final review spring 2015
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Images to study for final exam next week 7/21/15TRANSCRIPT
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! Vocabulary 12 points
! 40% of Semester Grade
! 4 Buildings each 7 points
! Name of Building 1 point
! Architect 1 point
! Place 1/2 point
! Date 1/2 point
! Importance 4 point
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Name: StonehengePlace: Salisbury, EnglandDate: 3000 BC
Architect: Unknown
! Built in England approximately 5,000 years ago
!
Place of Rituals apparently known throughout Europe
! Known for the the complex stone work
! Rebuilt many times over 1,000 year period
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Location: Salisbury, England
Name: Stonehenge (3000 BC) Architect: None
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Location: Salisbury, England
Name: Stonehenge (3000 BC) Architect: None
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Location:
Name: Architect:
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! Use of the Megaron
! Unique columns (tapered)
! Structural frame used with stones for additional strength
! Use of thin material to cover the rough stone
!
Use of clerestory windows
Name: Palace of KnossosPlace: Knossos, CreteDate: 1400 - 1300 BC
Architect: Unknown
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1400 ~ 1300 Bc
Palace of Knossos
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1400 ~ 1300 Bc
Palace of Knossos
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1400 ~ 1300 Bc
Palace of Knossos Throne Room Entry
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! Use of the Megaron for the temple
! Built like a citadel on the Acropolis
! Use of the Golden Section for proportioning
! Uses entasis to make the building look straight from a distance
! Doric columns on the outside and Ionic columns on the inside
Name: The ParthenonPlace: Athens, GreeceDate: 550 - 400 BC
Architect: Iktinos and Kallikrates
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Athens, Greece 550 - 400 Bc
The Parthenon: Iktinos & Kallikrates
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Athens, Greece 550 - 400 Bc
The Parthenon - Plan: Iktinos & Kallikrates
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Athens, Greece 550 - 400 Bc
The Parthenon: Iktinos & Kallikrates
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! Roman idea of the perfect Greek temple
! Use of corinthian columns
! Use of the Golden Section for proportioning
! Uses Vitruvian principle of strength, utility and beauty
! Influences many future architects
Name: Maison Carre, Nimes, FrancePlace: Nimes, FranceDate: 19 BC
Architect:Marcus Agrippa
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Date: 19 Bc Architect: Marcus Agrippa
Maison Carre, Nimes, France
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Date: 19 Bc Architect: Marcus Agrippa
Maison Carre, Nimes, France
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Date: 19 Bc Architect: Marcus Agrippa
Maison Carre, Nimes, France
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! Actually 2 different buildings combined
!
A place to worship all the Gods of Rome
! The concrete dome is structurally innovative
! Oculus in the center of the dome is the same height (43m) as the floor
circumference
! Coffered concrete roof structure makes the dome lighter
Name:The PantheonPlace: Rome, ItalyDate: 120 -127 AD
Architect: Marcus Agrippa and Hadrian
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Date: 120 -127 Ad Architect: Hadrian
The Pantheon, Rome
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Date: 120 -127 Ad Architect: Hadrian
The Pantheon, Rome
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Date: 120 -127 Ad Architect: Hadrian
The Pantheon, Rome
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! Designed is based on Byzantine architecture of San Vitale
! Introduction of ‘westwork’ as the entrance of Christian churches
! Exterior is plain compared to the interior
! Uses Italian color scheme on the interior
! Use of corinthian columns inside the church
! Use of pendentive arches
Name: Palatine ChapelPlace: Aachen, GermanyDate: 796 - 804 AD
Architect: Odo of Metz
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Date: 796 - 804 Ad Architect: Odo of Metz
Palantine Chapel: Aachen, Germany
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Date: 796 - 804 Ad Architect: Odo of Metz
Palantine Chapel: Aachen, Germany
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Date: 796 - 804 Ad Architect: Odo of Metz
Palantine Chapel: Aachen, Germany
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! Original Islamic design
! Uses Islamic ideas of complex geometries as ornament
! Use of horseshoe arches
! Uses muqarnas as an ornamental detail
! Uses gardens and water elements to help cool the building
Name: AlhambraPlace: Granada, SpainDate: 14th Century
Architect: Unknown
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Date: 14C Ad Architect: Unknown
Alhambra: Granada, Spain
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Date: 14C Ad Architect: Unknown
Alhambra: Granada, Spain
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Date: 14C Ad Architect: Unknown
Alhambra: Granada, Spain
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! First example of Gothic architecture
! Primary architectural elements are:
! pointed arches! ribbed vaults
! flying buttresses
!
Shows the Gothic idea of God as light
! Use of the Rose window
! Use of Roman basilica form for the church
Name: St. DenisPlace: Paris, FranceDate: 1135 - 1231 AD
Architect: Abbot Suger
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Date: 1135 - 1231 Ad Architect:Abbot Suger
St. Denis: Paris, France
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Date: 1135 - 1231 Ad Architect:Abbot Suger
St. Denis: Paris, France
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Date: 1135 - 1231 Ad Architect:Abbot Suger
St. Denis: Paris, France
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! Design uses strict order based on Vitruvius’ and Alberti’s theory
! The facade is cut into the surface material
! Proportions are measured for the human eye from street view
! Perfect example of the new Renaissance style
! Entablature and Pilasters are in ‘perfect’ proportion to each other
Name: Palazzo RucellaiPlace: Florence, ItalyDate: 1446 -1451 AD
Architect: Leon Battista Alberti
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Date: 1446-1451 Ad Architect: Leon Battista Alberti
Palazzo Rucellai: Florence, Italy
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Date: 1446-1451 Ad Architect: Leon Battista Alberti
Palazzo Rucellai: Florence, Italy
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Date: 1446-1451 Ad Architect: Leon Battista Alberti
Palazzo Rucellai: Florence, Italy
1. Rose Window
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1. Rose Window
2. Muqarnas
3. Golden Section
4. Axiality
5. Imhotep
6. Clerestory Window
7. Westwork
8. Stylobate9. Ribbed Vault
10. Entasis
11. Mastaba
12. Megaron
A. The floor of Greek Temples.
B. A way of laying out buildings in relation to each other and other objects.
C. A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column to correct the visual illusion of concavity of a straight shaft.
D. An ancient Egypt house style used as a basis for the early pyramids.
E. Ancient architectural proportioning of system (1:1.6) used by Greeks, Romans and even today.
F. Recognized as the first architect
G. A window originally from ancient Egypt placed high above a space to bring in light.
H. An ancient Mycenaean structure that becomes the basis for Greek and Roman temples
I. Device used in Romanesque and Gothic architecture to help buildings gain great height and lightJ. A large circular window used in both Romanesque and Gothic churches
K. An Islamic architectural detail that is based on complex geometry
L. The main entrance to Christian churches developed first at Palatine Chapel
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1_____ 2_____ 3_____
Name the three Greek Orders