findings for czech republic
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Findings for Czech Republic. Do all residents have equal rights , responsibilities and opportunities to become full members of society & Czech citizens? Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according to European & international standards on Equal Treatment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Findings for Czech Republic
Tool to compare, analyse, and improve integration policy
• Do all residents have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities to become full members of society & Czech citizens?
• Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according to European & international standards on Equal Treatment
• Public “Quick Reference Guide”
For debate today
• No official data on implementation, evaluation, and impact• MIPEX clearly captures the policy & starts debate on rest: • Strictly scrutinize policy objectives, progress, and results
• How do the strengths & weaknesses in policies affect migrants?• What data do you have that laws & implementing measures are
being properly implemented?• Do we know what are the results of these laws for migrants?• How are integration policies undermined by general problems
of the rule of law?
Largest and most rigorous study of its kind (148 policy indicators)
7 Policy Areas for immigrants to participate in society:1)Labour market mobility* 2)Family reunion* 3)Education 4)Political participation* 5)Long-term residence* 6)Access to nationality 7)Anti-discrimination
•Covers 27 EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, Canada, USA
Background on indicators
148 indicators were developed by MPG & research partners for the seven strands
Each policy indicator reflects law/policy passed by 31 May 2010 (200 questions x 31 countries)• Each is scored by national correspondent(s) based on legal texts• the country is scored on three potential responses per question
Scores are then peer reviewed (2nd independent expert(s) from the country)
Age limits for sponsor and/or
Spouse/partnerAge of majority
1 2 3FAMILY REUNION
Between 18-21
with exceptions21 or over
Background on scores
Score
1) For each indicator: Country X
i.e. ‘age limits’ = 3 (100)
2) For each of 4 dimensions per strand (eligibility, conditions for acquisition, security of status, rights associated)
i.e. 5 indicators on eligibility for family reunion = 75 (sponsors, spouses, minor children, dependent relatives, dependent adult children)
3) For each strand i.e. 27 indicators on family reunion = 43
4) For each countryi.e. 142 indicators = 62
The results for each indicator are weighted and aggregated:
Key Findings
EU Average ≈50%: Halfway favourable Political will counts, more than tradition
Policies more similar and strong with EU law
Several new migration countries lead:GR, PT, ES, LU
Several others catch up on basics (EE, HU, LV...)
CZ +4 All because of Anti-Discrimination Law 198/2009
No other change in legal opportunities to integrate (but discretion in system changing implementation?)
• EU12 transposed EU law on LMM, FreU, LTR, but retain wide discretionResidence laws need full implementation with legal & clear rules
• Like EU27 average, weak on education & nationality• Like EU12, very weak on political participation• Unlike EU27, only halfway on fighting discriminationCZ needs reform for fully successful integration
10th
25th
15th
19th
29th
19th
15th
13th
Anti-discrimination
Because of EU law, countries greatly and consistently improve legal conditions for societal integration
CZ last to catch up, major progress to meet ‘minimum’
Anti-discrimination
‘Existing constitutional provisions’ not enough2X score, from worst & unfavourable to ‘halfway’ • Race/ethnicity ground• At least Public Defender of Rights now equality body• Protection against victimisation• Wider sanctions, access to legal aid & interpreters
Anti-discrimination
‘Minimum approach’ new & some of weakest in EU
• Religion ground in all areas (15, soon PL)
• Stronger & active Equality Body (BG,HU,RO)
• NGOs improve & use procedures (SK progress)
Equal access is standard in countries in lead or attracting migrant workers
Rights as favourable as unfav:• Should enforce equal working conditions (most)• Also law does not provide equal access to jobless benefits (unlike half) & public job services (unlike most)
Little attention to specific needs
Labour marketmobility
Family reunion
EU Areas of Strength:Basic legal right, residence & socio-economic rights for reunited families
Inclusive definition of family, but nearly all MS do not require sponsor’s permit to be permanent
Too many grounds remain for refusal, withdrawal, autonomous permits
Long-term residence
EU Areas of Strength:Basic security/rights for long-term residents
In CZ like EU12, few basic legal conditions can be applied with wide discretion: wide grounds, no guarantees for migrants with ties
Long-term residence
If properly implemented, LTR language test can be example of reducing unequal treatment & setting basic, professional conditions for all applicants to succeed
Political participation
Despite renewed interest, reform needed, esp. EU12
Gaps on political rights: 9 in Central Europe
Missing out on Voting Rights as ‘best practice’ (HU, SK...)
Regional integration centres miss chance for migrant self-organisation & consultation (see S. Europe)
Access to nationality
Areas of weakness:Despite years of talk on reform, missing out on EU reform trends: • Dual nationality (18) • Ius soli (15, e.g. DE, GR)• Short residence period (3-7 years total, not 10
Secure once citizens, but discretion undermines the ‘average’ conditions
Education
Areas of weakness:Most grant equal access to compulsory education, teach national & immigrant languages, & some form of intercultural education
• In CZ not for all legal TCNs• Schools retain discretion on implementation• In half, undocumented pupils access all school levels
Using MIPEX to improve integration policies (in Czech Republic???)