrealitiesandextendedtoallCollegestudentsregardlessofcourseofstudy
• Incorporatepracticalandexperientialopportunitiesforlearningthatareexciting,memorable,and‘lifechanging’
• Practicalexperientialprojectscanincludesocialentrepreneurshipprojectstoupliftaspectsoflocalcommunities
• Theexperiencegainedintheprocessofstartingupandrunningabusiness,especiallyoneinthefieldofthestudent’sstudy,shouldberecognisedbyUmalusiasmeetingtherequirementsfortheawardofaNationalNDiploma
• Collegesshouldmakedeliberateeffortstoplacegraduatestudentsinsmallexistingbusinessestogetapprenticeship,mentoring,anddevelopskills
• Pedagogicalapproachesneedtobethoroughlyreviewedtoincorporateauseofavarietyofteachingandassessmentmethodssuchascasestudies,computer-basedsimulations,invitationtoentrepreneursandbusinesspeopletoaddressstudents,andparticipationinbusinessplancompetitions.Theseapproachesshouldgivethestudentsaroad-map,openinguptheworldofsmallbusinesstothem,andgivingthemresourcesthatcanbehelpfulcareer-long
• Theuseofquality‘smallbusiness’helpcontentsupportedthroughtheinternetandcellphones,shouldbemadeavailablelife-longtosupportFETgraduates
ANationalForum,Linkages,andPublicCampaigns
• EstablishanationalforumforthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipeducationanddevelopmentwithinFETColleges.ThiscouldbeFEDCI,orabranchofFEDCI.
• EncourageandsupportlocalCollegestoestablishlinkswiththeircounterpartsinotherpartsoftheworldthatareknowntohaveeffectiveentrepreneurshipeducationanddevelopmentprogrammes.
• EncourageCollegestoestablishaplatformforregularinteractionbetweenthemselvesandvariousstakeholdersandprospectivepartnersatlocal,provincialandnationallevelandmeasuretheperformanceofCollegesinmaintaininganddevelopingtheserelationships.
• AvisiblepubliccampaigntoprofileentrepreneurshipasaworthypursuitshouldbedesignedandexecutedalongsideeffortstodriveentrepreneurshipwithinFETColleges
Entrepreneurshipeducationisanecessitythroughoutlife
Entrepreneurshipeducationplaysanessentialroleinshapingattitudes,skillsandculture– fromtheprimarylevelup.Webelieveentrepreneurialskills,
attitudesandbehaviourscanbelearned,andthatexposuretoentrepreneurshipeducationthroughoutanindividual’slifelonglearningpath,startingfromyouthandcontinuingthroughadulthoodintohighereducation–
aswellasreachingouttothoseeconomicallyorsociallyexcluded– isimperative.
WorldEconomicForum’sGlobalEducationInitiative(2009)
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POSSIBLEINITIATIVES
• NewNationalEntrepreneurshipWeekacrossUniversities
• NationalandGlobalPrizesforstudentinnovationandentrepreneurship
• ‘EntrepreneurshipOlympiads’
• OfferingfullNationalVirtualIncubatortoallUniversitystudents
• BuildingexistingorganisationssuchasEnactis andothersoperatingacrossUniversities
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