final survey december_2011_eng

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THE EU PROJECT “WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN UKRAINE –

COMMUNICATION COMPONENT”

FINAL SURVEY REPORT

5-18 November 2011, Kiev

Prepared by Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS)

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Research team:

Dr. Churilov N. - Independent Consultant, EU Project "Women and Children Rights in Ukraine -

Communication component", Consultant on research methodology

E-mail: mykola.churulov @ tns-ua.com

Goroshko A. - Research Coordinator, Kiev International Institute of Sociology

E-mail: a.goroshko @ kiis.com.ua

Skrypka K. – Coordinator, Kiev International Institute of Sociology

E-mail: k.skrypka @ kiis.com.ua

Report prepared by:

Goroshko A. - Author of the Report

Dyshlevy A. - Reviewer

* Report promoted via

www.vsirivni.com.ua

by EU4UKR in assoc.

with OBI (Lithuania)

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CONTENTS

BASIC RESULTS OF THE SURVEY ....................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY ...................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

CONCEPT OF MALE AND FEMALE ROLES ........................................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

IDEAS ON POSITION AND THE LEVEL OF GENDER RESPONSIBILITY ............. Ошибка!

Закладка не определена.

CONCEPT OF CHILDREN’S EDUCATION .................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Level of responsibilities and duties of mothers and fathers in raising a childОшибка! Закладка не

определена. Concepts of children’s behavior .................................................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Punishments against children ....................................................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Minimum age for decision-making .............................................................................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Adoption in Ukraine ........................................................................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. Sharing maternity/paternity and sick leaves for fathers and mothers ....... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

MALE AND FEMALE CAPACITIES IN EDUCATION AND CAREERОшибка! Закладка

не определена.

ALLOCATION OF FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES ...... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

FAMILY-RELATED GENDER STEREOTYPES .......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

INCIDENCE OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION ..................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

INCIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION IN CHILDHOODОшибка! Закладка не

определена.

INCIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION FOR TEENAGERS ABOVE 15 ................................... 29 GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN LABOR RELATIONS ............................................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена. GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION ........................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. DOMESTIC GENDER DISCRIMINATION .................................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена. WAYS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ........................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

SATISFACTION WITH LIFE .................................................................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

AWARENESS ON ACTIVITIES OF THE EU PROJECT “WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN

UKRAINE – COMMUNICATION COMPONENT” ............................................................................................ 39

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BASIC RESULTS OF THE SURVEY

CONCEPT OF MALE AND FEMALE ROLES

• The ideas that the opposite gender has more advantages are more popular among

women than men. The respondents tend to set more responsibilities for their own

gender – a similar trend was observed in 2009 as well.

• About a third of the whole population thinks that both spouses may demand a

child from each other. At the same time, men tend to recognize this right for

husbands. Comparing to 2009, significantly less men started thinking that any of

spouses has the right to a demand like that.

• Responsibilities on care about their children are most often to be given to a

mother or both parents equally; none of the suggested responsibilities is perceived

as a relatively male obligation. There are no significant differences in perceiving

responsibilities between men and women, which may consider women taking the

bulk of household responsibilities (cooking, laundering) themselves, while they

prefer sharing social responsibilities (games, homework with their children, visits

to a doctor) with their partners.

• The respondents are more tolerant with situations when a girl plays boyish games

than the one when a boy plays girlish toys. Comparing the data with the results of

the survey in 2009, we may define statistically significant changes regarding

response to girlish preferences in playing boyish games. In particular, the number

of people thinking that we should normally react to such a choice of a girl has

significantly increased (from 51% in 2009 to 55% in 2011). Apart from that, the

number of people thinking that we should softly get a girl interested in toys for

girls has significantly decreased (from 36% in 2009 to 32% in 2011).

• Regarding punishment for children, bans on walks/TV watching, deprivation of

material wealth and standing in the corner were considered acceptable among the

respondents. About a third of the respondents could use the aforementioned forms

of punishment, while another third of the respondents consider none of the

aforementioned punishments acceptable for a child. While comparing the data of

2010 and of 2011, we may admit the decrease in the number of the respondents

who use physical force against a child or limit his/her movements. Particularly,

there was stated a significant decrease in the number of punishments like standing

in the corner, slapping hands, spanking, standing on the nuts/buckwheat.

Comparing to 2009, we should also mention a significant increase in the number of

people thinking that none of the aforementioned punishments can be used against

children. 24% respondents were of this opinion in 2009, while 31% respondents

think so in 2011.

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• Regarding the issue of maternity/paternity and sick leaves to take care of a child,

women are more open to share these responsibilities between both parents or

were taken by one of them regardless of the gender; men were more often to tell

that this responsibility should be taken by women only. No matter the incidence of

stereotypes related to paternity/maternity/sick leaves as a purely female

responsibility, the society became more tolerant to other options comparing to the

year 2009. At the same time, women are more often to support an opportunity for

both mothers and fathers to take paternity/maternity/sick leaves. We should

mention that youth (16 - 24 years old) and elderly people (65 years old and above)

tend to perceive the aforementioned responsibilities as purely female.

• Some gender stereotypes in the labor sphere became less spread. Particularly,

there are much less of both men and women who consider women bad managers

now. Apart from that, much more people don’t consider a situation when a woman

is more successful than man abnormal now.

• Regarding the decision-making process, the number of those who think that basic

decisions should be made jointly has decreased, but the number of those who

think that decisions should be made by those who make it better has increased

respectfully. Regarding housework, the number of those considering housework a

purely female responsibility has decreased and the number of those who consider

it a joint responsibility has increased respectfully.

• Regarding the family sphere, the stereotypes that a woman should be a man’s

subordinate and that spouses may use physical and sexual violence against each

other became less spread. As of the moment, sexual violence is acceptable for

about 8% respondents and physical – for 4%-7% respondents.

INCIDENCE OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION

• About a half of the respondents told they faced gender discrimination in their

childhood. Just like in 2009, the most spread forms of discrimination in childhood

is the feeling that children of opposite gender have more advantages, while men

told that girls had more advantages and women – boys. Moreover, fostering a

setting for the girls to be men’s subordinates was the most spread form of

discrimination comparing to the others.

• Violent attitude in childhood was faced by about 11% respondents. At the same

time, we should mention that there was no statistically significant difference

between experiences in violence in childhood for the respondents of various age

groups. For the half of the cases of violence against a child, it was committed by a

father and mothers were mentioned a bit less frequently.

• Victims of gender discrimination of 15 years old were 39% men and 54% women.

Considering the total of all situations with discrimination against men as the basic,

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we may see that majority of them relate to the spheres of education and family,

while it would be labor relations for women.

• The most popular situations of discrimination against women at the labor market

were that it’s easier for men to build their career, they are usually preferred

during employment process and they also earn higher wages. Situations with

discrimination regarding delivering a child were mentioned rather rarely.

• Discrimination in the sphere of education was more often relevant for men, as

their parents and relatives had more impact on them during the choice of their

profession.

• Regarding family discrimination, women often mentioned that their partners

made them do all or a part of housework or they used physical force against them.

Men were more often victims of a situation when their wives/partners made

important decisions regarding their children without consulting with them.

• While solving the problem of domestic violence, the most of the respondents tend

to think that they should look for help from the Police, friends/relatives or state

social services. About a quarter of the population think they should solve this

problem on their own.

SATISFACTION WITH LIFE

• Satisfaction with life, in general, and its specific aspects is higher for men.

Approximately different level of satisfaction for men and women maybe observed

only regarding their relations with children and the level of financial wealth.

ACTIVITIES OF THE EU PROJECT “WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN UKRAINE –

COMMUNICATION COMPONENT”

• About a half of Ukrainian population thinks that the level of coverage of women’s

and children’s rights, as well as domestic violence has increased for the last 2

years.

• About a third of the population heard the slogans “I am against violence” (37%)

and “Stay Human” (30%). At the same time, many city residents were aware of

them much earlier than those living in the countryside. There was defined a trend

on the age of the respondents: the younger the respondent is, the more possible

that he/she is aware the slogans. About a half of the respondents under their 24

years old were aware of the slogans of the Bracelet campaign.

• About 15% Ukrainians were aware of the Bracelet campaign. At the same time,

there were much more people like that among the youth. City residents were

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usually better aware of the campaign. Those who were aware of the campaign

usually treated it as an idea.

• 1% of Ukrainians took part in the campaign and about 10% saw other people

wearing the bracelets.

• A quarter of Ukrainian population (about 25%) is aware of the EU Project “Women

and children’s rights in Ukraine – Communication component”.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY

A public survey implemented on 5-18 November 2011 used the method of face-to-

face interviews at respondents’ homes.

The size of the sampling constitutes 1 217 respondents with 550 men and 667

women. The data are representative for the whole Ukrainian population under 16 years

old and the worst possible error excluding the design effect constitutes 2,8%. A sampling

type is a random four-level stratified sampling with quota selection during the last phase.

All the differences specified within the frames of this report are statistically

significant. A statistically significant difference between the answers of various

subgroups of the sampling frame is marked with the asterisk (*).

This survey was dedicated to the incidence level of gender stereotypes and gender

discrimination cases, as well as activities of the EU Project “Women and children’s rights

in Ukraine – Communication component”.

The report contains comparisons of acquired results with the survey implemented

by GfK on 8 - 22 December 2009.

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CONCEPT OF MALE AND FEMALE ROLES

IDEAS ON POSITION AND THE LEVEL OF GENDER RESPONSIBILITY

Women tend to think that the opposite gender has more advantages and

opportunities than them more often. A rather insignificant number of both men and

women think about it on a regular basis, but 41% women and 23% men think about it

from time to time (Graph 1.1). Much more men (68%) than women (45%) never think

that the opposite gender has more advantages. Totally, the data of the survey signify that

women think more often about male advantages and opportunities.

Graph 1.1

Have you ever thought that the opposite gender has more advantages and opportunities?

(% of the responding subgroup, N men = 550, N women = 667)

Comparison of the data with the results of the survey implemented in 20091 proves

some worsening of the situation. The number of women who started thinking about

advantages of the opposite gender has significantly increased (from 28% to 41%), while

the share of those who never thought about it decreased somewhat (from 52% to 45%).

Evaluation of male and female positions in society is different for representatives of

opposite genders (Graph 1.2). Hence, position of the opposite gender is considered more

advantageous more often. A similar trend could be observed in 2009. The fact that

gender has no impact on a person’s position in society was more popular for men (46%

men vs. 36% women), while women tended to think that men have a better position

(44% women vs. 31% men).

1 The question in 2009 was as follows: “Have you ever thought that the opposite gender has a more advantageous

position than yours?”

68.4

23.2

3.8

45.1

40.9

7.4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Never

Sometimes

On a regular basis

Female

Male

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Graph 1.2

Considering the society, in general, and without your personal experience, who’s got

the better position: women or men?

(% of the responding subgroup, N men = 550, N women= 667)

Regarding the fact who is the one to have more responsibilities, the respondents

tended to set more responsibilities for their own gender (Graph 1.3). For the half of the

cases (52%), women think it’s them, while only 17% women think that society burdens

men more. Men were equally frequent to tell that either they have more responsibilities

or that the level of responsibility depends more on a specific person and not the gender.

A similar situation with responsibilities for their own gender was observed in 2009.

Graph 1.3

Who does have more responsibilities in our society – women or men?


45.6

18.2

30.8

35.8

15.2

44.4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Gender is not important

Women

Men

Female

Male

39.1

19.2

37.4

28.9

51.7

16.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Gender is not important

Women

Men

Female

Male

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CONCEPT OF CHILDREN’S EDUCATION

Level of responsibilities and duties of mothers and fathers in raising a child

The sphere of giving birth and raising children is a rather conservative one. The

concept that spouses have a right to demand a child from each other is rather popular.

This particularly relates to the fact that about a third of population considers this

practice acceptable (Graph 1.3а). At the same time, men think they have this right

relatively more often (33%); 26% women keep to the same opinion. 28% women feel the

same right related to them.

Graph 1.3а

The right of spouses to demand a child


While comparing the acquired data with the results of 2009, we may admit that

much less men started recognizing the right to this demand for both men and women.

Generally, we may admit that about a third of the population think that spouses may

demand a child from each other. At the same time, men are more inclined to recognize

this right for husbands. Comparing to 2009, significantly less men consider any of

spouses has a right like that.

Regarding the responsibility about children, men’s and women’s approach to this

issue differs. Hence, men tend to think that both parents are equally responsible for

raising their children more often, while women are more often inclined to think

that mothers have greater responsibility about their children (Graph 1.4).

Regardless the fact that rather many respondents thought that more responsibility is

taken by fathers, this option was taken by men significantly more often. Considering the

whole population and without taking a respondent’s gender into account, we may say

that equal responsibility of both parents (49%) or mothers (47%) was equally popular

among the respondents, as the opinion on greater responsibility of fathers is rather

unpopular (2%).

27.6

25.8

28.5

33.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

A woman has the right to demand childrenfrom her man

* A man has the right to demand children from his woman

Men

Women

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Graph 1.4

Who does have more responsibility for raising children: a mother or a father? (% of the responding subgroup, N men = 550, N women= 667)

Responsibilities related to care about children are more often entrusted to either a

mother or both parents equally; none of the suggested responsibilities is considered

purely male.

The respondents’ opinions on the responsibilities related to care about children

depend on the nature of responsibilities to some extent. We may nominally divide the

responsibilities into two groups: those they consider primarily female and those they

rather consider for both parents and not only mothers.

Cooking, feeding and children’s laundry are most often considered mothers’

responsibilities and they may be related to the first group. Putting to bed and bathing are

more often considered a responsibility of both parents, but the difference in frequency of

setting this responsibility for mothers and both parents is rather small, so we also relate

those to the first group of responsibilities.

The second group may include playing development games, walking in the open air,

visiting a doctor, bringing children to a kindergarten and helping them with their

homework. In our opinion, the general feature for these responsibilities is their social

component and implementation of these responsibilities requires either intellectual

engagement of parents or outdoor activities, while the responsibilities that are mostly

perceived as female ones usually relate to the household sphere and meeting a child’s

basic needs.

3.6

40.3

54.7

0.9

54.3

45.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Dad

Mom

Both parents on the equal basis

Female

Male

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Table 1.5

Who must fulfill the following responsibilities related to raising a child?

(% of all respondents, N=1217)

Mother, % Father, % Both parents, %

Responsibilities of

a mother

Cooking for a child 64.7 0.7 34.4

Feeding a child 57.3 0.8 41.4

Laundering and ironing 60.1 1.6 37.9

Bathing a child 47.3 1.6 50.5

Putting a child to bed 41.1 2.5 55.9

Responsibilities of

both parents

Playing developing games 15.9 9.0 74.8

Walking in the open air 14.1 5.9 79.6

Visiting a doctor 36.0 1.2 62.3

Bringing and getting a child from the

kindergarten/school 14.5 4.0 81.1

Checking/helping with homework 16.2 3.6 79.5

We must admit that there were no significant differences in perceiving

responsibilities between men and women, which may prove the fact that women take the

bulk of household responsibilities, while preferring to share social responsibilities with

their parents. The only exception is the responsibility of outdoor walks and homework

— women are more often to consider this as a mother’s responsibility, while men are

more often to take this responsibility for them or consider it common for both parents.

Concepts of children’s behavior

The concepts on what games should be played by boys and girls still exist in

Ukrainian society. This particularly relates to dividing games into boyish and girlish ones.

The respondents are much more tolerant with accepting a situation when a girl plays

boyish games than the one when a boy plays the games for girls (Graph 1.6). This girls’

behavior is normally accepted by 55% respondents, while 47% would accept similar

behavior of a boy (the percentage difference is statistically significant). A more tolerant

attitude to a girlish wish to play boyish games is tracked while choosing the option

“trying to get them interested in more “appropriate” things” — such a model of parental

behavior was more often chosen regarding boys (38%) than girls (32%). A similar trend

may be observed while choosing the option “banning to do that”, which was more often

chosen regarding boys.

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Graph 1.6

Parental behavioral strategies in case when a child prefers to make friends with children

of opposite gender and play their games


Comparing the data with the results of 2009, we may define some specific

statistically significant changes, which particularly relate to response on girls’

preferences to play boyish games. Specifically, the number of people thinking about

normal reaction to this kind of a girl’s choice significantly increased (from 51% in 2009

to 55% in 2011). Moreover, the number of people thinking they should get a girl

interested in the games for girls has significantly decreased (from 36% in 2009 to 32% in

2011).

In case of conflict situations among children, the concept of behavioral models for

boys and girls are different (Graph 1.7). For instance, if a child messes in a fight with

another child, they choose an opportunity to fight back for a boy much more often (37%

respondents think so), while this option is less popular for girls (21%). They choose

“peaceful” solutions for girls more often: so, 20% “advise” them to go get some adults to

help and this value constitutes 11% for boys; girls are also more often advised to solve a

conflict peacefully comparing to boys. In general, we may state that boys are more often

aimed at aggressive behavioral models in conflict situations and girls are more often

aimed at more constructive ones. At the same time, there was no difference defined in

male and female points of view.

5.7

38.4

47.2

3.8

3.5

32.3

54.7

5.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Banning to do that

Trying to get them interested inmore “appropriate” things”

Normally treat this choice and do nothing about it

Encourage a child’s choice

Girls

Boys

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Graph 1.7

What is a better behavior for a girl/boy, in case another child messes in a fight with

her/him?


Comparing the data with the results of 2009, we may define a relative shift in boys’

behavior: the number of people who think that boys should also call for adults (i.e., use a

peaceful solution for a conflict) is somewhat higher.

Punishments against children

Regarding punishments against children, the respondents were most often to call

the following as the most acceptable punishments: forbid to play in the street/watch TV,

deprivation of material benefits and standing in the corner. These methods of

punishments could be favorable for about a third of the respondents, while another third

thinks that none of the aforementioned punishments may be used against a child. About

one tenth of the respondents consider spanking and slapping acceptable punishment for

a child; there is also a type of punishment called “belting” that is rather unpopular and

was called by about 3% of the respondents.

1.3

47.7

11.5

37.3

1.6

55.5

19.5

20.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Do nothing

Try solving a conflict peacefully and convince another child

Call for adults

Fight back

Girls

Boys

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Graph 1.8

In your opinion, what types of punishment may be used against a child (a boy and a girl)? (% of all respondents, N=1217)

While answering this question, we asked the respondents to define the methods of

punishment to be used against boys and girls. Statistically significant differences were

defined for both non-corporal and corporal punishments2. Generally speaking, all the

differences related to boys and girls lied in the fact that the respondents often supported

various punishments for boys.

While comparing the data of 2009 and 20113, we may specify decreased level of

acceptance for the punishments limiting a child’s movements or considering physical

force against a child. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of

choice in favor of the following punishments: standing in the corner, slapping/spanking,

belting, standing on buckwheat/nuts (Graph 1.9).

We should also mention that comparing to the results of 2009, the number of people

thinking that none of the punishments can be used against a child significantly increased.

24% respondents were of this opinion in 2009, while 31% support this idea in 2011.

2 Types of punishments with defined differences for boys and girls are marked with the asterisk in the Graph 1.8 (*).

3 In order to compare the data for 2011, the answers concerning boys were taken into account.

31.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

3.5

5.7

14.2

29.7

33.2

33.9

33.9

0.3

0.7

0.2

1.0

5.7

10.0

24.9

35.4

30.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Nothing of the above

To lock in a room

Standing on buckwheat, nuts, etc.

* To lock in a dark room

* Belting

Don’t talk to a child, ignore it

* Slapping, spanking

*Standing in the corner

-To deprive of a material benefit (sweets, toys or presents)

* Ban to play in the street, to talk to friends, to watch TV, etc.

Girl

Boy

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Graph 1.9

DATA COMPARISON FOR 2009 AND 2011

In your opinion, what types of punishments may be used against a child?

(% of all respondents, N 2009 = 1607, N 2011 = 1217)

Hence, we may conclude that adult Ukrainian population has become more

intolerant to the punishments used against children involving the use of force and

limiting a child’s movements for the last 3 years.

Minimum age for decision-making

We asked the respondents a question considering the age of children when they

acquire their basic rights – the right to expression, the right to confidentiality and the

right to communication and leisure. The most of the respondents were in the age range

from 6 to 10 years old or from 11 to 15 years old (Graph 2.1).

31.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

3.5

5.7

14.2

33.2

33.9

29.7

24.3

0.7

0.9

2.6

5.6

6.2

17.2

31.4

34.4

36.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Nothing of the above

To lock in a dark room

To lock in a room

Standing on the buckwheat/nuts, etc.

Belting

Don’t talk to a child and ignore it

Slapping, spanking

-To deprive of a material benefit

(sweets, toys or presents)

Ban to play in the street, to talk to friends,, to watch TV, etc.

Standing in the corner

2009

2011

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Graph 2.1

In your opinion, what is the age for a child to acquire the right to …?

(% of all respondents, N = 1217)

Comparing the acquired data with the results of the survey in 2009, we may specify

a general trend of decreasing a child’s age for basic decision-making. Particularly, the age

for the right to leisure in 2009 for 35% respondents was 6-10 years old, while there were

45% of the respondents like that in 2011; the same trend may be observed for the age

when a child acquires the right to communication with his/her friends.

We may generally mark the trend to decrease the minimum age for children to

acquire their rights to some decision-making.

Adoption in Ukraine

About a half of the respondents think that the adoption procedure in Ukraine is

complicated. At the same time, women are more inclined to this opinion than men. 40%

women and 34% men are in favor of simplifying this procedure.

4.2

8.7

23.3

45.2

11.8

5.3

11.2

20.5

32.5

15.5

8.7

17.2

30.6

19.9

9.5

10.8

12.9

18.7

24.2

16.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

above 18

16 -17

11 -15

6 -10

under 5

right to expression

right to confidentiality

right to communication

right to leisure

20

Graph 2.2

Adoption procedure in Ukraine


Regarding the fact whether we should leave children for education at an orphanage

with its parents being alive, about 13% of the population are ultimately against this and

think that children should be passed to a boarding school or an orphanage under no

circumstances (Graph 2.3).

Graph 2.3

What do you think, is it acceptable to leave a child for care at a boarding school with

his/her parents alive?


Alcoholic/drug addiction was called among the reasons to leave children at

boarding schools – about 77% of the respondents consider this reason sufficient to take a

child away from the family. About a half of the respondents consider the use of physical

force against a child a sufficient reason to pass a child to a boarding school; 29% think

that parental neglect could be another sufficient reason as well. The least of support

among the respondents was acquired by lack of financial wealth for children – this

33.9

43.2

39.7

52.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Do we need a simplified adoption procedure?

Is it difficult to adopt a child in Ukraine?

Female

Male

13.1

16.3

29.0

46.3

76.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

No, a child should not be placed at a boarding school under any circumstances

with his/her parents alive

Yes, if parents are not able to ensurea child’s financial wealth

Yes, if a child suffers from neglect

Yes, if parents use physical forceagainst him/her

Yes, if parents suffer from addiction / to drugs

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reason is considered sufficient for raising a child at a boarding school for only 16% of the

respondents.

Sharing maternity/paternity and sick leaves for fathers and mothers

The questions on a paternity/maternity or a sick leave to take care of a child for

women, in general, state that they tend to share these responsibilities between both

parents or a parent should implement them regardless of the gender.

50% women and 61% men, in particular, tend to choose a woman and a maternity

leave. Hence, this option is more often supported by men (Graph 2.4). Women were more

often to choose a candidate for a leave regardless of the gender (40% women and 30%

men) and sharing of this responsibility between both parents (8.3% women and 5,5%

women).

Graph 2.4

What do you think, which one of the parents should take a maternity/paternity leave?


Regarding the views on a paternity/maternity leave, statistically significant

differences were registered for the respondents of various age groups. So, the

respondents of 16-24 years old and those above 65 years old were more conservative

and named the maternity leave only, while those in the age group of 25-55 years old are

less often to name only maternity leaves and tend to say that the gender of a parent

should not influence this decision.

It’s worth mentioning that the “mother only” option was chosen in 72% of cases in

20094, which is much higher than the number registered in 2011. At the same time, the

4 The opportunities to compare are rather limited as the question in 2009 was a bit different from the one used in

2011: “Who should take a maternity/paternity leave and take care of a child during the first months of his/her life?”

The options were a bit adjusted as well.

0.4

5.5

30.5

61.3

0.3

8.3

39.4

49.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

A father only

Paternity/maternity leaves should be shared by both parents

* This could be a father or a mother regardless of the gender

* A mother only

Female

Male

22

“this could be a father or a mother” option was chosen more often: this option was

chosen by 26% respondents in 2009 and 35% respondents in 2011. This can be an

indirect sign of positive changes that Ukrainian population became more tolerant to

other options of a leave to take care of a child.

The respondents who chose the “mother only” option were asked why a man should

not take this responsibility. The most popular answer was that a man should not better

stop working (Graph 2.5).

Graph 2.5

In your opinion, why should not men take a paternity leave?


There is a significant difference in choosing this option between men and women —

this opinion is supported by 28% women and 39% men. At the same time, the option

related to difficulties with finding a job for a man after a paternity leave was chosen by

6% women and 8% men. The stereotypes that raising children belongs to mothers’

responsibilities were chosen by 12% women and 16% men. The option stating that men

are bad with caring about children was chosen by about 13% respondents of both

genders.

Ukrainian views on who should take a sick leave, if a child is ill are closer to equal

allocation of responsibilities related to children’s care — regarding this particular issue,

much less people consider this responsibility female only (40% women and 45% men);

much more people think that either a father or a mother can take care of a sick child.

Many people also think that this responsibility can be shared by fathers and mothers on

equal basis (Graph 2.6).

8.2

12.7

15.6

38.9

5.8

12.6

12.4

28.3

0 20 40 60 80 100

It will be difficult for a man to find a job after a paternity leave

Men are bad with caring about their children

A mother should raise a child and not a father

* A man should not stop working

Female

Male

23

Graph 2.6

Who should take a sick leave to take care of a child?


Concerning the differences in the answers to this question between women and

men, we should mention a big difference only in the “this could be a father or a mother

regardless of the gender” option — women tend to keep to this opinion more often.

We can draw a general conclusion that despite the fact that stereotypes related to

the paternity/maternity and sick leaves as a specific female responsibility are still very

strong, the society became more tolerant towards other options in 2009. At the same

time, women tend to support the option for a father or a mother to be on a

paternity/maternity or a sick leave more often. We should mention that youth (16-24

years old) and elderly people (from 65 years and above) are more inclined to accept the

aforementioned responsibilities as purely female.

MALE AND FEMALE CAPACITIES IN EDUCATION AND CAREER

The most of the respondents are convinced (61%) that a child’s gender doesn’t play

any big difference in his/her success in education (Graph 3.1). About 16% think that

success of boys and girls depends on the subject. Among those who still define some

differences in academic progress for boys and girls, there are more of those who consider

girls more talented (15%) than boys (6%). There were no related significant differences

in this issue comparing to the data of 2009.

1.3

10.4

40.7

45.3

0.1

11.1

47.4

40.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

*Father only

This responsibility can be sharedby both parents

* This could be a father or afather regardless of the gender

Mother only

Female

Male

24

Graph 3.1

Who is usually more skilled in education?


According to the respondents, comparing to the education sphere where the views

on the lack of relations between the gender and skills, the situation with career success is

more determined by gender affinities. Particularly, the opinion on the lack of relations

between the gender and career development was supported by 44% respondents (Graph

3.2). Almost the same number of the respondents (42%) thinks that it’s much easier for a

man to build his career in our career. 8% of the respondents think that career

development is easier for women.

Graph 3.2

Who is easier to build a career in our society – a man or a woman?


The fact that men have more time for work as household responsibilities and care

about children is usually done by women was called as one of the reasons why it’s easier

for them to develop their career (Graph 3.3). At the same time, women were rather often

to keep to this opinion. Regarding the differences between the respondents of both

genders, men are more often inclined to think they have more opportunities for career

development, while women connect their difficulties in career development with

household responsibilities.

5.8

15.4

15.9

60.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Boys

Girls

It depends on the subject

The gender doesn’t matter

8.1

41.7

44.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Woman

Man

Gender doesn’t matter

25

Graph 3.3

Why a man? / Why a woman?


We also asked the respondents about their opinion on the verity of some gender

stereotypes in the world of work5. Regarding each of the suggested stereotypes, there

was a statistically significant difference between the answers of men and women. Men

were more often to agree with the stereotypes, in particular.

The most popular gender stereotype regarding women is that a woman cannot be

equally successive in her family and at work — this opinion belongs to 33% men and

23% women (Graph 3.4). About 30% men and 20% women consider a situation when a

woman is more successful than a man not normal. About 20% of men admit their right to

forbid a woman to work and study, while only 11% of women support this idea. The least

popular stereotype is the statement that women make bad managers — this opinion is

relevant for 18% men and 10% women.

5 The shares of allocation are presented only for the phrases reflecting stereotypes. A quiz for the respondents

suggested them to agree with a stereotype or with an opposite statement.

5.3

3.5

17.5

11.6

9.8

18.0

3.3

2.2

20.1

6.3

12.7

22.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Women have more career skills than men

Society encourages women in their career development

Women have fewer opportunities due to their maternity issues-

* Men have more career skills than women

Society encourages men in their career development

* Women have less time for career due to their household responsibilities

Female

Male

А почему мужчине?

А почему женщине ?

26

Graph 3.4

Why a man? / Why a woman?


While comparing the situation with the data of 2009, we may admit some decrease

in popularity of certain stereotypes. As of the moment, much less men consider women

bad managers, in particular6. Moreover, a significantly lesser number of people think that

the situation with a more successive woman is not normal — about a half of the total

number of both men and women were of this opinion in 20097.

DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES

Regarding the allocation of family responsibilities, men keep to traditional views,

while women are more inclined to share them between both spouses.

Regarding the fact who should make the most important decisions in a family,

about a half of the respondents thinks that the most important decisions must be made

on the equal basis — this is the opinion for 50% of men and 56% women, while the

difference between men and women is statistically significant. About a third of men think

they should be the ones to make the basic decisions in a family, while only 15% women

were of the same opinion. The number of those who think that gender doesn’t make any

difference in a decision-making process is about 20%.

6 28% men and 16% women were of the same opinion in 2009.

7 52% men and 43% women were of the same opinion in 2009.

10.2

11.1

19.9

23.5

17.6

19.6

29.3

33.3

0 20 40 60 80 100

* Women make bad managers

* A man can forbid a woman to work and study

* This is not normal when a womanis more successive and earns more

than a man

* A woman cannot be successive in her family and career life

Male

Female

27

Graph 4.1

Allocation of family responsibilities


Household activities are considered a joint responsibility by a half of the

respondents, while women are more often to support this opinion (58% women vs. 51%

women). Generally, men are more inclined to think that household activities belong to

female responsibilities (29% men vs. 21% women).

It’s worth mentioning the changes that have happened within the public

consciousness since 2009. Regarding the basic decision-making process, the number of

those who think that basic decisions should be made on a joint basis has decreased, while

the number of those who think that this responsibility should be taken by the one who

does it better has increased. Regarding household activities, the number of those who

think that household activities are for women only has decreased and the number of

those who think that these activities should be done on a joint basis has increased.

FAMILY-RELATED GENDER STEREOTYPES

The most popular stereotype in family relations is the opinion that a person cannot

have a full-fledged life without a family. We should mention that there is no statistically

16.3

57.6

21.1

3.0

22.8

56.2

5.2

14.7

13.5

51.1

29.1

5.5

18.5

50.2

1.5

29.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Gender doesn’t matter as this could be both a

man and a woman

* This responsibility should be shared by bothspouses

* Woman

* Man

Gender doesn’t matter as this could be both aa man and a woman

* This responsibility should be shared by bothspouses

* Woman

* Man

Male

Female

Who should make the basic decisions?

Who should do the bulk of household responsibilities?

28

significant difference between male and female respondents. At the same time, this

stereotype is equally frequent for both women and men (Graph 4.2).

There is also a relatively popular stereotype that a woman should comply with a

man’s rules — this opinion is relevant for 29% men and 18% women. The stereotypes on

acceptance of physical or sexual violence in a family are rare for the respondents.

Regarding the difference in the views of men and women, the concepts with

statistically significant difference for the respondents are stereotypes related to a man’s

domination over a woman. Particularly, men are more often to think that women are

their subordinates and that a man can use physical force against a woman and make her

take part in a sexual intercourse against her own will.

Graph 4.2

Susceptibility to gender stereotypes in family relations


Comparing to the results of the survey in 2009, we may admit a statistically

significant decrease in the incidence of gender stereotypes related to the use of force of

one of the partners against another one, as well as the concept that a woman should obey

a man (Graph 4.3).

5.4

7.6

5.8

2.8

18.1

34.9

43.2

10.5

9.6

8.7

5.6

28.9

39.6

38.9

0 20 40 60 80 100

* A man may demand a sexual intercourse

from a woman even against his will

A woman may demand a sexual intercourse from a man even against his will

A woman may use physical force against a man

* A man can use physical force against a woman

* A woman should obey a man

A woman can have no full-fledged life

without marriage

A man can have no full-fledged lifewithout marriage

Male

Female

29

Graph 4.3

DATA COMPARISON OF 2009 AND OF 2011

Tolerance towards domestic violence

(% of all respondents, N 2009 = 1607, N 2011 = 1217)

7.1

4.1

8.5

7.7

23.0

13.0

12.2

14.0

14.3

29.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

* A woman can use physical force against a man

* A man can use physical force against a woman

* A woman has the right to demand a sexualintercourse from a man even against his will

* A man has the right to demand a sexual intercourse from a woman even against her will

* A woman should always obey a man

2009

2011

30

INCIDENCE OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION

In order to understand the incidence of the problem of gender discrimination in

Ukrainian society, we asked the respondents about their personal experience in

discrimination before and after they turned 15 years old. We compiled a general list for

men and women with the situations that could happen before 15 years old; regarding the

situations that could happen after 15 years old, they were generally different in the

situations dealing with giving birth to a child.

INCIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION IN CHILDHOOD

About 50% of the respondents faced gender discrimination and gender inequality

before they turned 15 years old. According to the results of the survey in 2009, the most

popular form of discrimination was a feeling that children of the opposite gender have

more advantages than the others. Men stated that girls had more advantages than boys

and women – vice verse. We should mention that this type of discrimination was equally

common for the respondents in their families and at school. The majority of the

respondents told they hadn’t suffered from a situation like this.

Instilling a setting to obey men for girls was also a rather spread type of

discrimination (Graph 5.1). We should mention that this position was instilled for both

boys and girls with about the same frequency: 12% men and 15% women reported about

that. The respondents of both genders for the most cases told that similar views were

instilled by members of their families; the most of men and women also told they had

never suffered from a situation like this.

Another popular type of discrimination against girls was that they were banned to

play with boyish toys —12% women told about that; an opposite situation (boys

forbidden to play girlish toys) was rather rare — only 5% of the male respondents told

about that. Similar signs of discrimination were rather popular among the respondents in

a family and a bit less frequently – at a kindergarten. According to the respondents of

both genders, they never suffered from situations like these.

31

Graph 5.1

Experience in discrimination before 15 years old


11% respondents faced violent attitude towards them in their childhood (Graph

5.2). At the same time, we should mention that there was no statistically significant

difference related to experience in violence during their childhood for the respondents of

various age groups. This may prove that regardless of general liberalization of the society

and weakening of gender stereotypes during a long period of time the number of people

facing violent attitude to them in their childhood stays stable. Alongside with that, the

lack of differences in percentage may prove that the concept of “violent attitude” is

interpreted differently by different age groups of the respondents.

1.5

12.3

1.3

6.0

8.5

0.9

15.4

15.7

10.3

0.4

2.9

4.9

8.4

8.7

3.6

12.4

10.4

17.3

0 20 40 60 80 100

You’ve faced sexual harassment committed by adults

* You were banned or convinced not to play boyish games/toys

* You were banned or convinced not to play girlish games/toys

You’ve been told that boys are more skilled than girls

You’ve been told that girls are more skilled than boys

* Everybody taught us that men should obey only men

Everybody taught us that women should obey men

* Adults provided boys with more advantages just because oftheir gender -

* Adults provided girls with more advantages just because of

their gender

Male

Female

32

Graph 5.2

Have you ever faced violent from a member of your family in your childhood?

(% of the age group)

Regarding a person who expressed violent attitude towards the respondents, about

a half (55%) of those who faced it told that it was committed by a father or a mother —

38%, by a brother —7% or by a sister – about 4%. Graph 5.3

Which one of your family members treated you in a violent way?

(% of those who faced violent attitude in their childhood, N = 138)

INCIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION FOR TEENAGERS ABOVE 15

Victims of gender discrimination at 15 years old and above were 39% of men and

54% of women. As discrimination cases were divided into several types (education,

career and family), we may consider differences between general situations when

women and men become victims of discrimination.

8.9 10.6 13.4 11.2 11.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

under 24 25 - 44 45 - 64 65 and above everybody

2.9

2.9

3.6

7.2

38.4

55.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Grandfather

Sister

Brother

Mother

Father

Grandmother

33

Results of the analysis of various types within the general structure prove that men

and women become victims of discrimination in various spheres. Hence, men generally

become victims in the sphere of education (42% of discriminations) and family relations

(39% of discriminations) (Graph 5.4). The sphere of labor includes only 19% of

discriminations related to men. As for women, 43% of discrimination cases against them

belong to the sphere of career and another 9% related to the sphere of giving birth to a

child. The total for those indicators proves that more than a half (52%) of all

discriminating situations related to women cover the sphere of labor relations. The cases

of family discrimination took about 26% of all discriminating situations while education

took 21%.

Graph 5.4

Hierarchy of all types of discrimination related to men and women8

(% of the total number of discriminating cases against men and women, N men = 250, N

women= 467 )

GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN LABOR RELATIONS

As mentioned above, discrimination in the sphere of labor relations is the basic one

in the hierarchy of discrimination against women, while the same type of discrimination

against men was among the least spread.

There were the following types of discrimination against women spread at the labor

market: men are easier to build their career (as mentioned by 15% women); men are

usually preferred during the process of employment (as mentioned by 13% women);

8 This graph enables to understand the spheres where men and women become victims of gender discrimination.

The incidence level is described below.

21.4

26.3

9.0

43.3

18.8

39.2

42.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

education

family

career (related to a child’s delivery)

career

career

family

education

WOMEN

MEN

34

men earn higher wages than women (as mentioned by 11% women) (Graph 5.5). The

opposite situations happened rather rarely with men.

Graph 5.5

Discrimination experience in the sphere of labor relations


Regarding discrimination of women related to delivery of a child and

career/maternity balance, this type of discrimination is not really popular — about 6%

women were victims of similar discrimination in total. Particularly, about 3% women

mentioned they were refused to take their previous working position after a maternity

leave, 2,5% women claimed that their employers refused to provide them with longer

vacations for mothers, 2% told their employers refused to pay them their maternity

payments.

1.6

2.5

3.0

1.3

1.8

11.2

13.5

15.0

0.2

1.5

2.4

3.1

2.9

0 20 40 60 80 100

The organization you worked at refused to pay you maternity payments

An employer refused to provide you with longer vacations (for mothers with children under 15 years old)

You wanted to return to your previous position after amaternity/paternity leave and you were rejected by

the organization you had worked at before

You faced sexual harassment from your management in exchange for some working advantages

You were rejected by certain circles you were striving to get into just because of your gender

* The representatives of the opposite gender earned higher wages and had other advantages at

work

* The representatives of the opposite genderwere preferred during the process of employment

* It was easier for the representatives of the opposite gender to build their career

Men

Women

35

GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION

Discrimination in the sphere of education plays a more important role in the

hierarchy of discrimination related to men. This deals with the fact that men are more

often impacted by their families while choosing a profession for the future, while trying

to make them keen to a profession, which is considered male. 19% men told their

relatives actually “forced” them to take a “male” profession, in particular (Graph 5.6). The

same pressure in choosing a “female” profession was reported by 14% women.

Graph 5.6

Discriminating experience in the sphere of education


0,2% men and 1,5% women reported they were victims of sexual harassment

committed by their teachers. The difference between these shares is not statistically

significant.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION AT HOME

Despite that family discrimination takes different shares of general values for men

and women, about the same number of both men and women faced it on their own9.

Alongside with that, there is a statistically significant difference between the experiences

in various situations for representatives of opposite genders. Women, in particular, told

that their partners made them do the bulk or the whole of household work, as mentioned

by 10% of female respondents. At the same time, a similar situation was rather rare for

men — 6% of cases. About 7% of female respondents faced physical violence committed

by their husbands or partners and men were victims of physical force in 2% of cases.

Moreover, women were more frequent victims when their partners forbade them to

9 The same number of those who faced domestic discrimination with significant difference in the shares of a specific

type of discrimination in the grand total may be explained by the fact that women are more frequent victims of

discrimination.

1.5

13.8

0.2

18.9

0 20 40 60 80 100

You faced sexual harassment from your teachers in exchangefor high marks

* Family members chose a specialty or a type of education for you, which is traditionally considered for your gender,

against your own will

Men

Women

36

work or study, which was stated by 4% of women, while the same situation happened

with mere 0,2% of men.

Graph 5.7

Experience in domestic discrimination


There is a general opinion in our society that women are the most common victims

of domestic discrimination or violence. At the same time, we defined a situation within

the frames of this survey when men suffer from this type of discrimination more often —

about 11% of them told that their wives/partners made important decisions regarding

their children without consulting with them. 4% women faced the same situation on

behalf of their partners.

WAYS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

We asked the respondents about whom they should apply to in case of a family

problem. The respondents were most often to apply to the Police (41%),

friends/relatives (31%) and state social services (25%). We should also mention that

about a quarter of the respondents (26%) think that the problem of domestic violence

should be solved within a family.

Graph 5.7

In your opinion, whom should a victim apply to solve the problem of domestic violence?


3.7

3.9

4.5

7.2

9.7

4.2

0.2

10.7

1.8

5.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

You partner converted the bigger part of your family budget

* Your partner forbade you to work/study

* Your partner made important decisions regarding your child without consulting with you

* Your partner used physical force against you

* You partner made you do the bulk/the wholehousehold work while both of you worked

Men Women

37

There are much more countryside residents among those who think that we should

not apply to anybody in case of domestic violence (31% of village residents vs. 24% of

city residents), as well as among the respondents above 25 years old, which may prove

the fact that youth is more intolerant towards violence.

About 10% of the respondents think they should apply to an NGO in case of

domestic violence and about 4,5% think they should go to mass media or religious

organizations.

38

SATISFACTION WITH LIFE

According to our survey, the status of men and women within a society is different

by not only the concepts of their social roles and responsibilities but also by the level of

satisfaction with specific aspects of their life for men and women. This section covers the

level of satisfaction with life for men and women, as well as specific differences between

the genders.

The level of satisfaction with financial wealth is rather low for both men and women

— about 25% of men and 22% of women are more or less satisfied with this aspect of

their life (Graph 6.1). There is no statistically significant difference between these

indicators.

Graph 6.1

How much are you satisfied with the level of your financial wealth?


Regarding their satisfaction with relations with their children, there was no

statistically significant difference between women and men — about 80% of both

genders were completely or partly satisfied with relations with their children (Graph

6.2).

Graph 6.2

How much are you satisfied with relations with your children?


There is a statistically significant difference in satisfaction with their relations with

spouses/partners. Men were more often to tell they were completely satisfied with the

aforementioned relations, in particular (49% men vs. 33% women) (Graph 6.3). There

6.3

7.7

15.6

17.2

37.5

38.2

21.3

20.5

19.3

16.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female

Male Completely satisfied

Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied

Rather NOT satisfied

Not satisfied at all

41.2

42.2

40.3

39.4

14.7

15.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female

MaleCompletely satisfied

Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



39

were more women among those who were rather satisfied with their relations (43%

women vs. 34% men). In general, there were much more men among those who were

satisfied with these relations and there were much more women among those who were

rather not satisfied with them.

Graph 6.3

How much are you satisfied with relations with your wife/husband/partner?


The emotional atmosphere at the place where a respondent resides was evaluated

differently by representatives of opposite genders. Men were completely satisfied with

this aspect of their life much more often, in particular (38% men vs. 32% women) (Graph

6.5). There were much more women who were not satisfied with the emotional

atmosphere at home (7% women vs. 4% men).

Graph 6.5

How much are you satisfied with the general emotional atmosphere at home?


There are much more men among those who are satisfied with their leisure (57%

men vs. 50% women), while women are more often not satisfied with their leisure (22%

women vs. 16% men) (Graph 6.6).

32.6

49.0

42.9

34.0

15.4

12.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female

Male

Completely satisfied

Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



31.7

38.4

42.4

41.2

18.7

16.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female

Male

Completely satisfied

Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



40

Graph 6.6

How much are you satisfied with your leisure?


The total number of those who are satisfied with their relations with the others is

equal for both men and women. At the same time, men are more often completely

satisfied with this sphere of relations, while women chose the “rather satisfied” option

(Graph 6.7). Graph 6.7

How much are you satisfied with your relations with the others (friends, acquaintances,

colleagues, neighbors, etc.)?


There is a statistically significant difference between the general satisfaction for

men and women. Similarly to the previous cases, men were more often to tell about their

satisfaction with life (both partial and complete) — this was stated by 63% men and 55%

women (Graph 6.8).

Graph 6.8

How much are you satisfied with your life, in general?


18.8

22.7

30.9

34.6

28.3

28.1

15.6

10.8

6.3

3.9

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female


Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



31.1

36.6

46.8

41.7

18.2

19.4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female


Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



41

We can make a general conclusion that the general satisfaction with life and its

specific aspects is higher for men. About the same number of satisfaction for both men

and women can be observed regarding the relations with their children and the level of

financial wealth.

18.7

22.2

36.3

40.5

34.2

29.9

7.5

5.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Female


Rather satisfied

Partly satisfied



42

AWARENESS ON ACTIVITIES OF THE EU PROJECT “WOMEN AND

CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN UKRAINE – COMMUNICATION COMPONENT”

According to a half of the respondents, the frequency of social discussions (media

and information campaigns) related to women’s and children’s rights, as well as

domestic violence has increased for the last 2 years. This opinion is shared by 54% of the

respondents (Graph 7.1). 21% of the respondents stated that the level of discussions was

left the same and 4% mentioned some decrease in the frequency of related discussions.

This question was difficult to answer for rather many respondents (about 20%). We

should mention that there were no significant differences between the respondents from

rural and city regions while discussing these issues. There was a defined statistically

significant difference between various age groups though. Hence, the representatives of

the middle age group (25-44 years old) are much more often to tell that the level of

related discussions has increased.

Graph 7.1

In your opinion, what happened to the frequency of social discussions (media and social

campaigns) related to women’s and children’s rights, as well as domestic violence for the

last 2 years?


About a third of the population is aware of the slogans of the Bracelet campaigns in

2010 and in 2011. Alongside with that, the “I am against violence” slogan was more

recognizable than the “Stay Human” slogan. 37% respondents were aware of the first

slogan and 30% of them were aware of the second one (Graph 7.2).

20.0

4.4

21.2

54.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

It’s difficult to answer

Decrease

On the same level

Increase

43

Graph 7.2

Have you ever heard/seen the slogan “I am against violence”/”Stay Human” in social

advertising?


It's worth mentioning that there is a statistically significant difference in awareness

of the slogans between rural and city population. City residents were more often to

recognize the slogans comparing to rural residents.

Representative of the junior age group recognized the campaign slogans more often

(Graph 7.3) — about a half of the respondents of this age group were aware of them. The

general trend is as follows: the younger a respondent is, the higher is the possibility that

he/she has ever heard the slogans of the campaign.

Graph 7.3

Awareness frequency of the Bracelet campaign slogans regardless of the age

of the respondents

(% of the age group)

15% of the respondents heard about implementation of the Bracelet campaign

(Graph 7.4). At the same time, there were statistically significant differences defined

between city and rural residents, as well as between representatives of different age

groups.

16.7

17.6

26.6

35.3

35.1

43.2

47.1

53.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Aware of the “Stay Human” slogan

Aware of the “I am against violence” slogan under 24

25-44

45-64

65 and above

30.1

37.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

“Stay Human”

“I am against violence”

44

The campaign was much more popular among the representatives of the junior age

group — 27% respondents of 16 - 24 years old are aware of the Bracelet campaign, while

the number of middle-aged people of 25 – 44 years old is significantly less — 19% and

only 8% of them are among the respondents of 45 years old and above.

The campaign is much more popular among city residents (18% of city residents

aware of the campaign vs. 10% of rural residents).

Graph 7.4

Are you aware of the activity aimed at wearing the similar bracelets with the “Stay

Human” slogan?

(% of all, N=1217; % of the responding subgroup)

1% of the surveyed respondents stated they had taken part in the campaign, while

about 10% of the respondents had seen people wearing a bracelet (both acquaintances

and passers-by).

Those who were aware of the Bracelet campaign mostly perceived its general

purpose correctly. About a half of those who were aware of the campaign knew that it’s

related to the protest against domestic violence (Graph 7.5); 15% told that the campaign

promoted tolerant attitude to each other. About a third of those who were aware of the

campaign did not know what it was all about or it was difficult for them to answer.

9.7

17.7

8.4

19.1

27.2

15.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

villages

cities

45+

25 -44

16 -24

Aware of the Bracelet campaign

45

Graph 7.5

Do you know what this campaign was about?

(% of those who were aware of the campaign, N=184)

According to the survey, a quarter of Ukrainian population (about 25%) knows of the EU

Project “Women and children’s rights in Ukraine – Communication component”. At the

same time, there was no defined statistically significant difference in the level of

awareness between city and village residents. The representatives of the junior age

group are more often aware of the Project comparing to the middle and senior age

groups (Graph 7.6).

Graph 7.6

Have you ever heard of the EU Project “Women and children’s rights in Ukraine –

Communication component”?

(% of all, N=1217)

21.1

25.2

34.4

24.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

45+

25 - 44

16 - 24

All respondents

5.4

28.8

15.2

54.3

0 20 40 60 80 100

It’s difficult to answer

No, I don’t know

Yes, for tolerant attitude towards each other

Yes, against domestic violence

final survey december_2011_eng

Technology

domestic gender discrimination

level of responsibilities

incidence of discrimination

children rights

suggested responsibilities

opposite gender

eu project women

social responsibilities