finalpresentation dwelling gordienko

8/10/2019 FinalPresentation Dwelling Gordienko

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Urban Dweller XXITowards another bureaucrac

2014 STUDIO DWELLING SVETLANA GORDIENKO

STRELKA INSTITUTE FOR ARCHITECTURE, MEDIA AND DESIGN


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...city is a place where non-freedtransfers into freedom

MAX WEBER. THE CITY. 2ND EDITION. FREEPRESS, 1966.


5/73OVERALL VIEW UPON NOVGOROD IN THE TIMES OF SUZDAL ARMY INTERVENTION,

Russian city Gorod


6/73RUSSIAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, SEMYONOV A.V., MOSCOW, YUNVES, 2003, SOUR

gorod n.(etym.) 1city 2wall, fence,

fenced living place to protect from en-

emies or wild animals


7/73

Ancient Greece

Cifirs

a mth

com

WATER CARRIERS. BASRELIEF. PHID


8/73

Citizen isfirst of all

a person livinginside the walls,

and secondly

the member ofthe community

NOVGORODIANS ON THE GERMAN LAND. WOODEN CARVED FRIEZE OF THE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS IN SHTRALZUND

Novgorod, IX century


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1400 - 1690 1700 - 1800

first registration for

guests in Moscow

1654

recommendation letter(registration +

recommendation

letter from where

a man used to live)

1684

Work Permit

(registration+ permit

received at the localmunicipality)

1686

Sobornoye ulozheniye

set of laws legitimizing

serfdom, no right to

move from the land

1649

Yuriev Daychange land and

landlord once a year

1497

Zapovednye leta

change land, only if in

several years after you

ran away you were not

caught by the landlord

1581

Road passes for travelers and craftsmen

Peter The Great

1701

Passport for everybody

moving from the city to

village and vice versa,

given by the employers

of the travelling man

1719

State of city dweller

- first grade citizens

- regular citizens

- bottom dwellers

not citizens at all, CHERN

1721

Confirmation

- those from other cities should have

a permission to leave their homeland

- heads of Moscow slobodas report

monthly of the amount of dwellers

in their areas

1742

Yekaterina II Letters patent to the Russian

cities - citizens are the middle class between

aristocracy and the peasantry

- real citizens ( real estate ownership)

- titled citizens (city government workers,

scientists, artists, capitalists, bankers, etc),later transformed into honoured citizens

- meschane (small entepreneurs, craftsmen

of all kinds)

1785

1833 - 1884

Alexander II residence permit:

A person is attached to his work place.

Passport needed only if you want to move

out for more than 6 months.Women can receive passport only with the agreement

of their husbands or farthers.

Society split into 2 parts - immobilised peasants, rural population

craftsmen, workers and meschane - the taxable estate,

paying a unified tax per person, being

mobilized as soldiers or public workers and allowed to

receive physical punishment.

Academia, artists, aristocracyand titled citizens are free from these obligations and are free to move.

1884

Landlord is allowed to

interfere into private life

of peasants, allow orprohibit marriages.

1833

Serfdom cancellation

1861

1917 - 1939

RSFSR,

everybodybecomes a citizen

of the RSFSR

1917

The Civil Code of the USSR,to facilitate implementation

on new economic policy all passports,ids and other restrictive documents

are cancelled and nothing can influence

citizens ability to move inside the

country receiving ID is an option and

not an obligation

UNIQUE LEGITIMATION PERIOD

1923-1928 easy access abroad

1923

Upon attachment of urban citizens

only infromative

character, registration is made on

informative basis, any documents

like employment history, birth

certificate or others can be used

to get registered in the city , 20- .,

--

35

. 22--23- 28--29-

. ,

,

1925

Peasants cannot leave

collective farming sites

without the permission.

OTHODNIKI

1933

United passport system and registration.Firstly in Moscow. Then for other city

dwellers and industrial zones workers.

You needed to

confirm that you have where to live

BUT no passports for former KULAKI,

jobless people, not having job invitation,

former or current jail inhabitants andthose who have been under court and

families of above mentioned people.

This law created a supreme importance

of working history and increased

anxiety about your living space at any

moment you could be thrown away or

could receive an unknown man as aneighbor in the apartment.

214 700 people withdrawed from Moscow,

476 182 from Leningrad

1932

SOVNARKOM

employment history books for former bourgeois as a main ID.

People who were not involved into

industrial or other production or labour were first to receiveemployment

history book. Without it they were not allowed to move over the country

or to receive food cards, which meant suffering from hunger.

In the Constitution the main responsibility of Soviet citizens was labour.Who does not work - does not eat

Workers of trade, former military men, entrepreneurs

or people owning financial assets, who are not involved into public works

Later employment history was started as main ID for all citizens

Restrictions of labour migration

1918

1953 - 1977

by this year USSR had 340

regime objects, where you

cannot move in withoutpassport, invitation, permission

and documented housing

(registration)

1953

Finally, passport are

given to everyone

1976

1991 - 1998 2002 -

Court permissive

character of registration

is stated as illegal

1991

Law 5242-1

Freedom of movement

Instead of propiska registration.

No registration is not a reason to

cut off mans rights//Instead of being attached

to certain land or city,

a citizen now can be registered

in an apartment

* Yury Luzhkov

was against this law.

Moscow existed in propiska

regime until court in 04/1996

06/1993

Constitution of Russian Federation

no propiska

12/1993

certain Moscow laws are stated

as anticonstitutionhal. No more

propiska even in Moscow. The

process of registration should bethe same for all former citizens

of the USSR

1996

Temporary registration limit

(1,5 month) is cancelled.

Norms of living space cannot

be used to withhold fromregistration

1998

Reglament #713 Rules of

registration, last alterations 2011

defined the bureaucratic procedure

of getting registration

1995

Registration is the same for all

former USSr dwellers who did not

get citizenship except

for the Russian one

1997

Military ticket no

needed to get re

2002

Temporary regis

federation citize

if they stay in the

than 90 days

2005

Government res

allowed to regis

post services or

But through pos

can only send aafterwards you

to visit FMS

2010

Constitutional C

recognizes the r

registered on da

2011

Government res

allowed to regispost services or

But through pos

can only send a

afterwards you

to visit FMS

2010

the fine for living without

registration grows from

100 rubles to 1500-2500

rubles, changes into

reglament 713

2004

Vladimir Putin,

Question state

to increase liabiand registration

2011

the law about Fincriminating cri

2013

new rules of form

Moscow Kinder

not allowing peo

registration to pinto the queue

2013

changes into Dw

limitation of regi

according to livi

2013

Pavel I reacting to arrising

revolutionary ideas forbids

to use the words society,

fartherland and citizen.

Instead - dwellers or inhabitants

1797

Railroad cleanings

not only cities areclosed objects,

but transportation

ways as well

you could not

settle freely there

1939

Timeline Measures for registrationand migration control


10/73

1649Sobornoye ulozheniye

Serfage

Travel letter


11/73


12/73

Noblemans passportno expiration date

PASSPORT OF ARIST


13/73

Regular urban dweller passportValid for 1 year

PASSPORT OF AN URBAN DW


14/73

DECREE ON DESTRUCTION OF E

1917Social classes destruction


15/73

CHANGE OF PASSPORTS, SAINTPETERSBURG, PR

1920Employment history book


16/73

1922Who doesnt work doesnt eat

EMPLOYMENT HI


17/73

1922Propiska

EMPLOYMENT HI


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1932Passport handled

EMPLOYMENT HI


19/73

1932New Soviet Passport

PROPISKA REGLAMENT, POSTER. 1959, U


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1932Deportations from cities

DEPORTED FROM SOVIET CITIES. DIGOUTS AND BARRACKS, PRINT, USS


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1932No passports for kolkhozes

MOVING PER


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1976Mass passportization

ARSENAL PLANT WORKERS HAVE JUST RECEIVED THE SOVIET PASSPORT, 1976, KIEV, U


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1993Constitution of theRussian Federation

Law of freedom ofmovement 5242-1

BORIS YELTSIN SWEARS AN OATH ON RUSSIAN C


24/73

Propiska renamed


25/73

Moscow city dweller legal model

Regis-

tration


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Registration

Russiancitizen

Foreigncitizen

i


27/73


Regis-tration

Russiancitizen

Living inMoscow

Expatinvited foreign specialistwith yearly salary not less

then 2 mln rubles

self-motivated foreign worker, working usually on a short-term conditions and dependant on the amount of agreed by

Russian goverment working places for migrants

Livingabroad

Labour migrant

Foreigncitizen


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Permanent Temporary

Living Address Registrationa means of migration accountance andstatistical survey

i i i i i


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Registration is used in most countries

USA


30/73

USA

Inform the police Inform utilities suppliers Inform elections commision


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I l


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Israel

Inform the local police Receive an attachment for your ID

Wh t i i t ti f ?


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What is registration for?

LAW OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION 52421 25.06.1993 ALTERATIONS FROM 28.12.2013 ON THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THEFREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND CHOICE OF PLACE OF RESIDENCE WIT

Registration is set in order to ensure the necessaconditions for citizens to fulfill their rights and freed

as well as the performance of their duties to other cithe state and society.

Constitutional rights


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RIGHTS freedom of movement inside the country the right to participate in the country management freedom to elect and be elected freedom of entepreneurship the right for labour and rest the right for social assistance the right to have home

the right for medical service the right for preschool and school education the right to defend your rights in the court freedom of creation and teaching presumption of innocence the right for private ownership the right for gatherings freedom of speech etc

OBLIGATIONS obligation to pay taxes obligation to take care about your kids obligation to take care about your elderly compulsory military service obligation to follow the constitution andRussian Federation

There are no rights without obligations, there are nobligations without rights

CONSTITUTION O

Constitutional rights

10 2 million of legal Muscovites


35/73

SOURCE: FEDE

10,2 million of legal Muscovites

8,1 mlnofficially

0,8 mlnregistereforeigncitizens

Figures of unaccounted city dwellers


36/73

12,6 10,2 = 1,4 mln

14 10,2 = 3,8 mln

20 10,2

Russian statistics agency, 2013:Moscows population

census 2010 corrected withNew Moscow development

plan is appr. 12 600 000

Migration expertsestimation 2013:

Moscows populationappr. 14 000 000

Speculative estconsump

Moscows appr. 20

Figures of unaccounted city dwellers

Distribution of social services among city


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Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary

registrationMedical carepolyclinics *

doctor visit *

traumatic department *

birth assistance *

emergency *

Educationpreschool education *

school *

out-of-school activities

professional education, college

high school

PhD

Electionsmunicipal elections *

city mayor elections *

regional elections *

federal elections *

Housingmunicipal housing

subsidy for young families

Moscow social cardfree public transport

communal subsidies

social assistance

Othermortgage bank loan

* rights, guaranteed by the Constit ution exclusive access to social services unrestrict ed access to so cial services limited access to social services no access to social services




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Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary


doctor visit *


birth assistance *

emergency *


school *



high school

PhD




federal elections *




communal subsidies

social assistance






39/73

Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary


doctor visit *


birth assistance *

emergency *


school *



high school

PhD




federal elections *




communal subsidies

social assistance






40/73

Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary


doctor visit *


birth assistance *

emergency *


school *



high school

PhD




federal elections *




communal subsidies

social assistance






41/73

Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary


doctor visit *


birth assistance *

emergency *


school *



high school

PhD




federal elections *




communal subsidies

social assistance






42/73

Registration

+ social category

Permanent reg.,

>5 yrs

Permanent

registration

Temporary


doctor visit *


birth assistance *

emergency *


school *



high school

PhD




federal elections *




communal subsidies

social assistance





43/73

Registration = Discriminatio

Deprived city dweller


44/73

Ivanov family Owner of theapartment

Employer

FMS

Polyclinics

Kindergarten

PrivateKindergarten

C

65 000 r.

Temporary registration

45 000 r.

Taxes

Taxes

Taxes

Deprived city dwellerMrs and Ms Ivanov family, Russian citizens, 6 months in Moscow, applying for a k

Temporary registrastion discriminates people and makes them p

No kindergarten path to poverty


45/73

No kindergarten path to poverty

WOMENS DA



46/73

Deprived city dwellerAnna, 24, Ukrainian citizen living in Moscow for 16 years applying for a job

Absence of legal status prohibits access to social services, more taxes

Anna Owner of theapartment

Employer

FMS

PolyclinicsKindergarten

Taxes

Federal Migration Service. Queue.


47/73

Federal Migration Service. Queue.

CENTRAL FMS OFFICE, KORNEYCHUKA ST



48/73

EXCLUDED NON-CITIZENSp y

Furkat, 36, from Chechnya, in Moscow for 2 years, regularly checked by policemen

Absence of civil rights due to lack of understanding from apartment

Furqat Owner of theapartment

Employer

FMS

PolyclinicsPolice

C

Shove the registration up your ass


49/73

DEMONSTRATION AT THE RED

g p y

Alterations 2013


50/73

notion offictitious

registration

crime liabilityfor fictitiousregistration, point322.2 in Crime

Code, up to 3years in jail

growth of finesfor fictitious

registrationfrom 1000 to7000 roubles,applicable bothfor propertyowners and

registrationseekers

+

Tatyana Kotlyar


51/73

y y

Deputy atObninsk

civil activisthas registeredmore than500 people

First criminalcase uponfictitiousregistration

SOUR

Corruption gateway


52/73

p g y

195 Federal Migration Systemoffices in Moscow

Informal business gateway


53/73

660 companies selling legal services


54/73

McDonaldsrestaurants,average bill280 roubles

Shokoladnitsarestaurants,average bill450 roubles

Regissalesaver

3000

156 211 85


55/73

TOWARDS THE NEW BUREACRACY

first registration for

1654Road passes for travelers and craftsmen

1701RSFSR,

19171923 Court permissive

1991


56/73

1400 - 1690 1700 - 1800

guests in Moscow

recommendation letter

(registration +

recommendation

letter from where

a man used to live)

1684

Work Permit

(registration+ permitreceived at the local

municipality)

1686

Sobornoye ulozheniye

set of laws legitimizing

serfdom, no right to

move from the land

1649

Yuriev Day

change land and

landlord once a year

1497

Zapovednye leta

change land, only if in

several years after you

ran away you were not

caught by the landlord

1581

Peter The Great

Passport for everybody

moving from the city to

village and vice versa,

given by the employers

of the travelling man

1719

State of city dweller

- first grade citizens

- regular citizens

- bottom dwellers

not citizens at all, CHERN

1721

Confirmation

- those from other cities should have

a permission to leave their homeland

- heads of Moscow slobodas report

monthly of the amount of dwellers

in their areas

1742

Yekaterina II Letters patent to the Russian

cities - citizens are the middle class between

aristocracy and the peasantry

- real citizens ( real estate ownership)

- titled citizens (city government workers,

scientists, artists, capitalists, bankers, etc),

later transformed into honoured citizens

- meschane (small entepreneurs, craftsmen

of all kinds)

1785

1833 - 1884

Alexander II residence permit:A person is attached to his work place.

Passport needed only if you want to move

out for more than 6 months.

Women can receive passport only with the agreement

of their husbands or farthers.

Society split into 2 parts - immobilised peasants, rural population

craftsmen, workers and meschane - the taxable estate,

paying a unified tax per person, being

mobilized as soldiers or public workers and allowed to

receive physical punishment.

Academia, artists, aristocracy

and titled citizens are free from these oblig ations and are free to move.

1884

Landlord is allowed to

interfere into private life

of peasants, allow or

prohibit marriages.

1833

Serfdom cancellation

1861

1917 - 1939

everybodybecomes a citizen

of the RSFSR

The Civil Code of the USSR,

to facilitate implementation

on new economic policy all passports,

ids and other restrictive documents

are cancelled and nothing can influence

citizens ability to move inside the

country receiving ID is an option and

not an obligation

UNIQUE LEGITIMATION PERIOD

1923-1928 easy access abroad

Upon attachment of urban citizens

only infromative

character, registration is made on

informative basis, any documents

like employment history, birth

certificate or others can be used

to get registered in the city

, 20- .,

--

35

. 22--23-

28--29-

. ,

,

1925

Peasants cannot leave

collective farming siteswithout the permission.OTHODNIKI

1933

United passport system and registration.

Firstly in Moscow. Then for other city

dwellers and industrial zones workers.

You needed to

confirm that you have where to liveBUT no passports for former KULAKI,

jobless people, not having job invitation,

former or current jail inhabitants and

those who have been under court and

families of above mentioned people.

This law created a supreme importance

of working history and increased

anxiety about your living space at any

moment you could be thrown away or

could receive an unknown man as a

neighbor in the apartment.

214 700 people withdrawed from Moscow,

476 182 from Leningrad

1932

SOVNARKOM

employment history books for former bourgeois as a main ID.

People who were not involved into

industrial or other production or labour were first to receiveemployment

history book. Without it they were not allowed to move over the country

or to receive food cards, which meant suffering from hunger.

In the Constitution the main responsibility of Soviet citizens was labour.

Who does not work - does not eat

Workers of trade, former military men, entrepreneurs

or people owning financial assets, who are not involved into public works

Later employment history was started as main ID for all citizens

Restrictions of labour migration

1918

1953 - 1977

by this year USSR had 340

regime objects, where youcannot move in without

passport, invitation, permission

and documented housing

(registration)

1953

Finally, passport are

given to everyone

1976

1991 - 1998

character of registration

is stated as illegal

Law 5242-1

Freedom of movement

Instead of propiska registration.

No registration is not a reason to

cut off mans rights//

Instead of being attachedto certain land or city,

a citizen now can be registered

in an apartment

* Yury Luzhkov

was against this law.

Moscow existed in propiska

regime until court in 04/1996

06/1993

Constitution of Russian Federation

no propiska

12/1993

certain Moscow laws are stated

as anticonstitutionhal. No more

propiska even in Moscow. The

process of registration should be

the same for all former citizens

of the USSR

1996

Temporary registration limit(1,5 month) is cancelled.

Norms of living space cannot

be used to withhold from

registration

1998

Reglament #713 Rules of

registration, last alterations 2011

defined the bureaucratic procedure

of getting registration

1995

Registration is the same for all

former USSr dwellers who did not

get citizenship except

for the Russian one

1997

the fine for living with

registration grows fr

100 rubles to 1500-25

rubles, changes

reglament 71

200

Pavel I reacting to arrising

revolutionary ideas forbids

to use the words society,

fartherland and citizen.

Instead - dwellers or inhabitants

1797

Railroad cleanings

not only cities are

closed objects,

but transportation

ways as well

you could not

settle freely there

1939

A long tradition of controland restrictions

City dweller status quo


57/73

Registration

City dweller status quo


58/73

RegistrationPassport

Migration

card

City dweller new status


59/73

Address

Bigger variety of documents


60/73

City Dweller: pensioner


61/73

City Dweller: student


62/73

City Dweller: labour migrant


63/73

City Dweller: housewife


64/73

Registration can be a set of rights and obligationupon you by the Constitution of Russian Federa


65/73

upon you by the Constitution of Russian FederaLike a backpack that you are taking with you for


66/73

DIGITAL BUREACRACYINSTEAD OF PAPER BUREAUCRACY

The misused platform


67/73

Data aggregation tool


68/73

Subject Gosuslugi.ru

government services website

Inter

Notifi

Servi

Goss

Fede

Service

Taxe

Milit

Med Educ

Elect

Socia

fill in your actualdwelling address

apply documents

fulfil the form of

needed services

register a newly arrivedcitizen

display available services

send notifications about

upcoming payments andobligations

advertise city services

Primary positive effects


69/73

Rental market legalisation Growth of the city budget income from taxes Social tension relief

Collatory positive effects


70/73

automatic census shrinking costs on Federal Migration Service corruption gateway closure speeding-up utility service reforms data aggregation

higher mobility self-government models development community building

Negative effects


71/73

negative property owners reaction additional social infrastructure load growth of jobless people


72/73

Experts and references


73/73

Experts

Olga Vendina, High School of Economics, sociologist

Dmitry Poletaev, economist, Institute for Migration StudiesSvetlana Gannushkina, Civilian Assistance foundation

Ilya Utekhin, historian, anthropologist, European University in

Saint-Petersburg

Victor Vahstain, sociologist, MSSES

Olga Chudnovskyh, economist, High School of Economics

Alexey Schukin, journalist, Expert

References

The city, Max Weber

Citizen in the city space, Phan IrinaArchaeology of the perifery, Moscow

Russian history, Vasily Klyuchevsky

finalpresentation dwelling gordienko

Documents