final report for the mammoet project - europa

Final Report for the MAMMOET project

Project number: 619086

Project acronym: MAMMOET

Project title: MAMMOET: Massive MIMO for Efficient Transmission

Start date of the project: 1st January, 2014

Duration: 36 months

Programme: FP7/2007-2013

Date of the reference Annex I: 1th October, 2013

Periodic report: Project Final Report

Period covered: 01.01.2014 – 31.12.2016

Work packages contributing: All

Due date: December 2016 – M36

Actual submission date: 23rd January 2017

Project Coordinator:

Dr. Klaus-Michael Koch

Technikon Forschungs- und Planungsgesellschaft mbH (TEC)

Tel: +43 4242 233 55

Fax: +43 4242 233 55 77

E-Mail: [email protected]

Project website: www.mammoet-project.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant

agreement n° 619086.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mammoet-project.eu/

Final report according to EC regulations of the model contract

MAMMOET Final Report Page II

Contents

Chapter 1 Final Publishable Summary Report .................................................. 4

1.1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 4

1.2 Project Context and Objectives ...................................................................... 5

1.3 Main S&T Results/Foregrounds ...................................................................... 9

1.3.1 WP01 – System approach, scenarios and requirements (M01-M18) ...................... 9

1.3.2 WP02 - Efficient FE Solutions (M04-M36) .............................................................10

1.3.3 WP03 - Baseband Solutions (M04-M36) ...............................................................11

1.3.4 WP04 - Validation and proof-of-concept (M13-M36)..............................................14

1.4 Potential Impact, Dissemination Activities and Exploitation of Results ......... 15

1.4.1 Potential Impact ...................................................................................................15

1.4.2 Dissemination Activities ........................................................................................19

1.5 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................... 20

1.5.1 Project Website .....................................................................................................20

1.5.2 MAMMOET Logo ..................................................................................................21

1.5.3 MAMMOET Templates ..........................................................................................21

1.5.4 MAMMOET Leaflet................................................................................................21

1.5.5 MAMMOET Social Media ......................................................................................22

1.5.6 MAMMOET Newsletter .........................................................................................22

1.5.7 MAMMOET Poster ................................................................................................23

1.5.8 International Workshops on MAMMOET ...............................................................23

1.5.9 The MAMMOET Consortium .................................................................................23

Chapter 2 Use and Dissemination of Foreground ........................................... 25

2.1 Dissemination Measures (public) .................................................................. 25

2.1.1 List of scientific (peer reviewed) publications, starting with the most important ones (public) ...........................................................................................................................26

2.1.2 List of dissemination activities (public) ..................................................................34

2.2 Exploitable Foreground and Exploitation Plans ............................................. 45

2.2.1 Initially Planned Exploitation Activities ...................................................................45

2.2.2 List of Applications for Patents, Trademarks, Registered Designs, etc. .................45

2.2.3 Exploitable Foreground .........................................................................................47

2.2.4 IPR issues after the project conclusion / future plans ............................................48

Chapter 3 Report on societal implications ....................................................... 49


MAMMOET Final Report Page III

List of Tables Table 1: List of peer-reviewed publications ...........................................................................33

Table 2: List of dissemination activities .................................................................................44

Table 3: List of applications for patents, trademarks, registered design etc. .........................46

Table 4: Exploitable Foreground ...........................................................................................47

List of Figures

Figure 1: Project structure - Activity lines ............................................................................... 6

Figure 2: MAMMOET Website ..............................................................................................20

Figure 3: The MAMMOET consortium ..................................................................................24

Final Report according to EC regulations of the model contract

MAMMOET Final Report of 55

Chapter 1 Final Publishable Summary Report

1.1 Executive Summary

Project name: MAMMOET Start date: 1st January, 2014 Grant Agreement: 619086 Duration: 36 months Project website: www.mammoet-project.eu Contact: [email protected]

The mission of MAMMOET was to develop key enabling technology for wireless access with the goal of enabling a radical increase in the spectral and energy efficiency of the radio interface, hardware, and baseband signal processing. MAMMOET will advance the development of Massive MIMO (MaMi), a new and most promising direction in mobile access. MaMi has the potential to become a keyenabling technology for the future generations of the European high-speed broadband and mobile network infrastructure.

The MAMMOET Project:

The main project results targeted by the MAMMOET project were as follows:

MAMMOET will advance the development of Massive MIMO (MaMi), a new and most promising direction in mobile access. With current technology, MaMi makes a clean break by using several hundreds of base station antennas that operate phasecoherently together, simultaneously serving many tens of low-complexity single-antenna terminals in the same timefrequency resource.

MAMMOET will demonstrate that MaMi can increase both data rates and the overall spectral efficiency by up to ten times, while decreasing the transmitted radiofrequency (RF) power by many orders of magnitude. Further benefits of MaMi include the extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the multiple-access layer, and robustness to interference.

MAMMOET will substantially contribute to the development of practical MaMi systems and secure a leading position for European industry in its exploitation. More specifically, MAMMOET will investigate the practical limitations of MaMi, and develop complete technological solutions leveraging on innovative low-cost and drastically more efficient and flexible hardware.

Motivation:

The Internet of the future will to a large extent rely on mobile networks. Mobile data grew with 70% in 2012 and is predicted to grow 13-fold in the next 5 years. This puts very high demands on the development of mobile access technology. Smartphones and tablets have sparked amazing enthusiasm from youngsters to elderly people, both in our private and professional lives. They offer an ever greater variety and better quality of mobile (multimedia) services. In order to live up to the users’ expectations, accessing Gigabytes of information should become mobile and ubiquitous at impressively better energy efficiency rates than today’s systems.


mailto:[email protected]



1.2 Project Context and Objectives

Objectives & Overall Strategy:

Massive MIMO (MaMi) is an emerging technology that scales up MIMO by at least an order of magnitude MaMi has the potential to become a key enabling technology for the future generations of the European high-speed broadband and mobile network infrastructure. The purpose of MAMMOET was to prove the feasibility of efficient and effective implementation and operation of MaMi. In order to do so, MAMMOET provided significant advances in terms of bridging the gap between the fundamental promises of the concept and the current technological status.

MAMMOET overall aimed to bring MaMi from initial promising concepts to a very attractive technology for deployment in future broadband mobile networks. Therefore, MAMMOET addressed the following 5 main objectives:

Objective 1: Elaborate system concepts and approaches Provide an understanding of the statistical nature of the relevant channels and traffic and further additional channel measurements and validate already drawn conclusions in a broader range of scenarios. Investigation will focus on exploring which antenna configurations are most attractive and the analysis of possibilities and limitations.

Objective 2: Flexible and effective signal processing Provide algorithms for distributed and scalable processing and hardware-friendly processing algorithms that allow to trade some of the extra degrees of freedom that MaMi provides to achieve constant envelope signals to transmit from each of the antenna elements.

Objective 3: Efficient implementation Investigate which hardware components are suitable for building the large array of transmitters and how these can work together. Power-hungry hardware will be made more efficient when the specific properties of MaMi are taken into account.

Objective 4: Prove overall innovative concepts and enabling hardware (HW) Create an attractive operational technology by bridging the gap between theoretical and conceptual MaMi.

Objective 5: Propose MAMMOET solutions to standardisation bodies The standardisation focus of MAMMOET will be on 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project). Our goal is to report the high potential of MaMi and to promote its use in future 3GPP standards.

In order to achieve its overall goal, the project had a number of important scientific and industrial objectives. These include fundamental, experimental and standardisation elements.

The work plan for the MAMMOET project was structured into five work packages as displayed in Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden..

MAMMOET developed key enabling technology for wireless access based on MaMi, with the goal of enabling a radical increase in the spectral and energy efficiency of the future, and characterise MaMi channels through new measurements, resulting in new models. The whole project was broken down into 5 work packages:



Figure 1: Project structure - Activity lines

WP1: System approach, scenarios and requirements

The objective of WP1 in the first project period has been to collectively (for all the partners in MAMMOET) set the scene for the project by:

Specifying relevant and realistic scenarios reflecting forecasts and ambitions in the industry for the time-frame imposed by the project duration and time to market from project result dissemination into standardisation bodies, and product development.

Identifying fundamental limits on spectral and power efficiency addressing trade-offs for practical MaMi.

Performing channel measurements with different array configurations and in a variety of representative scenarios.

Outlining a system approach/architecture including signalling, resource management and operating point strategies.

Based on the above, figures of merit that should be achieved in the project have been defined. Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) reflect spectral efficiency, cost and energy consumption.

During the second period, main focus was on the latter objective and on ensuring that the outcome of WP1 is exploited in WP2 and WP3 in terms of requirements on front-end and baseband solutions and as the starting point of the validations in WP4. This WP officially ended in the second period.

WP2: Efficient front-end (FE) solutions (Integrated Circuit (IC) solutions, Compensation/Calibration)

The WP2 objectives in the first year of this project were design of transmitter architectures that

exhibit flexibility and power efficiency and sharing of technology files amongst related partners for

circuit implementation of these concepts and architectures.

During the second period in question were to create transmitter architectures for MaMi which form a part of D2.5 “Description of MaMi digital modulation and architectures for efficient MaMi transmission”.



The results in period 2 were reassuring: calibration solutions were known and were applied also for the large number of antennas. This was further substantiated in real-life validations.

In the third reporting period, the fabricated chips had to be characterized. A test setup was to be developed for this purpose. The detail description of the implemented architectures had to be documented.

WP3: Baseband Solutions (Algorithms, Architectures & Design)

While WP3 objectives were spanning over the entire project, in the first project period there was progress in:

Different DSP solutions (both algorithms and architectures) have been investigated from a flexibility point of view. Solutions for both single- and multi-carrier transmission have been addressed.

The development of distributed processing algorithms has started, while final bench-marking and optimization are still to be done.

Investigations of hardware implementation options of algorithms for improved energy efficiency have been initiated. For example, a trade-off between designing algorithms to improve the energy efficiency of circuits and to have high energy efficiency in the radio transmission has been identified. More specific design evaluations and recommendations will follow.

Initial studies of the choice between centralized and distributed processing for different baseband processing functions have been performed.

A wide selection of different hardware platforms suitable for centralized and distributed processing has been identified and was further investigated.

Both channel estimation algorithms and reciprocity calibration schemes for TDD operation have been studied. Specific implementation choices are addressed.

Substantial progress was made on all WP3 objectives in the second project period. In particular: Continued investigation of different DSP solutions (both algorithms and architectures) was performed, where solutions for both to single- and multi-carrier were addressed. Strategies and solutions for distributed MaMi processing were investigated from several different points of view. One of the core functions of TDD based MaMi, reciprocity calibration, was implemented and shown to work well. Energy consumption of both digital and analog circuitry, as well as an entire MaMi base station, were estimated. This improvement resulted from the fact that on the one hand, much less transmitted power is needed thanks to the array gain, and on the other hand, relatively low complexity hardware can suffice as the many constituent signals do not need to have high accuracy. For example our analysis showed and ADC and DAC resolutions as low as 3-4 bits are adequate. ADCs for these specifications can be realized with power consumption below 1 mW [4], which makes their total power negligible even if they come in hundreds. More precise recommendations regarding algorithm and hardware solutions for MaMi were developed. Partners involved in this WP organized the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Massive MIMO: From theory to practice, held at Globecom 2015 in San Diego, CA. Flexible DSP solutions (both algorithms and architectures) have been proposed, both for single and multicarrier systems, but with a focus on multicarrier. Optimized centralized, distributed and scalable processing algorithms have been developed and bench-marked. Several processing algorithms have been taken all the way to circuit implementations and their energy characteristics measured. Hardware platforms have been investigated and requirements on centralized/distributed processing capacity and data shuffling have been analyzed. Algorithms for channel estimation, channel interpolation and TDD reciprocity calibration have been developed and analysed.

WP4: Validation and proof-of-concept

WP4 validated the project’s overall goals in terms of system performance vs. power and cost, and delivered a proof of concept for the major innovation, both for the digital signal processing (DSP) solutions and the energy (power) efficient front-ends.

Dedicated workshops have been organized, where a global picture has been established and important progress has been achieved towards one of the key KPIs of MAMMOET: the objective



was that the overall complexity and energy consumption in terms of J/bit can be lowered by a factor of 20 to 50 with respect to current macro base stations for the same range and capacity.

Most of the WP4 effort was due over the third year, covering the 3 validation directions defined in the WP: simulations, testbed, and hardware measurements. This is related to 3 deliverables. D4.2 (Test-bed based assessment and proof of concept) summarizes the architecture of the testbed and the results of real-time experiments performed using it over different scenarios. D4.3 (Proof of concept of innovative hardware including transmitter characterisation) presents measurements of signal performance and power consumption for the digital-RF modulator and related components designed in WP2. D4.4 (Overall system validation and assessment) combines results from different WPs into overall simulation-based validation of performance over realistic scenarios including measurement-based channel models developed in the project and specific MAMMOET solutions. It also provides an assessment of the overall power consumption.

WP5: Project Management – Dissemination, Standardisation and Exploitation

The entire goal of WP5 was to develop and implement plans for dissemination, standardization and exploitation activities as well as to implement operational management and secure technical vitality of MAMMOET.

The objective of Dissemination, Standardisation and Exploitation is to raise awareness about the project and its vision (visibility of MAMMOET), to spread the achieved results (impact of MAMMOET), and to perform exploitation activities and prepare the exploitation after MAMMOET. The objectives were to launch dissemination, standardization and exploitation activities, as well as report on them and to develop a preliminary dissemination, standardization and exploitation plan featuring on overall strategy and per partner tactics. Further main objectives of WP5 were to ensure the operational management, including EC reporting, and technical life of the project in an administrative sense and to support partners in all administrative issues. In MAMMOET the main management of the project is shared by three partners: the coordination of technical challenges was covered by the Technical Leader at IFAT, the scientific leader was KU Leuven and project management was covered by the Coordinator at TEC.

All the objectives were successfully reached. The work performed and the results achieved within WP5 were in line in accordance with the DoW.



1.3 Main S&T Results/Foregrounds

In order to maximize the efficiency of MAMMOET and focus on real-world impact throughout the project, we have designed a simple yet targeted structure. The whole project is broken down into 5 work packages, which are further structured in tasks. The target of this structure, underlying the work plan, is to meet the projects’ main concepts and objectives.

1.3.1 WP01 – System approach, scenarios and requirements (M01-M18)

Task 1.1: Fundamental limits, practical trade-offs and specifications (M01-M18); Task Lead: LIU)

During year 1, the main operation of massive MIMO has been outlined focusing on physical layer technical functionality. The uplink and downlink signalling have been defined in a TDD-based transmission protocol and pilot-based channel estimation in the uplink has been described. The average, best-case, and worst-case spectral efficiencies achieved in such a system with a diverse selection of linear precoding/combining schemes have been derived.

In order to be able to properly evaluate massive MIMO solutions in other WPs, the power consumption has been modelled corresponding to the achievable throughput at different system levels (per user, cell, and area). Given the fundamental differences between the innovative transmitter architecture developed in MAMMOET and traditional (macro) BSs, estimating their power consumption required a significant modelling effort, taking into account all the different components in order to assess the total system power consumption. This has been achieved and allowed to accurately define the energy efficiency metric.

The spectral efficiencies achieved by large-scale massive MIMO networks have been established analytically and illustrated for a variety of different setups. The effect of the main scenario parameters and the impact of hardware impairments have been investigated. Moreover, scaling behaviours and practical trade-offs have been identified. These results provide fundamental limits of the massive MIMO performance and the conclusions yield a valuable first insight that will be used to steer the MAMMOET research on algorithm development around the topics of channel estimation, pilot allocation, adaptation to traffic load variations, and phase-coherent precoding/combining.

The work related to fundamental limits have been presented in D1.1 “System scenarios, and requirements specifications”, published at a conference, and submitted for journal publication.

During year 2, theoretical investigations about power combining of constant and non-constant envelope signals from transmitter arrays were finished and the high level PA simulation platform in Agilent ADS was completed. The investigation on loss-mechanism (frequency developed and frequency independent of RF transistors for PAs) was finished as well as the investigations about performance limitations for switched-mode and Doherty PAs in combination with PWM modulators. The behaviour of massive MIMO in low traffic situations was analyzed. Further the optimal power control for the pilot and payload transmission in massive MIMO for single-cell scenarios was solved.

Task 1.2: Scenarios, system outline and performance metrics (M01-M14; Task Lead: TID)

This has been a task of paramount importance, since the massive MIMO concept can only be understood and described properly if appropriate system scenarios are envisaged, with the goal of enabling actual capacity and energy improvements. Scenarios definitions amount on specifying the values of a set of parameters that are common to all scenarios and elaborating the main characteristics that are specific to each scenario. The selection of the prioritized scenarios has been driven by both technical and business related criteria. This ensures that MAMMOET results will focus on demonstrating substantial capacity and energy gains while maximizing the potential impact, targeting to increase the chances for adoption in commercial exploitation. Moreover, the baseline scenarios for performance comparisons have been identified.



In project period 2 spreadsheet model incorporating all the functional RF transmit/receive blocks for level and frequency planning and investigation of performance requirements and trade-offs were developed as well as functional block-diagrams and basic MATLAB simulations for efficient transmitter architectures (baseband signal generation, RF modulator and PA). Further the system simulations and verification of PWM-based modulator in combination with different PA concepts like switched-mod- and Doherty- PA were completed.

The system scenarios, specifications and requirements reported in M12 D1.1 have been further analyzed. The main focus has been set on the process of specifying simulation scenarios. In particular lists of the system parameters and metrics which were important for the analysis and evaluations conducted in T1.1, T1.3, WP2, WP3, and WP4 have been provided.

Task 1.3: Channel Measurements and Analysis (M04-M18; Task Lead: ULUND)

During year 1 we have made channel measurements for massive MIMO with special emphasis on the crowd scenario, which is considered as one of the most challenging scenario for today’s cellular networks. Partners in this task have also been involved in the COST IC1004 action on Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments, where measurement results have been disseminated and the extension of the COST 2100 model for massive MIMO has been proposed.

In the second period, work has been finalized for channel measurements in indoor lecture hall and performed for several different scenarios. Measurements of the data analyzed were performed and parameters were extracted for the “Open Exhibition” and “Indoor Crowd” scenarios. Channel measurements were used for directional estimations and for extraction of cluster parameters. These were used to set and validate parameters of the Massive MIMO channel model (extended COST 2100 model). A modified METIS model was provided to assist investigations on the effect of user shadowing. In T1.3 the massive MIMO channel model was created and implemented in MATLAB. The channel measurements and the statistical models were created out of it for simulation purposes have been reviewed in preparation of the integration of the model into the WP4 simulator.

The work in this task generated the following deliverables (D1.2 and D1.3) where the channel measurement results for the scenarios Open exhibition and Crowded auditorium were presented. The measurement procedure and equipment were described. Massive MIMO (MaMi) channel characteristics and key parameters were extracted and used in an extended COST 2100 channel model for MaMi. The initial validation performed showed that the model is capable of reproducing the statistics in terms of temporal behaviour of the user separability, singular value spread, capacity and sum-rate and directional characteristics. The MATLAB implementation of the MAMMOET massive MIMO channel model was documented and a user manual was generated.

1.3.2 WP02 - Efficient FE Solutions (M04-M36)

Task 2.1: Development of digital modulation and architectures for efficient MaMi transmission (M04-M24); Task Lead: KU Leuven)

Within project period 1, the partners involved performed a feasibility analysis of digital RF transmitters for Massive MIMO, which allowed a comparison of digital RF architectures with more conventional I/Q and polar modulators. An open loop digital transmitter architecture for RF-PWM is chosen for better integration and because of its open loop nature, it can be configured over a wide range of operating frequencies. The limiting factor on the range of carrier frequencies is not the design but the technology node used. A coarse-fine architecture for the modulator was chosen to increase power efficiency as compared to previous work.

In the beginning of the second year, study of different transmitter architectures was performed and time based digital-RF transmitters were chosen based on those studies. Delay line based digital architectures were developed and compared with conventional IQ transmitters. Furthermore, bandpass models of transmitter were being developed in MATLAB to study effects of quantization



and mismatch errors on signal quality and architecture of transmitter was finalized. This task officially ended in the second period.

Task 2.2: Circuit design of a novel power efficient and flexible transmitter system for MaMi based transmission (M12-M36; Task Lead: KU Leuven)

Work was performed on the core of the digital modulator in IFX C40 and BiCMOS technologies. IFAT and KU Leuven worked on the circuit design for the chosen architecture and the core of the transmitter was designed at circuit level and simulated with VerilogA test benches. The MAMMOET team finalized co-simulation platforms for MATLAB and cadence so that the circuits could be tested with modulated signals and characterized. The designed circuits were tapedout and measured.

Task 2.3: Calibration of the fronted for non reciprocity (M04-M20; Task Lead: imec)

In order to simulate the impact on the performance of MaMi systems, models of the channel non-reciprocity impairments have been created in the beginning of the project. The non-reciprocity was modelled as a set of independent random multiplicative amplitude factors acting on the different antennas.

During the second project period, the problem of channel non-reciprocity was studied for its impact and possible solutions were analysed. System models for up and downlink non-reciprocity were provided. The impact on system SINR and BER were also simulated.

As a result D2.4 “Analysis of non-reciprocity impact and possible solutions” was completed and submitted. This deliverable reports on the impact study of non-reciprocal transceivers on the channel state acquisition, and consequently the performance of Massive MIMO systems. This task officially ended in the second period.

Task 2.4: Design environment and design support (M4-M28=last tapeout; Task Lead: IFAT)

In the first project year, a first version of the PDK (D2.1) has been delivered to KULeuven.

First and second version of PDK has been provided by IFAT in the second period. Also simulation support provided in for the tapeout. A PhD student from KU Leuven was facilitated to spend four months in Villach with IFAT team for the design and the tapeout.

The results have been summarized in D2.3. This deliverable provides the description of the final PDK and the access provided to the partners. D2.3 is the continuation of D2.1, the Preliminary PDK. In the third year the design environment and simulation support enabled to finalize the transmitter architecture at circuit level.

Task 2.5: Tapeout and production of test chips (M12-M32; Task Lead: IFAT)

This task started before M12 because the system level simulations were completed ahead of schedule. The first modulator chips from IFAT and KU Leuven have been completed. First results were already included in D2.2. This deliverable provides an overview of the MAMMOET Prototype test chips 1st run and contains three main parts: the system level description, an all-digital RFPWM transmitter approach and the mixed-signal design. In the third period the fabricated chips were delivered. High Speed PCBs were designed for the testing. A test bench was setup in the lab for measurement purposes. It was show that that the chips were indeed low power and were able to meet specifications for WLAN 802.11g.

1.3.3 WP03 - Baseband Solutions (M04-M36)

Task 3.1: Hardware-aware signal processing (M04-M36; Task Lead: LIU)

In the first period a comprehensive communication theoretic study has been conducted to analyze how different types of hardware distortions affect the achievable data rates in MaMi. It was proved analytically that the distortions are suppressed due to averaging effect from having many antennas. A scaling law was obtained to show at what pace the hardware design constraints can be relaxed when adding more antennas.



OFDM and single-carrier modulations with frequency-domain equalization have been devised for both MISO and MIMO under multipath channels. The influence of hardware distortions on discrete-time constant envelope precoding, which reduce the peak-to-average-power ratio, and other precoding schemes has been conducted. In particular, a non-linear PA model was considered in order to analyze the impact of back-off. Furthermore, implementation and analysis of continuous-time constant envelope precoding has been initiated.

Behavioural modelling of PA and RF modulator for digital impairments compensation has been conducted in terms of a feasibility study. Behavioural models for different PA architectures for conventional and digital operation in ADS have been developed.

State-of-the-art signal processing algorithms have been summarized in the deliverable D3.1 “First assessment of baseband processing requirements for MaMi systems”.

During the second project year, techniques to mitigate pilot contamination by pilot reuse and power control schemes for massive MIMO systems based on existing long term evolution (LTE) measurements have been developed and evaluated. A comprehensive communication-theoretic analysis of how different types of hardware imperfections/impairments at the base stations affect massive MIMO communications has been conducted. The model includes phase-drifts, distortion noise, and noise amplification at each antenna. Initial signal processing algorithms that are aware of the hardware impairments have been developed for both the downlink and uplink. A first algorithm for continuous-time constant envelope precoding has been developed and tested. An example implementation of the DTCE precoding algorithm from WP3 has been delivered to WP4 for future evaluation. The initial WP1 investigations on optimized pilot and data power control, as well as optimal linear signal processing, has been continued within WP3 and resulted in new practical algorithms. Different approaches to low peak-to-average power MaMi precoding techniques have been compared in terms of their power consumption and complexity when implemented in hardware. First results on channel estimation and subcarrier interpolation in OFDM implementations were presented at the internal technical meeting in Madrid (September 2015). This work focused on how frequently the detection matrices need to be computed, in time and frequency, due to channel variations. First results on out-of-band radiation in massive MIMO systems were also presented at the internal technical meeting in Madrid.

Focus during the third year has been on using experience from previous periods to make processing algorithms and performance analysis increasingly realistic, putting more effort on processing complexity and influence of hardware impairments. The period was therefore started with a complexity workshop in Lund, where many of these issues were discussed. During the period, partners have made detailed analysis of different types of precoding strategies in terms of numerical complexity, power consumption, and communication performance. Work has also been done on channel estimation and interpolation strategies, which have a great impact on both system performance and final complexity. The impact of nonlinear PAs on in-band and out-of-band interference has been analyzed and system-dimensioning aspects have been investigated. A primary goal of this part of the work has been to understand and characterize influence on standards compliance. The results obtained by the partners during the period have increased the understanding of how a MaMi physical layer should be designed. Idealized analysis and design results from previous periods have been made increasingly realistic, providing a solid foundation for MaMi system design. In addition to summarizing the results in D.3.3, the performed investigations have been, and continue to be, published on the international arena.

Task 3.2: Distributed and centralized baseband processing architectures and algorithms (M04-M36; Task Lead: ULUND)

In period 1 work started with initial designs of the basic processing architecture for implementations on the LuMaMi testbed in Lund. A first version of the massive MIMO testbed has been presented with basic level precoding schemes (conjugate beamforming and zero-forcing) and four simultaneous users in the first period. A first version of the LuMaMi massive MIMO testbed has been presented, with real time processing of up-link signals and spatial multiplexing of multiple users using maximum ratio and zero-forcing detection as well. An optimized power allocation scheme was selected in order to minimize the BER observed for the MRT precoder



Within the second project year, a reference simulation scenario, including algorithms for a baseline MaMi system but also links to analog non-idealities (WP2) and simple channel models and estimation schemes were identified, in order to compare different solutions. The most critical values having impact on simulations with respect to non-idealities and network scenarios have been listed and discussed with partners, in order to get realistic results. A study has been performed in order to quantify the different signal, noise and interference components in MRT-based Massive MIMO. It provides guidance on the scenarios that can efficiently be associated to that precoder. The final processing structure for the LuMaMi testbed has been settled in the second period.

Like in T3.1, partners have during the third period focused largely on making the design and analysis more realistic. When addressing distributed and centralized processing, partners have performed increasingly realistic investigations on several different levels – all the way from system-level simulations of MaMi performance to detailed analysis and design of processing architectures. System-level simulations of massive MIMO performance were performed according to the established methodology in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standardization. The downlink capacity and throughput gains of user equipment (UE)-specific beamforming has been evaluated for several array sizes and orientation setups in the 3GPP three-dimensional (3D) urban macro (UMa) and 3D urban micro (UMi) scenarios. Processing architectures have been designed and analyzed in terms of how processing should be partitioned and how different word lengths influence performance and data shuffling requirements. This also includes studies of how the number of bits in ADCs influences performance and energy consumption. Simulations have also been used to study the influence by power control and link adaption algorithms on throughput and fairness in realistic propagation conditions. Partners have also studied digital pre-processing and polar-to-IQ transformation in simulations. Project partners have built solid understanding of how MaMi baseband processing should be designed, with a solid understanding of how realistic processing architectures and algorithm implementations influence MaMi system performance and energy consumption. Results have been detailed in D3.3 and are/will be published on the international arena.

Task 3.3: Development of MaMi-specific processing blocks (M08-M36; Task Lead: imec)

In the beginning of the project, studies on dedicated hardware solutions for approximate matrix inversions and precoders for reduced power variations, based on massive MIMO channel properties, have been studied. Optimized massive MIMO zero-focing precoder based on accelerated Neumann Series matrix inversions has been designed and analyzed. A reduced peak-to-average power pre-coder, based on digital-domain signal clipping and compensation using reserved antennas, has been designed and analyzed. Software-defined radios were proposed in order to provide the required flexibility while simultaneously optimizing the performance. A model of digital complexity and power consumption was presented, as well as guidelines on algorithm-architecture co-design.

Then in period 2, a complexity assessment framework has been set-up and the critical low-accuracy operation for low power has been validated for a number of components (PA, DAC, some hardware non-idealities). This framework has been expanded by revisiting a number of subcomponents for better accuracy, for more flexible support of different Massive MIMO configurations, and for anticipation of future implementation architectures. The related conclusions have been presented at a Madrid project meeting in September. Behaviour modelling of PA and RF modulator for digital impairments compensation feasibility analysis has been initiated and such models for different PA architectures for conventional and digital operation in ADS developed. Activities in this task have resulted in 2 journal and 2 conference papers, and several other manuscripts in preparation and under review.

Partners have implemented and fabricated both linear and non-linear precoders and detectors for MaMi, in 28 nm FD-SOI technology. Circuit functionality has been verified and power/energy consumption characterized. Power consumption models for baseband processing have been improved, based on new knowledge about characteristics of processing blocks and data obtained during the project.



The fabricated MaMi baseband processing circuits are the first ones published. Detailed information is available in D.3.3 and presentation will take place at the solid-state flag-ship conference ISSCC.

1.3.4 WP04 - Validation and proof-of-concept (M13-M36)

Task 4.1: Simulation-based proof of integrated concepts (M13-M36; Task Lead: imec)

In order to allow timely validation, the high-level structure of the simulator framework was created and its actual development started before the initial start date. The need to support specific scenarios was discussed within the consortium, in order to identify the required elements and needed flexibility such that scenarios relevant for MAMMOET can be supported. Partners have aligned on the simulator requirements, considering input from the different WPs.

The simulator focuses on downlink data transmission towards single-antenna user terminals, as well as uplink pilot transmission for channel estimation. The main components leading to non-ideal MaMi performance are included (channel estimation, analog non-idealities, channel non-reciprocity, PA non-linearity...) in order to provide more realistic results.

The MATLAB-based simulator has been designed and implemented by the end of the second year. It offers a large number of parameters, in order to be used for the exploration of many different Massive MIMO scenarios. It is structured around one file accessible to the end-user in order to determine the selected scenario, while the computations are performed by different functions. It can be used to assess the BER or different metrics (PER, EVM...) over flexible Massive MIMO scenarios. These achievements and related results are included in D4.1.

The simulator has been used for system-level investigation such as SC and OFDM waveforms, PA non-linearity in-band and out-of-band, channel estimation as compared to ideal CSI, or quantization with related results published in the following paper: “Validation of low-accuracy quantization in massive MIMO and constellation EVM analysis”, Claude Desset and Liesbet Van der Perre, in EUCNC, Paris/France, June 2015.

The WP1 channel model was integrated into the baseband simulator in order to validate the performance over a more realistic propagation environment. Other updates were included in order to enable the testing the channel interpolation from WP3 and the impact of the WP2 modulator. D4.4 was delivered and validated the overall MAMMOET approach. Results have shown good performance on realistic scenarios combining the different elements of the project. The overall power consumption assessment was performed and the related models updated based on the selected MAMMOET scenarios and solutions. It has shown a large potential for power savings.

Task 4.2: Test-bed based validation (M13-M36; Task Lead: ULUND)

In period one, work has been started ahead of time to be able to have the LuMaMi testbed ready in time for real-environment massive MIMO tests. In the second period, the soft-defined radio platform testbed has been build up. It has 100 base station antennas and can serve 10 single-antenna users at the same time and frequency grid. The RF front-end is programmable to support different bands below 6 GHz with bandwidth varying from 5 MHz to 40 MHz. Digital baseband processing is powered by FPGA, providing both flexibility to explore different massive MIMO setups and real-time processing capability to test the concept of massive MIMO in fast-changing environment.

The concept of massive MIMO has been proven with over-the-air transmission. An LTE-like OFDM-based massive MIMO framework has been implemented on the testbed with FPGA processing. Uplink real-time video transmission has been demonstrated between 4 single-antenna users and base station equipped with 100 serving antennas and zero-forcing detection. TDD operation with reciprocity calibration has been verified with host processing. Reciprocity calibration has been implemented on the LuMaMi testbed and downlink communication demonstrated.

The proof-of-concept testbed was fully assembled with flexible configuration to test different scenarios. Multiple experiments have been performed to validate the system performance. D4.2



was delivered. It describes the testbed architecture as well as results observed over a set of different scenarios, including indoor/outdoor, static/mobile and up to 12 parallel users based on 100 antennas at the base station.

Task 4.3: Innovative hardware prototypes (M28-M36; Task Lead: IFAT)

The measurement set-up was constructed and the different WP2 components were measured and validated against design simulations (digital-RF modulator, bandpass filter, Doherty PA). D4.3 was delivered. A very high signal quality was observed, in-band and out-of-band. A low power consumption was also measured for the modulator.

1.4 Potential Impact, Dissemination Activities and Exploitation of Results

1.4.1 Potential Impact

The MAMMOET project developed key technologies for radio access networks, which holds the potential to increase the capacity 10 times or more and simultaneously, improve the energy-efficiency (bit/J) in the order of 1000 times or more. The focus technology and objectives of the project can realise the specific impact expected by objective 1.1 of the ICT-2013 call of FP7.

Impacts:

Going to massive numbers of antenna elements on the base stations can substantially enhance data rates, while the required transmit power can be decreased by several orders of magnitude compared to today's systems. To prove that MaMi is a strong candidate for future mobile networks, MAMMOET developed new essential functionality and attractive integration, which together can achieve exceptional radio efficiency (10-fold capacity increase together with 100-fold reduction in radiated energy). The gain came from combining heavy beamforming with high-efficiency low-power radio component

MAMMOET pursued a next generation system with much higher spectral and energy efficiency compared to current systems. The increased capacity is achieved by aggressive spatial multiplexing. The improvement in energy efficiency stems from power (array) gain of the massive array, as well as the introduction of low-power amplifiers with much better efficiencies. Moreover, the large number of antennas offers a large flexibility towards reduction of interference between cells exploiting the same frequency band. The project concentrated on low energy solutions, not only for the transmitted (radiated) power, but also for the total energy consumption including digital baseband, RF front-end and power amplifier.

The MAMMOET consortium had main European industrial players on board, which through the project were able to acquire relevant technological innovation to strengthen their position. Moreover, the consortium promoted its results especially in Europe. The outcome was also injected into other European projects that the partners were involved in and is important input to product plans for mobile, wireless, networks and its convergence with IT.

MAMMOET had concrete plans to contribute to standards. Appropriate IPR measures and plans were put in place.

The MAMMOET consortium had an operator on board, namely Telefonica. This operator has an ambitious strategy, and is looking forward to investigate the potential of upgrading its network radically building on the promising MaMi technology through this project.

Given the outstanding capacity and energy efficiency potential of this technology, the progress towards convincing proof of concept has stimulated the take up by standards. MAMMOET results are most likely to end up in 5G networks and (hardware) systems.



Specifically, through a widespread dissemination of the project expertise and progress, both broad and in-depth knowledge of Massive MIMO technology was raised. Particular project results can also be used beyond the Massive MIMO focus, as for example the channel characterization and the power efficient transmitters.

Through its structured plan to achieve this ambitious objective

MAMMOET focused on the very promising concept of MaMi that has been shown to enable a great capacity increase at drastically lower radiated energy compared to today’s broadband wireless systems. Importantly, MAMMOET progressed beyond the state-of-the-art:

To show the broad applicability of the concepts and resolve (signal processing) bottlenecks (including channel estimation, synchronization and appropriate precoding)

To conceive and optimise the system such that it can be realised with simple hardware, and thus also achieve a greatly improved total energy efficiency (including hardware implementation of critical functions for proof of concept).

The work-plan of the project has been established to ensure all main hurdles towards an efficient realisation of MaMi are first identified. Next, these hurdles were addressed through targeted and cooperative research activities. Last but not least the project validated the overall progress and provided proof of the major innovations. Consequently, MAMMOET greatly increased the confidence level that MaMi can live up to its promises and that the technology is ready to be considered for next generation broadband mobile systems and incorporated in the evolution of current generations (4G LTE/LTE-Advanced).

Through its highly motivated and well balanced team

The MAMMOET team was really enthusiastic about the potential of the Massive MIMO technology and was highly motivated to progress this technology based on their relevant expertise. Many of the partners have a great experience of cooperating together, also in the frame of other successful EU projects like MultiBase and DRAGON. They were delighted to extend this cooperation in the frame of this project, harnessing together the power of the challenging and emerging MaMi domain, from joint system studies down to the design and demonstration of specific key components. The consortium brought together multi-disciplinary leading industrial and academic players, which together were well placed to achieve the project’s objectives. The MAMMOET partners covered all important experience and expertise required for the successful execution of the project. Two of the academic partners, Linköping University and Lund University, are among the pioneers of MaMi and are at the fore-front of developing the associated communication theoretic concepts and characterizing real propagation environments. Through Lund University, the project accessed to channel sounding equipment capable of handling 128 antenna elements and a test-bed for MaMi systems with 100 base station antenna elements/transmitter chains and distributed FPGA-based processing. KU Leuven and Infineon have a great expertise in innovating analogue front-ends to achieve outstanding figures-of-merit specifically in terms of power consumption versus performance. Digital architectures and baseband processing expertise was provided by imec, Lund University, and Linköping University, all having extensive experience with digital implementations for wireless communication systems. To guarantee industrial and business relevance, as well as dissemination of project results deep into mobile network standardisation efforts, MAMMOET had Infineon, Ericsson and Telefónica as industry partners. This trio covered the entire chain from component manufacturing via systems manufacturing to service provisioning, enabling in addition the incorporation of the main results and concepts developed within the project in the most relevant standardisation bodies. Through its dissemination and standardisation ambitions



The project had the ambition to share the findings and promote the results outside the consortium and also beyond the duration of the project. Specifically, the industrial partners that have been quite active in 3GPP made contributions to this standardisation body in order to push for the introduction of the essential concepts and results developed within the project.

Need for collaboration on a European level

The basic premise behind MaMi was to reap all the benefits of conventional MIMO, but on a much greater scale. MaMi is not “more of the same”, but a completely new technology. It was essential to establish in an early phase of this technology a close cooperation between experts spanning from theoretical specialists to implementation experts, and industrial partners including network operators, equipment makers, and silicon providers. The combination of this variety of expertises required collaboration on the European level.

While MaMi technology is in its infancy, recently, interesting progress has been made in other places in the world, most notably in the US. The Argos testbed was developed at Rice University in cooperation with Alcatel-Lucent, and shows the basic feasibility of the MaMi concept using 64 antennas operating coherently. By including an expert from Alcatel-Lucent in the advisory board, we strengthened the connection to this prior work and optimized our research path. While this testbed demonstrated that MaMi in the form envisioned, and that TDD operation relying on reciprocity was fundamentally workable, it also highlighted the urge for more research on the various issues that MaMi concepts brought.

Other test systems around the world also have demonstrated the basic feasibility of scaling up the number of antennas. The Ngara testbed in Australia used a 32-element base station array to serve up to 18 users simultaneously with true spatial multiplexing (although in FDD mode).

In order for Europe to build up critical know-how and IP on this promising technology, a considerable R&D investment was needed on the European level. Wireless communication has been a domain where Europe historically has held a strong position. In order not to end up in a follower position, academia and industry in Europe joined forces and explored and pursued technologies that can bring radical rather than incremental improvement in capacity and energy efficiency, such like MaMi.

Not only the technological objectives, yet importantly also the standardisation and dissemination goals of this project required a collaboration on a European level. Indeed MaMi presents a very promising but quite disruptive concept. Its adoption for future wireless broadband systems required a broad and strong support on the European level.

Importance of MAMMOET for European society

The progress of the broadband wireless networks allowing numerous new and better services, can bring great value for Europe’s society by offering mobile multimedia services, as well as enabling many new wireless applications (machine-to-machine communication, eHealth, and traffic safety improvement, to name just a few). There was a growing agreement between industry and end-users that minimal energy consumption is equally crucial because of ecological reasons (society does care about the “green” aspects of products) and because it can extend the autonomy and usability of mobile products with wireless interfaces. MAMMOET through the realization of its objective combined both societal aspirations, to progress broadband wireless networks while saving energy.

Also, minimizing EM radiation of mobile networks and terminals became increasingly important because EM radiation that is higher than necessary will increase interference and hence reduce the communication quality, and more and more customers raised questions about the impact of the radiation on their health. MaMi worked at substantially lower radiated total energy, and thus brought about a considerable reduction of the electromagnetic field exposure, both from base station and terminal viewpoints.

Further the beamforming gains and multiplexing capabilities provides an unprecedented potential in improving both coverage and capacity in rural areas and countryside. This can bridge a large



part of the gap in mobile broadband performance to urban and suburban areas, truly providing wireless broadband to all with a reasonable business side of it.

External factors influencing the achievement of MAMMOET impacts

The project focused on a quite disruptive transmission scheme, and its actual deployment depended on its adoption in relevant standards. The partners firmly believe that MaMi will make a great candidate for future broadband wireless, and will actively contribute to that. The project adapted to specific evolutions in relevant standards, depending on the timing of those evolutions. In addition to the projects, other EU funded projects may in the future perform R&D relevant to the MAMMOET project.

Scientific impact expected beyond specific MAMMOET goals

Besides the industrial and societal impact in line with the strategic objectives laid out by the EC, MAMMOET also had an important scientific impact in several domains. We draw a sketch of the potential impact by means of a few well-chosen examples taken from the different abstraction levels that were addressed by MAMMOET, without being complete (which would go beyond the scope of this project).

A first example where significant scientific impact was expected, resides in the design of efficient RF power amplifier (PA) design. In this domain there has recently been a lot of attention for switched (class D, E, S) amplifiers. This is caused by the fact that these PAs hold a lot of potential for efficiency when looked at from a pure power amplifier point of view. MAMMOET extended this by taking the switched principle further and also included the digital modulator. Scientific progress came from co-conceiving and in a next step co-designing RF switched amplifiers with efficient digital modulators. This created a whole new class of transmitter systems that combine switched mode efficiency with digital flexibility, accuracy and significantly reduced per channel hardware complexity.

To implement the new class of transmitter systems also new digital implementation techniques allowing continuous time digital processing were conceived. An example of such a technique is phase and PWM modulation by means of calibrated digital delay lines. This class of techniques holds the potential to realise picosecond time domain accuracy without the need for clock frequencies close to the Terahertz range. Continuous time digital signal processing proved to be essential to realise the required combination of energy efficiency, flexibility and modulation accuracy. This kind of knowledge about RF-transmitters with high energy efficiency, low hardware complexity and programmability inspired innovation in other areas like digital broadcast transmitters, intelligent microwave ovens, medical microwave scanners, microwave ignition and Hg-free energy saving lamps.

Another example is hardware-friendly signal shaping algorithms for downlink (from the massive array at the base station to the terminals). Like in any other communication scheme, it was of interest to focus as much of the transmitted signal energy to the intended receiver/terminal. What makes MaMi different is that its massive spatial resolution gives it a much higher capacity to do so than previous wireless communication systems. This opened an opportunity, beyond this project, where the strong spatial focusing of energy can be used for wireless power supply of remote devices from a massive array, while reducing the EMF power levels elsewhere. Further, the increased spatial resolution can also be used for localization and remote sensing, which are two very interesting applications of massive arrays. The signal processing needed to transmit and receive hundreds of coherent radio signals in parallel, to and from tens of terminals, required new optimization techniques and new distributed processing strategies to achieve high energy efficiency. Beyond MAMMOET, the signal processing developed had the potential to improve efficiency of many other systems requiring massive coherent signal processing, such as large sensor and/or actuator systems, as well as centralized baseband processing techniques like Cloud-RAN or other coordinated radio resource management techniques (C-RRM).



1.4.2 Dissemination Activities

Dissemination activities ensure the visibility and awareness of the project and support the widest adoption of its results in industry and research. The detailed exploitation and dissemination activities of the project results were coordinated within WP5. The dissemination strategy of MAMMOET consisted essentially of two consecutive phases:

The awareness-oriented phase aimed to create awareness and to raise public interest.

The result-oriented phase involved collaboration with relevant parties to further research and promoted results of the project to potentially interested parties.

The two phases of dissemination required different methods and activities to be undertaken in order to achieve their goals.

Awareness-oriented dissemination phase Raising the public awareness involved the setting up of the basic marketing materials and awareness-raising presentations about the project and the problems it aims to tackle. Thus, the main common activities of the MAMMOET consortium follow:

Setting up a common project design, such as a MAMMOET logo, templates for documents and presentations.

Creating and maintaining the project website which will describe the challenges and the goals of the project and which will introduce the project members.

MAMMOET marked its presence on Social Networks (LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.).

Designing the project information materials (such as a leaflet and an introductory off-the-shelf presentation).

Universities used and will further use the MAMMOET technology in their courses.

Giving introductory presentations at conferences and workshops about the challenges and goals of MAMMOET in order to raise awareness among the scientific and industrial stakeholders and to establish the basic brand name of MAMMOET.

Attending programme concertation meetings and presenting the project, in particular the chosen technology track, to other EC-funded projects.

Result-oriented dissemination phase In order to promote the results of the MAMMOET project, this dissemination phase addressed stakeholders by means of the following planned activities:

Display and promotion of public deliverables and news for viewing and downloading on the project website in order to reflect the liveliness and progress of the project and to keep interested parties up-to-date and poll for feedback.

Presentations in international conferences and workshops introducing the findings of the MAMMOET project.

High-quality papers were submitted to and published in scientific and industry conferences and journals.

The MAMMOET consortium published and disseminated press releases after having reached important milestones. These press releases were circulated to representatives of the international specialised press.

Result-oriented dissemination was ensured by workshops. Thus the MAMMOET consortium planed to organise two specific workshops at relevant events to communicate to and interact with external public on the R&D results in broad and in depth: 1. The first workshop mainly focused on functional solutions, to enable potential relevant feedback to be taken into account in the frame of the project. This workshop was on Globecom 2015.

http://mamiws.eit.lth.se/



2. The second workshop was mainly focused on the implementation and validation results. It exposed the feasibility and attractiveness of MaMi to the public. It was organised in conjunction with ESSCIRC.

1.5 Miscellaneous

1.5.1 Project Website

The official project website of the MAMMOET project was designed to provide an overview of the project and up-to-date information on its activities and results, as well as contact details, partner information and information on events. . The website can be viewed with a standard web browser and will be kept alive throughout the project period and at least 3 years afterwards. The MAMMOET project website is available under the following link: https://mammoet-project.eu

The project website was updated continuously by the Project Coordinator, whereas all partners participated in the process by notifying the Coordinator of important news, publications and developments.

Figure 2: MAMMOET Website

The project website serves as the most versatile information and communication tool because on the one hand it creates the opportunity to provide information for a worldwide audience and on the other hand enabled a working platform for the project team.

https://mammoet-project.eu/news/press-news

https://mammoet-project.eu/



Beside the public area there was a password-protected area, reserved for project participants, in order to share project-internal data only. Only registered partners were able to enter it and could benefit from the options offered there. These included for example:

Calendar for appointments and meetings,

Documentations & Tutorials

Mailing lists for reaching special mailing groups,

Archives of the mailing list emails.

Access to the SVN

Project Handbook

1.5.2 MAMMOET Logo

In order to establish the immediate recognition of the MAMMOET project, the official project logo was designed. The logo was used in all dissemination tools from internal documents and reporting templates to external communication tools such as the website, presentations and brochure. This consistent graphical identity supported effective communication and recognizable dissemination activities.

Figure 3: MAMMOET Logo

1.5.3 MAMMOET Templates

The templates, which were prepared at the beginning of the project helped to save time and effort for the members of the consortium, since no further design work was necessary. Templates for documents and presentations were produced and made downloadable for all project members. The templates were important to ensure a united impression and a consistent visual appearance of the project.

1.5.4 MAMMOET Leaflet

The image and consistency of the dissemination activities was further enhanced by a designed project brochure. The visually pleasing brochure covers all necessary aspects of the project to allow for effective project introduction.

The official MAMMOET leaflet is a two-sided, informative and graphically appealing A4 flyer which includes the most important general project related information. On the one hand it was handed out in printed form, e.g. at conferences or other events; on the other hand also the electronic version (e.g. a PDF file) was circulated. In addition these leaflets were distributed at various project dissemination events.

The project leaflet covers the following aspects of the project:

Project details such as duration, funding and project number

The consortium members and their country of origin

The contact persons for the project



1.5.5 MAMMOET Social Media

Making use of the advantages of social media helps spreading project information to a large audience. As a consequence, they are valuable means to disseminate project ideas and results and have been actively used during the third project period.

Twitter is an online social networking service and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters, known as "tweets". The MAMMOET project is available on https://twitter.com/FP7_MAMMOET .Since the account creation in January 2014, MAMMOET could attract more than 26 followers and 50 tweets have been posted.

LinkedIn is a social networking site for people in professional occupations or simply a social network for business. The MAMMOET group is a closed group. This ensures that only people who have been approved by the manager or admin can see the content of the group. It can be accessed via: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/7451662/profile.The group has 43 members, representing both project partners as well as project external persons that are interested in the project.

On the MAMMOET-website direct links to the MAMMOET Twitter Account and the MAMMOET LinkedIn-Group can be found.

1.5.6 MAMMOET Newsletter

As Newsletters are an efficient communication channel in order to provide news on the project progress and to discuss ongoing topics relevant to MAMMOET for internal and external project partners, stakeholders and other interested bodies, the MAMMOET consortium published a few Newsletters also during the third project period. 5 issues were published, informing about the main outcome of the first and second project period, technical results and an outlook for the third period. Last MAMMOET Newsletter was issued in June 2016 and informed about the meetings that took place and summarized the work performed during year three of the project. The newsletters can be found on the MAMMOET website on https://mammoet-project.eu/news/press-news and are also posted via the MAMMOET Twitter and MAMMOET LinkedIn account to catch further public awareness.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microblogging

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)

https://twitter.com/FP7_MAMMOET

https://www.linkedin.com/groups/7451662/profile




Figure 4: MAMMOET Newsletter Issue 4

1.5.7 MAMMOET Poster

Already in period 1, the MAMMOET consortium created a project poster containing a summary of the key facts of the projects. Within the third project period, the MAMMOET consortium has created an updated poster, containing up-to-date information of the current progress of the project. It serves as a convenient illustrating dissemination tool at conferences, workshops, fairs, etc. In addition to the poster, TEC created a project roll-up which helps to promote the MAMMOET project at various dissemination events. All dissemination material is available on the project website: https://mammoet-project.eu/news/press-news .

1.5.8 International Workshops on MAMMOET

The first international workshop on MAMMOET: Architecture and Assurance for Secure Systems took place in March 2014, in Erlangen/Germany. The last conference, were the MAMMOET partners attended and participated took place in December 2016, in Washington, DC/USA.

1.5.9 The MAMMOET Consortium

The MAMMOET consortium holds all ingredients for a successful project. The consortium is a well balanced mix of 1 SME, 3 universities, 1 research institution and 3 industrial partners from four different European countries (Austria, Belgium, Spain and Sweden) who provided their extensive know-how and long-lasting experience for the development of the targeted MaMi system. This constellation enables the project to tackle the problem with an exhaustive approach, including researchers, developers and users.




Figure 3: The MAMMOET consortium



Chapter 2 Use and Dissemination of Foreground

Exploitation and dissemination activities are essential to implement and transfer the technology developed within the project as well as to maximize the benefits for the project partners. Carefully planned dissemination and exploitation strategies are an imperative for a successful project lifecycle.

2.1 Dissemination Measures (public)

Dissemination represents a key part within any research project since the awareness and publicity of a project is important to ensure the project success.

A list of all scientific (peer reviewed) publications relating to the foreground of the project as well as a list of all dissemination activities (publications, conferences, workshops, web sites/applications, press releases, flyers, articles published in the popular press, videos, media briefings, presentations, exhibitions, thesis, interviews, films, TV clips, posters) is provided below. These tables are cumulative which means that they show all publications and activities from the beginning until after the end of the project.



2.1.1 List of scientific (peer reviewed) publications, starting with the most important ones (public)

This table is cumulative, which means that it shows all 38 scientific publications from the beginning until after the end of the project.

No Title Main author Title of the

periodical or the series

Publisher Place of

publication Year of

publication Relevant

pages

Permanent identifiers

1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

1

MIMO Capacity under Power Amplifiers Consumed Power and Per-Antenna Radiated Power Constraints

Daniel Persson, Erik G. Larsson, Hei Victor Cheng

IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

IEEE Toronto 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2014.6941397

No

2 Massive MIMO for Next Generation Wireless Systems

E. G. Larsson, O. Edfors, F. Tufvesson, T. L. Marzetta

IEEE Communications Magazine

IEEE 2014 186-195 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736761

yes

3

Optimizing Multi-Cell Massive MIMO for Spectral Efficiency: How Many Users Should Be Scheduled?

Emil Björnson, Erik G. Larsson, Mérouane Debbah

IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)

IEEE Atlanta 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GlobalSIP.2014.7032190

yes

4 On the Impact of PA-Induced In-Band

Christopher Mollén, Erik G.

European Wireless VDE Barcelona 2014 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/docu

No

1 A permanent identifier should be a persistent link to the published version full text if open access or abstract if article is pay per view) or to the final manuscript accepted for

publication (link to article in repository). 2 Open Access is defined as free of charge access for anyone via Internet. Please answer „yes“ if the open access to the publication is already established and also if the embargo

period for open access is not yet over but you intend to establish open access afterwards.









http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6843096/authors

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6843096/authors





Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Distortion in Massive MIMO

Larsson, Thomas Eriksson

ment/6843096/authors

5

A low-complex peak-to-average power reduction scheme for OFDM based massive MIMO systems

H. Prabhu, O. Edfors, J. Rodrigues, L. Liu, F. Rusek

International Symposium on communications, control and signal processing

IEEE Greece 2014 114-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2014.6877829

Yes

6

Hardware Efficient Approximative Matrix Inversion for Linear Pre-Coding in Massive MIMO

H. Prabhu, O. Edfors, J. Rodrigues, L. Liu, F. Rusek

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

IEEE Melbourne 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2014.6865481

Yes

7 Large antenna array and propagation environment interaction

Xiang Gao, Meifang Zhu, Fredrik Rusek, Fredrik Tufvesson, Ove Edfors

Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers

IEEE Monterey 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2014.7094530

No

8 A flexible 100-antenna testbed for Massive MIMO

J. Vieira, S. Malkowsky, K. Nieman, Z. Miers, N. Kundargi, L. Liu, I. Wong, V. Öwall, O. Edfors, F. Tufvesson

IEEE Globecom 2014 Workshop - Massive MIMO: From Theory to Practice

IEEE Austin 2014

https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2014.7063446

Yes

9

Reciprocity calibration methods for Massive MIMO based on antenna coupling

J. Vieira, F. Rusek, F. Tufvesson

IEEE Globecom 2014 - Wireless Communications Symposium

IEEE Austin 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037384

Yes

10 Massive MIMO with Non-Ideal Arbitrary

Emil Björnson, Michail Matthaiou,

IEEE Transactions on Wireless

IEEE 2015 4353-4368

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.

Yes

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2014.6877829



http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3288141





http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2014.6865481



http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4857731/file/4857740.pdf















http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0875






Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Arrays: Hardware Scaling Laws and Circuit-Aware Design

Mérouane Debbah Communications 2015.2420095

11

Massive MIMO for Maximal Spectral Efficiency: How Many Users and Pilots Should Be Allocated?

Emil Björnson, Erik G. Larsson, Mérouane Debbah

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

IEEE - 2015 1293-1308

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2015.2488634

Yes

12

Mitigating pilot contamination by pilot reuse and power control schemes for massive MIMO systems

V. Saxena, G. Fodor, and E. Karipidis

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring)

IEEE Glascow 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2015.7145932

No

13

Massive MIMO at Night: On the Operation of Massive MIMO in Low Traffic Scenarios

Hei Victor Cheng, Daniel Persson, Emil j rnson, Erik G. Larsson

IEEE ICC 2015 IEEE London 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2015.7248569

No

14

On the Sum-Capacity of the Continuous-Time Constant-Envelope MIMO Broadcast Channel

Christopher Mollén and Erik G. Larsson

IEEE SPAWC 2015

IEEE Stockholm 2015 - No

15 Multi-switch for antenna selection in massive MIMO

X. Gao, O. Edfors, F. Tufvesson, E. G. Larsson

IEEE Globecom 2015

IEEE San Diego 2015

https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2015.7417765

Yes

16

Massive MIMO in Real Propagation Environments: Do All Antennas Contribute

X. Gao, O. Edfors, F. Tufvesson, E. G. Larsson

IEEE Transactions on Communication

IEEE - 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2015.2462350

No














Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Equally?

17

Uplink Pilot and Data Power Control for Single Cell Massive MIMO Systems with MRC

ei Victor Cheng, Emil j rnson, Erik G. Larsson

IEEE ISWCS 2015 IEEE Brussels 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454371

No

18

Distributed Massive MIMO in Cellular Networks: Impact of Imperfect Hardware & Number of Oscillators

Emil Björnson, Michail Matthaiou, Antonios Pitarokoilis, Erik G. Larsson

European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2015)

EURASIP Nice 2015

https://doi.org/10.1109/EUSIPCO.2015.7362822

Yes

19

Massive MIMO with Multi-cell MMSE Processing: Exploiting All Pilots for Interference Suppression

Xueru Li, Emil Björnson, Erik G. Larsson, Shidong Zhou, Jing Wang

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

IEEE -

http://mammoet-project.eu/downloads/publications/MMSE-Processing.pdf

Yes

20

A Multi-cell MMSE Detector for Massive MIMO Systems and New Large System Analysis


Globecom 2015 IEEE - 2015


Yes

21

A Multi-cell MMSE Precoder for Massive MIMO Systems and New Large System Analysis


Globecom 2015 IEEE - 2015


Yes

22 Three Practical Aspects of Massive MIMO:

Emil Björnson, Erik G. Larsson

Globecom 2015 IEEE - 2015 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCO

Yes

























Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Intermittent User Activity, Pilot Synchronism, and Asymmetric Deployment

MW.2015.7413968

23

Multi-Standard Wideband OFDM RF-PWM Trnasmitter in 40nm CMOS

Shailesh Kulkarni, Ibrahim Kazi, David Seebacher, Peter Singerl, Franz Dielacher, Wim Dehaene, Patrick Reynaert

ESSCRIC 2015 IEEE Graz,

Austria 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2015.7313835

Yes

24

Validation of low-accuracy quantization in Massive MIMO and constellation EVM analysis

Claude Desset, Liesbet Van der Perre

EUCNC 2015 EC and IEEE

Paris, France

2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2015.7194033

Yes

25 Massive MIMO: Ten Myths and One Critical Question

Emil Björnson, Erik G. Larsson, Thomas L. Marzetta

IEEE Communications Magazine

IEEE 2016 114-123

https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2016.7402270

Yes

26

Performance of linear receivers for wideband massive MIMO with one-bit ADCs

C. Mollén, J. Choi, E. G. Larsson, and R. W. Heath, Jr.

Workshop Smart Antennas

ITG Munich,

Germany 2016

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7499171/

No

27

One-bit ADCs in wideband massive MIMO systems with OFDM transmission

C. Mollén, J. Choi, E. G. Larsson, and R. W. Heath, Jr.

ICASSP 2016 IEEE Shanghai,

China 2016

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472305

No






















Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

28

Random Access for Massive MIMO Systems with Intra-Cell Pilot Contamination

E. de Carvalho, E. Björnson, E. G. Larsson, P. Popovski

ICASSP 2016 IEEE Shanghai,

China 2016


Yes

29

Waveform Design for Massive MISO Downlink with Energy-Efficient Receivers Adopting 1-bit ADCs

A. Gokceoglu, M. Valkama, E. G. Larsson, E. Björnson

ICC 2016 IEEE Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

2016 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510947

No

30

Out-of-Band Radiation Measure for MIMO Arrays with Beamformed transmission

Christopher Mollén, Ulf Gustavsson, Thomas Eriksson, Erik G. Larsson

ICC 2016 IEEE Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

2016

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.05513v1.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7511629

Yes

31

Random Access Protocol for Massive MIMO: Strongest-User Collision Resolution (SUCR)

E. Björnson, E. de Carvalho, E. G. Larsson, P. Popovski

ICC 2016 IEEE Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

2016

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.00490.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510793

Yes

32 Massive MIMO for energy-efficient communications

Claude Desset and Björn Debaillie

EuMC IEEE London, UK 2016 - No

33 Massive MIMO: The scalable 5G technology

Claude Desset, Steve Blandino, Liesbet Van der Perre, Emil

EuCNC EC and IEEE

Athens, Greece

2016

http://www.comsoc.org/ctn/resurrection-5g-defense-

Yes




https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510947

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510947

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510947




https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7511629

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7511629

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7511629




https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510793

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510793

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7510793

http://www.comsoc.org/ctn/resurrection-5g-defense-massive-mimo?utm_source=Real%20Magnet&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=88153909








Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Björnson, Erik G. Larsson, Björn Debaillie, André Bourdoux, Sofie Pollin, Wim Dehaene, Ove Edfors, Liang Liu, Fredrik Tufvesson, Franz Dielacher, Javier Lorca, Eleftherios Karipidis, Klaus-Michael Koch, and Thomas L.Marzetta

massive-mimo?utm_source=Real%20Magnet&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=88153909

34

Signal, noise and interference power analysis in MRT-based Massive MIMO systems

Claude Desset ISCAS IEEE Montréal, Canada

2016 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2016.7527298

No

35 Out of band interference in Massive MIMO

Steve Blandino, Claude Desset, Sofie Pollin, and Liesbet Van der Perre

WIC Symposium on Information Theory

IEEE Benelux

Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium

2016 - No

36

Frequency-Domain Interpolation of the Zero-Forcing Matrix in Massive MIMO-OFDM

S. Kashyap C. Moll n E. j rnson; E. G. Larsson

SPAWC IEEE Edinburgh,

UK 2016

https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2016.7536907

No

37 Waveforms for the Massive MIMO Downlink: Amplifier

C. Mollén, E. G. Larsson, T.

IEEE Transactions on

IEEE 2016 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.013

Yes

https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2016.7527298













Publisher Place of

publication Year of


pages


1 (if

available)

Is/Will open access

2

provided to this

publication?

Efficiency, Distortion and Performance

Eriksson Communications 97.pdf


38

Downlink performance of massive MIMO in 3GPP 3D urban scenarios

E. Karipidis, G. Jöngren, S. Bergman, and H. Murai,

13th IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)

IEEE Tokyo, Japan

2016 - No

39

Mixed analog-digital pulse-width modulator for massive-MIMO transmitters

Y. Papananos, N. Alexiou, K. Galanopoulos, D. Seebacher and F. Dielacher

2016 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT)

IEEE Hsinchu, Taiwan

2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-DAT.2016.7482589

No

Table 1: List of peer-reviewed publications











2.1.2 List of dissemination activities (public)

This table is cumulative, which means that it always shows all activities from the beginning until after the end of the project.

No Type of

activities3

Main leader

Title Date Type of Audience

4 Size of

audience Type and goal of the

event Countries addressed Day Month Year Place A) B) C) D) E) F)

1 Press release TEC, ALL Partners

MAMMOET Announcement Letter

1 2014 online X X X X X X N/A

Press Release can be downloaded from MAMMOET website (coming soon)

International

2 Flyer TEC, ALL Partners

MAMMOET Leaflet

2 2014 online X X X X X X N/A

Official project leaflet can be downloaded from the MAMMOET website (coming soon)

International

3 Presentation LIU Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems

13 3 2014 Erlangen, Germany

X X

100

Invited talk by Erik G. Larsson at 18th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA) 2014

International

4 Presentation LIU

Future Wireless Communications: Keeping up with Exponential Traffic Growth

17 3 2014 Linköping, Sweden

X

100-150

Invited overview talk given by Emil Björnson at the Department of Electrical Engineering, LIU

National

5 Presentation LIU Fundamentals of massive MIMO

19 3 2014 Pisa, Italy X X

80

Lecture by Erik G. Larsson at Newcom# Spring School on Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for Heterogeneous Networks

International

6 Presentation LIU Massive MIMO: Bringing the Magic of

6 4 2014 Istanbul, Turkey

X X

20-30 Invited overview talk given by Emil Björnson at the

International

3 The type of public: Scientific Community (higher education, Research), Industry, Civil Society, Policy makers, Medias, Other (´multiple choises´ is possible)

4 The dissemination activity: publications, conferences, workshops, web, press releases, flyers, articles published in the popular press, videos, media breifing, presentations,

exhibitions, thesis, interviews, films, TV chips, posters, other. a) Scientific Community (higher education) b) Industry c) civil society, d) policy makers, e) medias



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



Asymptotics to Wireless Networks

workshop "Wireless Evolution Beyond 2020", co-organized with the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

7 Presentation LIU

Massive MIMO: Bringing the Magic of Asymptotics to Wireless Networks

25 4 2014 Stockholm,

Sweden X X

45

Invited "Wireless Friday seminar" given by Emil Björnson at KTH Royal Institute of Technology

National

8 Presentation LIU

On the Impact of PA-Induced In-Band Distortion in Massive MIMO

14-16

5 2014 Barcelona,

Spain X X

N/A

Christopher Mollén presented a paper at the European Wireless conference

National

9 Conference ULUND

A low-complex peak-to-average power reduction scheme for OFDM based massive MIMO systems

21 5 2014 Athens, Greece

X X

~30

Hemanth Prabhu presented a new precoding scheme at the IEEE International Symposium on communications, control and signal processing

International

10 Presentation LIU Downlink waveform design for massive MIMO

25-28

5 2014 Piscadera

Bay, Curacao

X X

N/A

Erik G. Larsson gave an invited talk on downlink waveform design for massive MIMO

International

11 Presentation LIU



Sweden X X

N/A

Emil Björnson gave an invited seminar at KTH Royal Institute of Technology

National

12 Conference ULUND

Hardware Efficient Approximative Matrix Inversion for Linear Pre-Coding in Massive MIMO

1 6 2014 Melbourne,

Australia X X

N/A

Hemanth Prabhu presented a n efficient matrix inversion implementation for massive MIMO at IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

International

13 Presentation imec IMEC Technology Form Brussels 2014

4-5 6 2014 Brussels/Bel

gium X X X X X X N/A

ITF russels is imec’s premier technology event, the imec Technology

International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



(ITF) Forum. Each year, they gather experts and visionaries in a two-day event to discuss the future in technology. Liesbet van der Perre presented MAMMOET at the ITF.

14 Presentation IFAT NetWorld2020 Experts Workshop

23 6 2014 Bologna,

Italy X X X X X X N/A

Franz Dielacher gave an overview presentation about MAMMOET

International

15 Conference IFAT, imec

European Conference on Networks and Communications

23-26

6 2014 Bologna,

Italy X X X X X X N/A

MAMMOET team members attended this conference

International

16 Presentation LIU


11 7 2014 Bâtiment Weicker /

Luxembourg X X

N/A

Emil Björnson gave an invited seminar at the University of Luxembourg

International

17 Presentation ULUND MIMO Goes Massive 5 8 2014 Austin, TX X X

~50

Ove Edfors presented the massive MIMO testbed at NI (National Instruments) Week.

International

18 Other ULUND Massive MIMO for 5G

20 8 2014 Dresden, Germany

X X

Fredrik Tufvesson at 5G Revolution dinner event in conjunction with 3GPP meeting in Dresden.

International

19 Workshop LIU

2014 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)

20 10 2014 Belfast / United

Kingdom X X X X X X N/A

Erik G. Larsson gave a keynote talk

International

20 Presentation ULUND Mobile communications going massive

21 10 2014 Lund,

Sweden X X X X X

20

Ove Edfors gave a talk at the Mobile Heights Center opening in Lund

National

21 Workshop ULUND LuMaMi – A flexible 100-antenna Testbed for Massive


Sweden X X

~50

Ove Edfors presented the Massive MIMO testbed at the European workshop on

International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



MIMO testbed based wireless research in Stockholm

22 Conference ULUND, LIU

Large Antenna Array and Propagation Environment Interaction

23-26

11 2014 Monterey, California

X X

~40

Erik G. Larsson organized a special session on massive MIMO at the 48

th

Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. Ove Edfors gave a talk in this session.

International

23 Conference LIU

IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)

1 12 2014 Athens/Gree

ce X X X X X X N/A

Emil Björnson gave a keynote speech.

International

24 Presentation ULUND, imec, KUL

Wireless communication going massive

1 12 2014 Leuven, Belgium

X X

35 Ove Edfors gives a seminar on the Massive MIMO concept and testbed

International

25 Conference LIU

2nd IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Infroamtion Processing

3-5 12 2014 Atlanta, USA X X X X X X N/A

MAMMOET partners attended to the symposia on massive MIMO on the GlobalSIP conference. Emil Björnson presented the paper "Optimizing Multi-Cell Massive MIMO for Spectral Efficiency: How Many Users Should Be Scheduled?"

International

26 Conference ULUND IEEE Global Communication Conference 2014

8-12 12 2014 Texas, USA X X X X X X ~80

Ove Edfors and Liesbet Van der Perre co-organized a workshop on Massive MIMO: From theory to practice

International

27 Workshop ULUND Mobile communications going massive

15 12 2014 Gothenburg,

Sweden X X

30

Ove Edfors, Emil Björnson and Erik G. Larsson gave talk at Annual Swedish

National



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



Workshop on Wireless Systems

28 Workshop ULund, imec/KU Leuven

Massive MIMO: From theory to practice

8 12 2014 Austin,

Texas, USA est. 30

Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2014

International

29 Conference IFAT 2015 IEEE Radio&Wireless Week (RWW)

25-28

1 2015 San Diego, California

x x x x x x N/A

RWW’s multidisciplinary events bring together innovations that are happening across the broad wireless spectrum and dedicated 5G workshop, Countries: international

International

30 Conference ULUND International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)

24 2 2015 San

Francicso/USA

X X X X X X N/A

Fredrik Tufvesson presents the lessons learned from the test bed implementation: "More Bits via the Same Spectrum - Massive MIMO Opportunities"

International

31 Presentation imec, ULUND

5G: Challenges, opportunities… and more challenges

26 2 2015 Xilinx,

California x

N/A

Presentation and meeting with Xilinx executives on 5G including Mammoet and Massive MIMO (Liesbet Van der Perre and Viktor Owall)

International

32 Presentation EAB Bringing Massive MIMO to reality

9-10 4 2015 Brooklyn,

USA x x x x

Invited talk International

33 Conference ULUND Brooklyn 5G Summit 9-10 4 2015 Brooklyn,

USA x x x x

Partners presented MAMMOET results

International

34 Workshop IFAT Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications

17-22

5 2015 Phoenix,

USA x x

N/A

In this talk, an in-depth view of THz-band communication networks is presented. First, the challenges in the design and development of THz-band devices are surveyed.

International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



The existing limitations and possible solutions in the design of high-speed THz-band transceivers, broadband antennas and dynamic antenna arrays are highlighted. Then, the fundamental research challenges and future research trends in terms of channel modeling; physical layer design, including bandwidth-adaptive modulation, real-time channel coding, and massive MIMO transmission schemes; and, link layer solutions, including error, flow and medium access control for THz-band communication, are outlined in a bottom-up approach, defining a roadmap for the development of this next frontier in wireless communication.

35 Workshop LIU Massive MIMO for 5G: Fundamentals and Recent Theory

8 6 2015 London, UK x x

~100

Overview presentation of the basic properties and latest communication theoretic developments on Massive MIMO, given by Erik G. Larsson and Emil Björnson

International

36 Workshop imec, ULUND

Massive MIMO for 5G: From theory to practice


~100

Tutorial presentation on propagation, channel measurements, testbed experiments, channel

International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



modeling, cyclic transmission, non-idealities, reciprocity and power model. Given by Frederik Tufvesson and André Bourdoux.

37 Presentation LIU

Massive MIMO at Night: On the Operation of Massive MIMO in Low Traffic Scenarios


N/A Hei Victor Cheng presented a paper at the IEEE ICC

International

38 Workshop IFAT Massive MIMO&mm-wafe frequencies for 5G wireless

9 6 2015 Vienna, Autria

x x

x

Presentation and Discussion (invited)

National

39 Workshop imec

Complexity assessment: keeping the Massive MIMO low power promise

29 6 2015 Paris, France

x x

x

x ~25 Contribution to Mammoet Massive MIMO workshop

International

40 Presentation imec

MAMMOET FP7 PROJECT: Massive MiMO for Efficient Transmission


x x

x

x ~25 Mammoet summary in RAS cluster meeting

International

41 Workshop imec, ULUND

Characterizing the channel: measurements and models


x x

x

x ~25 Contribution to Mammoet Massive MIMO workshop

International

42 Workshop LIU Massive MIMO for 5G: Fundamentals and Recent Theory


Sweden x x

~60

Overview presentation of the basic properties and latest communication theoretic developments on Massive MIMO, given by Erik G. Larsson and Emil Björnson

International

43 Presentation EAB Bringing Massive MIMO to reality


x x

x

Keynote in Massive MIMO WS of EuCNC

International

44 Presentation LIU On the Sum- 30 6 2015 Stockholm, x x

N/A Christopher Mollén International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



Capacity of the Continuous-Time Constant-Envelope MIMO Broadcast Channel

Sweden presented a paper at the IEEE SPAWC

45 Workshop imec / KU Leuven / ULund

Massive MIMO: from fascinating theory to amazing proven concept


20

Workshop ate European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) 2015

International

46 Workshop IFAT Massive MIMO & mm-Wave for 5G Wireless


x

Keynote Speaker F. Dielacher- Photonics as a Key Enabler modern broadband technology

National

47 Other imec/ KU Leuven

Massive MIMO introduction

29 7 2015 Bejing China

125

Introduce Massive MIMO technology to Professionals and Academia of China an neighbouring countries

International

48 Presentation LIU Massive MIMO: Myths and Realities

25-28

8 2015 Brussels, Belgium

x x

Erik G. Larsson gave a keynote talk at the IEEE ISWCS

International

49 Presentation LIU

Uplink Pilot and Data Power Control for Single Cell Massive MIMO Systems with MRC

25-28

8 2015 Brussels, Belgium

x x

Hei Victor Cheng presented a paper at the IEEE ISWCS

International

50 Presentation LIU

Distributed Massive MIMO in Cellular Networks: Impact of Imperfect Hardware & Number of Oscillators

4 9 2015 Nice, France x x

Antonios Pitarokoilis presented a paper at the EUSIPCO conference

International

51 Workshop IFAT

EuMIC-2015, Workshop organizer, "RF Technologies on the Move"

6-11 9 2015 Paris, France

x x

Workshop organizer International

52 Conference IFAT Massive MIMO&mm- 23- 9 2015 Bled, x x x x

International Conference International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



wafe frequencies for 5G wireless; MIDEM conference Slovenia

25 Slovenia on Microelectronics, Devices and Materials with the Workshop on Terahertz and Microwave Systems

53 Conference imec IEEE 802 Meeting 11-18

9 2015 Bangkok, Thailand

x x x

participation in IEEE 802 meeting

International

54 Workshop imec IWPC workshop 15-17

9 2015 Warsaw, Russia

x x x

presentation of MAMMOET results at IWPC workshop

International

55 Workshop TID 5G Radio Access Networks

17-18

9 2015 Phoenix,

USA x x x

Contribution containing high-level views on 5G as well as key thoughts and findings regarding massive MIMO on behalf of the MAMMOET Consortium

International

56 Workshop LIU Cell free Massive MIMO

7 10 2015 Munich,

Germany x x

est. 40

Invited one-hour talk in a workshop on Massive MIMO at TU Munich, by E.G. Larsson

National

57 Other LiU Massive MIMO tutorial

8 10 2015 Stuttgart, Germany

x x

est. 40 Tutorial on Massive MIMO by E.G. Larsson

National

58 Conference LIU Massive MIMO: Myths and Realities

15 10 2015 Nanjing, China

x x

est. 300 Keynote talk in the WCSP conference by E.G. Larsson

International

59 Conference imec ICT-2015 EC event 20-22

10 2015 Lissabon, Portugal

x x x

presentation of MAMMOET results at ICT event

International

60 Workshop ULund, imec/KU Leuven

Massive MIMO: From theory to practice

6 12 2015 San Diego,

USA est. 30

Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2015

International

61 Workshop IFAT 5G PPP and NetWorld2020


x x

x

5G for Cyber Physical Systems - Workshop Organizers: bmvit & AIT.

National

62 Conference LIU Workshop Smart Antennas

9-11 3 2016 Munich,

Germany x x x x

Presentation of "Performance of linear receivers for wideband massive MIMO with one-bit ADCs"

International



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



63 Conference LIU ICASSP 2016 20-25

3 2016 Shanghai,

China x x x x

Presentation of two papers and one tutorial

International

64 Workshop IFAT ITG Technical Committee 7.3 Microwave Technology

7 4 2016 Berlin,

Germany x x x

15 - by invitation

only

5G and the Consequences for the Microwave Front End www.vde.com/Berlin

International

65 Conference IFAT VLSI - TSA 25-27 4 2016 Hsinchu, Taiwan

x x

annual platform for technical exchanges by experts from all over the world on the advancements in semiconductor research, development, and manufacturing

International

66 Conference LIU ICC 2016 23-27

5 2016 Kuala

Lumpur, Malayasia

x x x x

Presentation of three papers

International

67 Conference imec ISCAS`2016 22-25

5 2016 Montreal, Canada

x x

SINR model - IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems

International

68 Workshop imec Benelux WIC symposium

19-20

5 2016 Louvain-la-

Neuve, Belgium

x x

OOB study National

69

Conference imec EuCNC'16

27-30

6 2016 Athens, Greece

x x x x

overview paper from the consortium

International

70 Conference

KU Leuven, IFAT, ULUND

ESSCIRC - ESSDERC 2016

12-15

9 2016 Lausanne/Switzerland

x x x x x x

MAMMOET is organizing a workshop on "Concepts and Implementation Aspects for Massive MIMO" http://esscirc-essderc2016.epfl.ch/

International

71 Conference IFAT COBCOM 14-16

9 2016 Graz,

Austria x x 50

International conference on broadband communications for next generation networks and multimedia applications

International

http://www.vde.com/Berlin

http://esscirc-essderc2016.epfl.ch/

http://esscirc-essderc2016.epfl.ch/



No Type of

activities3

Main leader


4 Size of



72 Conference Imec European Microwave Week 2016

4-6 10 2016 London, UK x x x x x x

http://www.eumweek.com/ MAMMOET partners attend and participate in this event

International

73 Conference IFAT AUSTROCHIP 19 10 2016 Villach, Austria

x x 70

Annual meeting and platform to present the latest activities in the field of microelectronics and integrated circuits in Austria and neighboring countries.

International

74 Conference LIU, ULUND, KU Leuven,

GLOBECOM 2016 4-8 12 2016 Washington D.C., USA

x x 50-100

MAMMOET researchers took part in many activities at this conference, including giving a tutorial, being panel members, and presenting technical papers.

International

Table 2: List of dissemination activities

http://www.eumweek.com/MAMMOET%20partners%20attend%20and%20participate%20in%20this%20event





2.2 Exploitable Foreground and Exploitation Plans Exploitation is recognised as the key enabler for the success of the MAMMOET project. It describes all activities with the intention to promote, exploit and commercialise the research results gained during the project’s lifetime. Scientists should always consider the applicability of research results in different areas, and their relevance for the community. Exploitation activities are essential to implement and transfer the technology developed within the project as well as to maximise the benefits for the project partners. Carefully planned dissemination and exploitation strategies are an imperative for a successful project lifecycle. Hence all MAMMOET partners were aware of and committed to the exploitation of the project results. It was the principle of all exploitation activities to use research results in order to create value within all participating organisations and thus to improve their competitive advantage. By scaling up the results into commercial offers all European constituents can be reached while ensuring profitability through economies of scale. Wherever possible, research results will be used for the creation and support of new products and services. These products and services will lead to a competitive advantage of the participating organisations and will substantially contribute to the benefit of the targeted constituents. In order for the exploitation to be effective, an integrated approach will be necessary, combining experience and expertise from the development departments and application management, and the involvement of a user base represented by the consortium partners and the user council. Project results that can be transferred into marketable products in a very short period of time offer the possibility to create huge competitive advantages thereby generating considerable profits. In this context it is also important to establish respective management structures which ensure that IPRs and project achievements are adequately protected and exploited. As described in D5.5 « Updated plan and initial report on dissemination, standardisation and exploitation», the partners have further detailed their organizations’ exploitation plans.

2.2.1 Initially Planned Exploitation Activities

The exploitation of the project results was clearly defined in the objectives of MAMMOET. As the project consortium consisted of major European players in both science and industry, the results would be exploited in both the scientific and commercial sectors. The main exploitation was through each partner’s own organisation.

2.2.2 List of Applications for Patents, Trademarks, Registered Designs, etc.

At the beginning of the project, the MAMMOET consortium established an efficient IPR framework to maximise project exploitation. The contractual basis for this IPR framework was laid down in the MAMMOET Consortium Agreement where explicit rules for use of Foreground, Sideground and Background and its distribution within the project as well as rules for handling sensitive or confidential information were established.

Background is understood to be information, knowledge and any IPR relevant to the project already held by the project partners before the accession to the EC Grant Agreement.

Foreground instead is understood to consist of tangible and intangible results in terms of information, materials and knowledge generated inside the project. The new knowledge produced during the MAMMOET project belongs to the partner who generated it; in case the generation of foreground is a joint process, it is, unless the partners do not agree on another solution, jointly owned by the participants. The owner of the foreground is able to decide to



apply for a patent on its own and the other partners must not interfere in this process. The MAMMOET partners designed the management structure, workflows and tools always with the protection of knowledge in mind. Hence any business exploitation or public disclosure of new knowledge can only be done after the owner has given his or her consent.

Within the course of the MAMMOET project, three patent applications have been filed. The table below provides an overview of these patents:

Type of IP

rights5

Confidential Click on Yes/No

Foreseen embargo date dd/mm/yyyy

Application reference(s) (e.g.

EP123456)

Subject or title of application

Applicant(s) (as on the

application)

Patent Yes 07.10.2014 PCT/SE2014/051163

Methods, network node and communication device for transmitting data

E. G. Larsson, P. Frenger and E. Eriksson

Patent Yes 23.02.2015 PCT/EP2015/053737 Technique for assigning pilot signals to user equipments

E. Björnson, E. G. Larsson

Patent Yes 26.06.2015 PCT/SE2015/050754 A wireless device, a radio network node, and methods therein

M. Hessler, E. G. Larsson, E. Björnson, H. V. Cheng

Patent Yes 02.02.2016 PCT/SE2016/050080

A wireless device, a network node and methods performed thereby for communicating with each other

E. Björnson, E. G. Larsson, M. Hessler

Patent Yes 07.03.2016 PCT/EP2016/054746 Reliable communication to energy-detection receivers

E. Björnson, M. Hessler, M. Karlsson, E.G. Larsson

Patent Yes 02.04.2016 PCT/EP2016/052377 Reporting of radio channel quality

E. Björnson, M. Hessler, E. G. Larsson, R. Moosavi

Patent Yes 03.06.2016 PCT/SE2016/050536 Data transmission on a contention based physical data channel

E. Björnson, P. Frenger, M. Hessler, E. G. Larsson

Table 3: List of applications for patents, trademarks, registered design etc.

5 The type of IP rights: Patents, Trademarks, Registered designs, Utility models, Others.



2.2.3 Exploitable Foreground

The consortium was active in several exploitation areas

Type of exploitable

foreground6

Description of exploitable foreground

Confidential Click on Yes/No

Foreseen embargo date dd/mm/yyyy

Exploitable product(s) or measure(s)

Sector(s) of application

Timetable, commercial or any other use

Patents or other IPR exploitation

(licences)

Owner & Other Beneficiary(s)

involved

System expertise In-depth expertise on Massive MIMO systems

No - Consultancy Telecom networks

2016 none All

Digital transmitter and power amplifier architectures and circuits

In-depth expertise on digital transmitter and power amplifier design

No - Building blocks for final products (components)

Telecom equipment

2019 none KUL, IFAT

Table 4: Exploitable Foreground

6 The type of foreground: general advancement of knowledge, Commercial exploitation of R&D results, Exploitation of R&D results via standards, exploitation of results through EU

policies, exploitation of results through (social) innovation.



2.2.4 IPR issues after the project conclusion / future plans

For the success of the MAMMOET project it is essential that all project partners agree on explicit rules concerning IP ownership, access rights to any Background and Foreground IP for the execution of the project and the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and confidential information before the project starts. Therefore, such issues will be addressed in detail within the Consortium Agreement between all project partners. The main purpose of the Consortium Agreement is to establish a legal framework for the project in order to minimize any internal issues within the MAMMOET consortium related to the work, IP-Ownership, Access Rights to Background and Foreground IP for the duration of the project and any other matters of the consortium’s interest.

2.2.5 Joint Exploitation Plan

In the MAMMOET project, joint exploitations among partners mainly consisted of working on the joint dissemination of technical results. Given the close collaborations that have been in the technical work packages a couple of technical publications were realized. Partners worked together on the digital transmitter and power amplifier architectures and circuits and the outcome were building blocks for final products/components for telecom equipment. Also the system expertise on Massive MIMO systems was extended within the MAMMOET project and further consultancy can be performed by the project partners. An individual exploitation report can be found in D5.4 “3rd Periodic Report”.



Chapter 3 Report on societal implications

A General Information (completed automatically when Grant Agreement

number is entered. Grant Agreement Number: 619086

Title of Project: MAMMOET: Massive MIMO for Efficient Transmission

Name and Title of Coordinator: Dr. Klaus-Michael Koch

B Ethics

1. Did your project undergo an Ethics Review (and/or Screening)?

If Yes: have you described the progress of compliance with the relevant Ethics Review/Screening Requirements in the frame of the periodic/final project reports?

Special Reminder: the progress of compliance with the Ethics Review/Screening Requirements should be described in the Period/Final Project Reports under the Section 3.2.2 'Work Progress and Achievements'

0Yes

X No

2. Please indicate whether your project involved any of the following issues (tick box) :

YES

RESEARCH ON HUMANS

Did the project involve children? No

Did the project involve patients? No

Did the project involve persons not able to give consent? No

Did the project involve adult healthy volunteers? No

Did the project involve Human genetic material? No

Did the project involve Human biological samples? No

Did the project involve Human data collection? No

RESEARCH ON HUMAN EMBRYO/FOETUS

Did the project involve Human Embryos? No

Did the project involve Human Foetal Tissue / Cells? No

Did the project involve Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs)? No

Did the project on human Embryonic Stem Cells involve cells in culture? No

Did the project on human Embryonic Stem Cells involve the derivation of cells from Embryos?

No

PRIVACY

Did the project involve processing of genetic information or personal data (eg. health, sexual lifestyle, ethnicity, political opinion, religious or philosophical conviction)?

No

Did the project involve tracking the location or observation of people? No

RESEARCH ON ANIMALS

Did the project involve research on animals? No

Were those animals transgenic small laboratory animals? No

Were those animals transgenic farm animals? No

Were those animals cloned farm animals? No



Were those animals non-human primates? No

RESEARCH INVOLVING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Did the project involve the use of local resources (genetic, animal, plant etc)?

Was the project of benefit to local community (capacity building, access to healthcare, education etc)?

DUAL USE

Research having direct military use No

Research having the potential for terrorist abuse No

C Workforce Statistics 3. Workforce statistics for the project: Please indicate in the table below the

number of people who worked on the project (on a headcount basis). Type of Position Number of Women Number of Men

Scientific Coordinator 1 0

Work package leaders 1 4

Experienced researchers (i.e. PhD holders) 4 13

PhD Students 2 4

Other 9 15

4. How many additional researchers (in companies and universities) were recruited specifically for this project?

5

Of which, indicate the number of men: 4



D Gender Aspects

5. Did you carry out specific Gender Equality Actions under the project?

X

Yes No

6. Which of the following actions did you carry out and how effective were they?

Not at all effective

Very effective

Design and implement an equal opportunity policy

Set targets to achieve a gender balance in the workforce

Organise conferences and workshops on gender

Actions to improve work-life balance

Other:

7. Was there a gender dimension associated with the research content – i.e.

wherever people were the focus of the research as, for example, consumers, users, patients or in trials, was the issue of gender considered and addressed?

Yes- please specify

X No

E Synergies with Science Education

8. Did your project involve working with students and/or school pupils (e.g. open days, participation in science festivals and events, prizes/competitions or joint projects)?

Yes- please specify

X No

9. Did the project generate any science education material (e.g. kits, websites, explanatory booklets, DVDs)?

X Yes- please specify: project website (www.mammoet-project.eu)

No

F Interdisciplinarity

10. Which disciplines (see list below) are involved in your project?

X Main discipline7: 2.2

X Associated discipline7:1.1 Associated discipline

7:

G Engaging with Civil society and policy makers

7 Insert number from list below (Frascati Manual).




11a Did your project engage with societal actors beyond the research community? (if 'No', go to Question 14)

X

Yes No

11b If yes, did you engage with citizens (citizens' panels / juries) or organised civil society (NGOs, patients' groups etc.)?

No

Yes- in determining what research should be performed

Yes - in implementing the research

X Yes, in communicating /disseminating / using the results of the project

11c In doing so, did your project involve actors whose role is mainly to organise the dialogue with citizens and organised civil society (e.g. professional mediator; communication company, science museums)?

Yes No

12. Did you engage with government / public bodies or policy makers (including international organisations)

No

Yes- in framing the research agenda

Yes - in implementing the research agenda

X Yes, in communicating /disseminating / using the results of the project

13a Will the project generate outputs (expertise or scientific advice) which could be used by policy makers?

Yes – as a primary objective (please indicate areas below- multiple answers possible)

X Yes – as a secondary objective (please indicate areas below - multiple answer possible)

No

13b If Yes, in which fields?

Agriculture Audiovisual and Media Budget Competition Consumers Culture Customs Development Economic and Monetary Affairs Education, Training, Youth Employment and Social Affairs

Energy Enlargement Enterprise Environment External Relations External Trade Fisheries and Maritime Affairs Food Safety Foreign and Security Policy Fraud Humanitarian aid

Human rights Information Society Institutional affairs Internal Market Justice, freedom and security Public Health Regional Policy Research and Innovation Space Taxation Transport

http://europa.eu/pol/agr/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/av/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/financ/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/comp/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/cons/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/cult/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/cust/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/dev/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/emu/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/emu/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/educ/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/socio/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/ener/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/enter/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/env/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/ext/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/comm/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/fish/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/fish/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/food/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/cfsp/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/cfsp/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/fraud/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/hum/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/rights/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/infso/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/inst/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/singl/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/justice/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/health/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/reg/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/rd/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/tax/index_en.htm

http://europa.eu/pol/trans/index_en.htm



13c If Yes, at which level?

Local / regional levels

National level

European level

X International level

H Use and dissemination

14. How many Articles were published/accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals?

38

To how many of these is open access8 provided? 21

How many of these are published in open access journals? 15

How many of these are published in open repositories? 6

To how many of these is open access not provided? 17

Please check all applicable reasons for not providing open access:

publisher's licensing agreement would not permit publishing in a repository no suitable repository available no suitable open access journal available no funds available to publish in an open access journal lack of time and resources lack of information on open access other

9: ……………

15. How many new patent applications (‘priority filings’) have been made? ("Technologically unique": multiple applications

for the same invention in different jurisdictions should be counted as just one application of grant).

7

16. Indicate how many of the following Intellectual Property Rights were applied for (give number in each box).

Trademark 0

Registered design 0

Other 0

17. How many spin-off companies were created / are planned as a direct result of the project?

0

Indicate the approximate number of additional jobs in these companies:

18. Please indicate whether your project has a potential impact on employment, in comparison with the situation before your project:

Increase in employment, or In small & medium-sized enterprises

8 Open Access is defined as free of charge access for anyone via Internet. 9 For instance: classification for security project.



Safeguard employment, or In large companies

Decrease in employment, None of the above / not relevant to the project

X Difficult to estimate / not possible to quantify

19. For your project partnership please estimate the employment effect resulting directly from your participation in Full Time Equivalent (FTE = one person working

fulltime for a year) jobs: Difficult to estimate / not possible to quantify

Indicate figure:

I Media and Communication to the general public

20. As part of the project, were any of the beneficiaries professionals in communication or media relations?

Yes X No

21. As part of the project, have any beneficiaries received professional media / communication training / advice to improve communication with the general public?

Yes X No

22 Which of the following have been used to communicate information about your project to the general public, or have resulted from your project?

X Press Release X Coverage in specialist press

Media briefing Coverage in general (non-specialist) press

TV coverage / report X Coverage in national press

Radio coverage / report X Coverage in international press

X Brochures /posters / flyers X Website for the general public / internet

DVD /Film /Multimedia X Event targeting general public (festival, conference, exhibition, science café)

23 In which languages are the information products for the general public produced?

Language of the coordinator X English

Other language(s)

Question F-10: Classification of Scientific Disciplines according to the Frascati Manual 2002

(Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, OECD 2002):



FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. NATURAL SCIENCES

1.1 Mathematics and computer sciences [mathematics and other allied fields: computer sciences and other allied subjects (software development only; hardware development should be classified in the engineering fields)]

1.2 Physical sciences (astronomy and space sciences, physics and other allied subjects)

1.3 Chemical sciences (chemistry, other allied subjects)

1.4 Earth and related environmental sciences (geology, geophysics, mineralogy, physical geography and other geosciences, meteorology and other atmospheric sciences including climatic research, oceanography, vulcanology, palaeoecology, other allied sciences)

1.5 Biological sciences (biology, botany, bacteriology, microbiology, zoology, entomology, genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, other allied sciences, excluding clinical and veterinary sciences)

2 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

2.1 Civil engineering (architecture engineering, building science and engineering, construction engineering, municipal and structural engineering and other allied subjects)

2.2 Electrical engineering, electronics [electrical engineering, electronics, communication engineering and systems, computer engineering (hardware only) and other allied subjects]

2.3. Other engineering sciences (such as chemical, aeronautical and space, mechanical, metallurgical and materials engineering, and their specialised subdivisions; forest products; applied sciences such as geodesy, industrial chemistry, etc.; the science and technology of food production; specialised technologies of interdisciplinary fields, e.g. systems analysis, metallurgy, mining, textile technology and other applied subjects)

3. MEDICAL SCIENCES

3.1 Basic medicine (anatomy, cytology, physiology, genetics, pharmacy, pharmacology, toxicology, immunology and immunohaematology, clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, pathology)

3.2 Clinical medicine (anaesthesiology, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, internal medicine, surgery, dentistry, neurology, psychiatry, radiology, therapeutics, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology)

3.3 Health sciences (public health services, social medicine, hygiene, nursing, epidemiology)

4. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

4.1 Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and allied sciences (agronomy, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry, horticulture, other allied subjects)

4.2 Veterinary medicine

5. SOCIAL SCIENCES

5.1 Psychology

5.2 Economics

5.3 Educational sciences (education and training and other allied subjects)

5.4 Other social sciences [anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), town and country planning, management, law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, organisation and methods, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary , methodological and historical S1T activities relating to subjects in this group. Physical anthropology, physical geography and psychophysiology should normally be classified with the natural sciences].

6. HUMANITIES

6.1 History (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.)

6.2 Languages and literature (ancient and modern)

6.3 Other humanities [philosophy (including the history of science and technology) arts, history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind, religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, methodological, historical and other S1T activities relating to the subjects in this group]

final report for the mammoet project - europa

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