final report - europa · 2016-05-30 · highwet project grant agreement nº 605445 - fp7-sme-2013-1...

Research for SME

Grant agreement nº: 605445

Call identifier: FP7-SME‐2013‐1

Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

HIGHWET

Final Report

Publishable Summary

“This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 605445”.

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Table of Contents

1. AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 3

2. A SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES ....................................... 3

3. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN S&T RESULTS/FOREGROUNDS ................................................. 4

4. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT AND THE MAIN DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES AND EXPLOITATION OF RESULTS ................................................................................................................................... 22

5. USE AND DISSEMINATION OF FOREGROUND ........................................................................ 30

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GRANT AGREEMENT Nº 605445 - FP7-SME-2013-1

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Publishable summary of the final period

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1. AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Even though the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, concerning urban WW treatment, forces to treat sewage, there are a lot of small and medium size towns without this service. In addition, many of them cannot deal with energy and maintenance costs of conventional treatment plants making them unsustainable and uneconomic. This is the strong point of extensive technologies like constructed wetlands (CWs). In an economic crisis context, small populations, farms and small F&B industries, must study long-term costs, so it could be an opportunity for low cost technologies like CWs

The HIGHWET project (Grant Agreement Nº: 605445) aimed to perform and validate new approaches of Horizontal and Vertical Constructed Wetlands (HCW and VCW) including innovative materials as gravel bed and aeration devices for increasing biological development by implementing hybrid configurations (anaerobic - CW systems) for decreasing required surface of conventional horizontal CWs.

Three European lead-user SMEs collaborated with two RTD performers to obtain new wastewater (WW) plant configurations based on anaerobic digestion and CW in order to exploit new markets: small towns, industrial Food and Beverage (F&B) and agriculture (livestock farms) sectors. Currently, the towns and companies of these sectors have inefficient and expensive WW treatment systems. In this way, HIGHWET project had a food sector large enterprise as end-user to validate the performance of this new technology and regional water agencies and local government as stakeholders interested in definition of HIGHWET systems and final results.

2. A SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES

The HIGHWET project aims to perform and validate new approaches of vertical and horizontal constructed wetlands (CWs) including innovative materials as gravel bed and aeration devices for increasing biological development by implementing hybrid configurations (anaerobic - CW systems) for decreasing required surface of conventional horizontal CWs. The outcomes of the project have been the performance of holistic HIGHWET systems capable of operating at high loading rates treating municipal and industrial wastewater (WW). Furthermore, new operation strategies were carried out in order to avoid the gravel bed clogging and extend the lifetime of the systems.

Two configurations have been validated in HIGHWET project. The first configuration consisted of a hybrid hydrolytic anaerobic digester (HUSB) and horizontal CW (HCW) system for raw municipal WW treatment, while second configuration consisted of a combination of HUSB reactor, vertical CW (VCW) and aerated HCW for treatment of high load organic industrial WW. These HIGHWET systems contained an effluent recirculation, air distribution systems and specific natural material in order to configure high rate technologies capable of being clear competitive treatment alternatives to high rate aerobic technologies (Membrane Bioreactor or Extended Aeration reactor) with operation and maintenance (O&M) complex and expensive.

The project objectives as included in GA-Annex I are as follows:

O1. Design, implementation and validation AD-HCW for urban WW. (Related with WP1, 2, 3, 4 and D1.1, and WP2 and 3 deliverables). Achieved in Month 14.

O2. Design, implementation and validation AD-VCW-HCW for industrial WW. (Related with WP1, 2, 3, 4 and D1.1, and WP2 and 3 deliverables). Achieved in Month 14.

O3. Development of an innovative air distribution system. (Related with WP2, 4 and D2.3). Achieved in Month 11.

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O4. Implementation of natural waste material/aggregate as gravel bed. (Related with WP2, 5 and D2.3). Achieved in Month 11.

O5. Operation strategy of the HIGHWET systems. (Related with WP4 and WP4 Deliverables). Achieved in Month 24.

Societal-economic targets (Related with WP1, 5 and D1.2, D5.2 and D5.3). Achieved in Month 24.

Environmental impacts (Related with WP4 and D1.2 and D4.3). Achieved in Month 24.

Some delays of first objectives were due to some inconveniences regarding pilot plants implementation during WP2 but this delay was recovered during the 2nd period of the project achieving a 100% accomplishment of all proposed objectives at the end of the project (Month 24).

In GA-Annex I, the objectives are directly related with most of project deliverables, which allows assessing and measuring the accomplishment of objectives and evaluate the project status during its performance.

3. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN S&T RESULTS/FOREGROUNDS

The work plan followed in HIGHWET project is structured into six work packages (WP) divided into different tasks (Figure 1), each one having a distinctive role towards the accomplishment of the project objectives.

Figure 1 Strategy and WP of the HIGHWET project

During the first period of the project, the main research activities have been focused on defining, designing and implementing the two HIGHWET pilot plants to be validated in the project for treating municipal and industrial wastewater. In this sense, the field scale plant configurations of anaerobic digestion and horizontal and vertical flow constructed wetlands systems have been specified, designed, constructed, implemented and validated. The two types of configurations validated during the project were the following:

1. 1st Configuration pilot plant: Anaerobic hydrolytic (HUSB) reactor + HCW systems

2. 2nd Configuration pilot plant: HUSB reactor + two stage CW systems (VCW+HCW)

The global contribution of HIGHWET project to improve the knowledge or technological process of CWs as WW treatment alternative was to develop holistic configurations combining hydrolytic anaerobic digester (HUSB) and vertical and horizontal CWs capable of operating at high loading rate of about 20-50 g BOD/m2d (for the overall system and according the configuration), thus reducing the land requirements by a factor of 2 to 4 regarding conventional CWs. The overall configurations and their components maintain the simplicity of construction and operation of classical anaerobic digesters, HCW and VCW units, but increasing the overall performance of the system through limited artificial aeration and optionally through effluent

WP1. SPECIFICATIONS AND POTENTIAL MARKET

WP5. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER, DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION

WP

6. P

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WP2. DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION

WP3. START-UP

AND STEADY-STATE

OPERATION

WP4. VALIDATION

RTD ACTIVITIES DEMO ACTIVITIES

WP1. SPECIFICATIONS AND POTENTIAL MARKET

WP5. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER, DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION

WP

6. P

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WP2. DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION

WP3. START-UP

AND STEADY-STATE

OPERATION

WP4. VALIDATION

RTD ACTIVITIES DEMO ACTIVITIES

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recycling. The behaviour of the configurations in relation to solids accumulation and energy consumption was also investigated in order to determine its lifetime and general sustainability. In WP2, design, construction or adaptation of hydrolytic anaerobic technologies and aerated vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetland systems were carried out. The start-up and steady-state operation of systems and the validation of HIGHWET configurations were developed in WP3 and WP4 respectively.

HIGHWET SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

The first HIGHWET configuration consisted of a hybrid hydrolytic anaerobic reactor (HUSB) and HCW and it was focused on the treatment of municipal wastewater. This configuration was implemented and validated by HUMIGAL and AIMEN and it consisted of the following parts:

Coarse solid chamber.

Reservoir tanks for raw wastewater (influent) and potential additions.

A hydrolytic anaerobic reactor (HUSB).

4 horizontal CW working in parallel.

Effluent collection tanks and recirculation system.

The organic load of the influent (raw municipal wastewater) was at least 300 mgBOD5/l, in order to achieve the high organic load in the systems. In case that the targeted concentration was not achieved, some addition of substances with organic load, such as starch, molasses, vinegar and/or urea was added to the influent flow to reach the desired concentration.

The pilot plant, located at UDC premises (University of A Coruña), consisted of a hydrolytic anaerobic system followed by a one-stage HCW system.

Anaerobic system

The anaerobic digester volume of 1st Configuration pilot plant was 0.69 m3. This reactor consisted of an up-flow round cylinder of concrete of 0.70 m in diameter and an usable height of 1.8 m (total height of 1.95 to 2.0 m). The operation range of HRT and OLR for this hydrolytic reactor was 3-7 h and 3-5 gBOD5/Ld, respectively.

Horizontal flow CW systems

The HIGHWET CW systems of 1st Configuration pilot plant contained an influent and effluent distribution system, effluent recirculation system, and a specific adsorbent material in order to configure high rate CW technologies. In the 1st Configuration pilot plant, the CW systems consisted of four parallel horizontal flow beds receiving anaerobic pre-treated wastewater. Three beds had an aeration system while the remaining bed, without aeration system, acted as a control. The aeration system consisted of a grid of aeration tubes (driplines), which were placed at the bottom of the wetland bed. Air was pumped into this aeration grid by means of an air blower. The HF beds had different depths in order to evaluate and optimise the gravel bed depth and the four beds contained an effluent recirculation system. The influent was uniformly distributed at the inlet zone of each unit by passing through a buried distribution pipe, placed horizontally and perpendicular to the direction of the flow. The medium surrounding this pipe was 50 mm coarse gravel. Wastewater was discharged directly in the gravel medium through orifices of 3 cm in the pipe, spaced 10 cm apart. At the end of the units, a similar buried collector pipe was placed and covered with 50 mm stone. Horizontal units were filled with a medium of Ø 6-15 mm washed gravel up to a depth between 0.80 and 0.55 m. The water level was set at depths in the range of 0.75 and 0.50 m at the outlet zone.

Constructed wetlands at 1st Configuration pilot plant were named as Wetland 1 (HF1), Wetland 2 (HF2), Wetland 3 (HF3) and Wetland 4 (HF4).

Wetland HF1 and HF2:

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The HF1 and HF2 wetlands were similar to each other and differed only in type of gravel. HF2 contained a nutrient adsorbent material as filter bed.

Wetland HF3 and HF4:

The HF3 and HF4 beds were similar to each other, differing only in that the HF3 was aerated and HF4 was not. Therefore, HF4 bed acted as conventional control wetland.

Figure 2 shows the updated configuration of 1st Configuration pilot plant.

Figure 2: HIGHWET configuration Nº 1 implemented at UDC premises. H: height

The second HIGHWET configuration was designed for high organic industrial or agricultural wastewater treatment. The technology was constructed and validated by KILIAN and AU. This plant consisted of the following:

Coarse solid chamber.

A HUSB reactor.

Two vertical CW, one aerated and one non-aerated with recirculation and working in parallel.

Two aerated horizontal CW with recirculation and working in parallel.

Figure 3 shows the configuration for the 2nd HIGHWET configuration pilot plant.

Figure 3: HIGHWET configuration Nº2 for KTFOOD pilot plant. AE: aerated.

The organic load of the influent (raw industrial wastewater) was at least 5000 mgBOD/l in order to achieve the high organic load in the systems. In case that this concentration was not achieved, some additions like starch solution and/or oil and grease were added to the influent flow.

HUSB

FH1: Aerated- Htotal: 0.9 m (Hgravel: 0.8-0.9 m)

FH2: Aerated– Htotal: 0.9 m

gravel: 0.8-0.9 m). Adsorbentmaterial

FH3: Aerated - Htotal: 0.6 m (Hgravel: 0.55-0.6 m)

FH4: Not Aerated– Htotal: 0.6 m (Hgravel: 0.55-0.6m)

CONTROL

Raw influent

Effluents

CONFIG. 1: HUSB + HF

Coarse

solid

chamber

Reservoir

tank

Substrate

HUSB

FH1: Aerated- Htotal

(Hgravel

FH1: Aerated- Htotal

(Hgravel

FH2: Aerated– Htotal

(Hmaterial

FH3: Aerated - Htotal

(Hgravel

FH3: Aerated - Htotal

(Hgravel

FH4: Not Aerated– Htotal

m (Hgravel

CONTROL

FH4: Not Aerated– Htotal

m (Hgravel

CONTROLEffluents

Reservoir

tank

tank

HUSB

AE – HCW- 1 m Raw

influentEffluent

AE-VCW

1 m

CONFIG. 2: HUSB + VCW + HCW

AE – HCW- 1 m VCW

1 m

HUSB

AE – HCW- 1 m Raw

influentEffluent

AE-VCW

1 m

CONFIG. 2: HUSB + VCW + HCW

AE – HCW- 1 m VCW

1 m

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The validation of the plant was carried out at a maximum organic and hydraulic loading rate of 100 gBOD5/m2d and 500-600 mm/d, respectively. On the other hand, the target effluent characteristics to be achieved in the systems were: 10 mgBOD5/L; 10 mgTSS/L; 20 mg N total/L and 10 mg P total/L. KILIAN and AU were responsible of the main operation and research in this pilot plant and RIETLAND contributed in the implementation (installation, adjustment, checking test), starting operation and validation of the aeration systems in the vertical and horizontal CWs.

Anaerobic system

The hydrolytic anaerobic reactor of 2nd Configuration pilot plant consisted of an up-flow round cylinder of concrete or metal. The operation range of HRT and OLR for this hydrolytic reactor was 3-7 h and 3-5 gBOD5/Ld, respectively.

Pumping well

There was one well for each VCW; before these two wells there was a division well to split the wastewater equally to each pumping well. In this division-well it was possible to choose water to one ‘line’ to allow carrying out tests during small periods of ‘overload’ filling wastewater in just one of the ‘lines’ (according to tasks of WP4). The pumping-unit needed a volume which was enough for distributing 0.05 m/d on the vertical flow systems at a rate of about 4-8 pulses per day.

Aerated and non-aerated Vertical flow and aerated Horizontal flow CWs with recirculation

The first stage of the hybrid CW system consisted of two vertical flow subsurface wetlands working in parallel. Each wetland was fed with pre-treated wastewater through one distribution system with inlet pipes. Treated water was discharged through drainage pipes on the bottom of each bed to a common unit. Each drainage pipe was connected to an aeration pipe.

In the non-aerated VCW, influent was uniformly distributed by distribution pipes which were established just under the surface in a layer of gravel (8-16 mm diameter). The wastewater sank vertically down a layer of sand and plants. After this layer, the water was treated and gets collected in a new layer of stones with drainage pipes on top of the membrane at the bottom. The VCW unit was filled with a medium of 0.125-2 mm washed sand. The treated water got collected in a unit from where, half of the water flow ran back to the pumping unit and went through the system once again; the other half was discharged to the existing outlet pipes. The depth of this VCW was 1 m.

In the aerated VCW, influent was uniformly distributed by distribution pipes which were established just under the surface of the substrate layer. The entire bed depth of the aerated VCW consisted of gravel 8-16 mm diameter and was saturated with water up to 10 cm below the surface of the substrate. At the bottom of the wetland, a grid of aeration tubes was placed in which air was pumped with an air blower. The wastewater sank vertically down the layer of gravel and plants. At the bottom of the substrate layer, the water was treated and got collected by drainage pipes laid on top of the membrane at the bottom. The treated water got collected in a unit from where, half of the water flow ran back to the pumping unit and goes through the system once again; the other half was discharged to the existing outlet pipes. The depth of this VCW was 1 m.

The second stage of the hybrid CW system consisted of two aerated subsurface HF wetlands working in parallel. Both units had a depth of 1 m. The wastewater was distributed evenly across the beds through perforated pipes perpendicular to the water flow 10 cm below the surface. Drainage pipes were installed on top of the membrane at the bottom perpendicular to the flow at the opposite side. These systems had also an aeration grid at the bottom of the substrate layer, fed with air from a blower.

The subsurface HF wetlands were expected to provide final wastewater polishing and to enhance the removal of pathogens.

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Macrophytes/Vegetation and materials for wetland beds:

Systems were planted with 90% common reed in combination with other species or 100% common reed. Some of the macrophytes identified for these pilot units were Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Canna flaccida, etc. and 10% iris (Iris pseudacorus). Emphasis was given to locally and easily available species.

On the other hand, the following materials have been suggested as novel gravel bed to improve the nutrient removal in the wetlands: Iron (or even spent foundry sand); Apatite; Calcite; polonite or crushed rocks.

DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION OF HIGHWET PILOT PLANTS

HIGHWET pilot plant Nº1

The CW systems of this pilot plant consisted of 4 parallel horizontal flow beds receiving anaerobically pre-treated wastewater. The first step for the construction was the draining of the existing beds. Figure 4 shows this process. A small power shovel was used for removing the gravel of each bed in order to carry out the new configuration. Most of the gravel was re-used in the filling of the beds once the new configuration of the plant was finished.

Figure 4: Draining of the existing beds

The second step was the division of the existing beds through the construction of new walls in order to configure the final 4 beds. The new four beds consist of rectangular units of 4 x 1.4 m (each bed has a total area 5.6 m2) with a height of 0.60 and 1.00 m. The walls were built with concrete blocks reinforced with iron rods. The size of concrete blocks was of 20 cm. The base of each bed was built with a slope of 1%. Therefore, each bed is separated from the next one with a concrete partition wall of 0.2 m thick. HF1 and HF2 have a height of 1 m while HF3 and HF4 have a height of 0.6 m. All wetlands were waterproofed with epoxy painting, in order to secure their isolation. Figure 5 shows the construction of the four beds.

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Figure 5: Construction of HUMIGAL pilot plant horizontal beds

Once the beds were built, the installation of the influent distribution system, effluent collector system and effluent recirculation system were carried out. Each system is detailed as follows:

Influent distribution system (Figure 6): It consisted of a pipe of 20 cm diameter (one for each bed). This pipe (1.3 m) was placed at the beginning of each bed perpendicularly to the flow. The pipe was buried in coarse gravel (50 – 60 mm) along the first 50 cm of the bed. The influent distribution systems connect each bed with their corresponding pump for feeding wastewater from HUSB reactor.

Effluent collector system (Figure 6): Each effluent collector system consisted of a pipe (1.3 m) of 20 cm diameter placed at the back of the bed perpendicular to the flow and buried along 0.5 m of coarse gravel (50-60 mm). The effluent was collected in a plastic collector tank of 40 x 40 x 80 cm. The water level of each bed was controlled by a pipe elbow inclined to the desired level (0.80 m). After the effluent collector tank, each effluent was driven by an existing pipeline to a fiberglass tank of 600 L volume.

Effluent recirculation system (Figure 6): Effluent recirculation systems consisted of pumps and driplines which were used to recirculate the effluent to the inlet of each bed. There was a recirculation pump inside each fiberglass tank. A 32 mm diameter pipe was used for the recirculation.

Figure 6: Influent system distribution (a); Effluent collector system: plastic collector tanks (b)

and fiberglass tank (c); recirculation pipes (d)

Once the construction of the beds and the influent and effluent distribution systems were finished, beds were filled with gravel and HF2 was implemented with adsorbent material:

First layer of rounded gravel of 8 - 12 mm in diameter. This layer had a height of 10 cm and was placed on the three aerated wetlands in order to avoid cuts of aeration driplines from normal gravel.

HF1

HF2

HF4

HF3

b

c d

a

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Second layer of fine gravel (12-16 mm) was implemented along 3 m on HF1, HF3 and HF4 until the top of the bed. HF2 was provided with this fine gravel until 2.5 m, following by 0.5 m of the adsorbent material. This second layer had a height of 35-40 cm on HF3 and HF4, and 80 cm on HF1 and HF2. Figure 7 shows the second layer of fine gravel on the wetlands.

Figure 7: Second layer of fine gravel in HF units.

Adsorbent layer: The adsorbent material was implemented along 0.5 m of the HF2, before the last 0.5 m of coarse gravel for effluent collection. Adsorbent material was separated from the rest of HF2 gravel through perforated plywood (Figure 8). Holes were made on the plywood with a 12 mm drill. The layer of adsorbent material was 50 cm long and 80 cm high (Figure 8).

Coarse gravel (Figure 8): coarse gravel (46 – 60 mm diameter) was placed on all four beds. This coarse gravel was placed during the first and the last 0.50 m of each bed.

Figure 8: Perforated plywood of HF2 unit (a) and implementation of adsorbent material in HF2 and fine and coarse gravel in all HF units (b).

b

a

Coarse gravel

Fine gravel

Plywood

Adsorbent material

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HIGHWET pilot plant Nº2 The system constructed to treat the wastewaters generated at KT FOOD and the house under the umbrella of the HIGHWET project consisted of two treatment trains. Both treatment trains had similar structures as follows: 16 m2 vertical flow bed, followed by 3 m2 horizontal flow beds and a 1.5 m3 well to test phosphorus removal capacity of different materials (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Construction plan of the wastewater treatment system built at KTFOOD

Figure 10: Topographical assessment and in the field and delineation of structures and excavations at the

building site.

Since wastewater is to be treated and discharged to the environment, before building the local environmental authorities required some bureaucratic steps that had to be satisfied. They include submitting building plans, explanatory meetings and the granting of permissions before any building took place. Once all the steps were made and the permission was granted the system was built. The building

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process started with a new topographic assessment, taking into account all the wastewater source, and the final delimitation and placement of the treatment structures in the field (Figure 10). Once in the field, the delimitation and placement of the treatment trains involved solving some issues dealing with the crossing of pipes (recirculation) and recalculating the static hydraulic heads.

Primary treatment construction (HUSB reactor)

Figure 11: Installation and final set up of the primary treatment: HUSB and drainage tank before installation(a); installation of the HUSB and the drainage tanks (b); connection of the drainage and sampling

system(c); drainage valves (d); detail of the HUSB drainage system (e); general view of the HUSB once installed (f).

Effluent water flows from the food production plant and joins the wastewater generated in the house inhabited by the owners of the company and is collected in a pumping well that feeds the primary

a b

)

a)

c

e

d

f

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treatment. The primary treatment selected for the treatment plant was a hydrolytic up-flow anaerobic digester (HUSB) built in-situ using a round 0.80 m PE and a capacity of well and the necessary structures to permit the digestion and removal of solids before water is treated by the constructed wetlands. The calculated hydraulic residence time (HRT) for the organic loading rate (OLR) expected for the system was in the range of 3-7 h. Additionally the HUSB had a parallel well were sludge produced by the anaerobic digestion can be drained. Additionally, samples could be taken as water ascends though the reactor. The emptying and sampling valves were connected to the HUSB using 50 mm PVC pipes at height intervals of around 75 cm. Figure 11 shows the installation and final set up of the primary treatment.

Vertical flow beds construction

Once the delimitation of the treatment system was made the excavation was started and it was decided to start building with the eastern vertical flow bed. The first bed was excavated and the “walls” are made from in-situ material. Since the bed effective depth was 1 m, it was necessary to have an excavation of at least 1.2 m to allow the placement of the drainage and the aeration manifold at the bottom. For economical reason the excavation depth was of around 0.70 m and the excess soil was used to build the missing 0.40 m and the bed shoulders (Figure 12). Once the bed was excavation and the bottom bed was levelled, three protective layers were placed. The bottom layer was a geotextile to protect the intrusion of rocks, followed by high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner to make the system impermeable and a top layer of geotextile to protect the HDPE film. After the three layers were placed, a first 0.20 m layer of coarse gravel was deposited to embed the 110 mm drainage system. Simultaneously, the aeration system was built and placed on the bottom of the bed (details later in the document). The drainage system was connected and piped through the wall and the protective layers to allow the drainage of the treated waters. The bed was filled with gravel with a ø of 8 -16 mm gravel and 1 m depth. The distribution manifold was placed on top of the bed embedded in a layer of gravel to insulate the system in the winter.

Figure 12: Building process of the first vertical flow bed (aerated bed): excavation of the bed (a); detailed

picture of the bottom layer and the drainage system (b); general view of the bed, detailed of the protective layers (c); aeration system (d) and bed filled with gravel (e).

a b c

d e

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According to the design plan, the second bed was passively aerated and treated around 20% of the influent

water. The second vertical flow bed operated unsaturated and was filled with sand with the same

dimensions in surface and depth as the first bed and was constructed using the same building technics. The

second bed was placed parallel to the first bed as in the first bed three layers were used to protect and to

impermeabilize the bed. The bottom layer, a 0.20 m gravel layer, houses a Ø 110 mm perforated drainage

manifold that collected treated water and evacuated it from the bed. Additionally, passive aeration of the

bed was facilitated by Ø 110 mm pipes that connected the water collection system to the atmosphere

permitting the effective flow of air to the bottom of the bed unsaturated the bed in between water

loadings and guaranteeing the saturation of the bed after each pulse. After the gravel layer a geotextile was

placed to separate the 1 m sand layer, Ø 0 – 2 mm that filled the bed. The water distribution manifold

made of 50 mm PE perforated pipes was placed on top once the bed was filled with the proper sand. The

manifold was covered with gravel to guarantee thermal insulation in the winter. Both beds were planted

with Phragmitesaustralis andIris spp. at a density of 4 plants /m2 (Figure 13).

Figure 13: Details of the construction procedure of the second vertical flow bed: excavation and levelling of the bed (a); placing of the bottom gravel layer, notice the geotextile and HDPE impermeabilization layer (b); 1 m deep sand layer and the geotextile (c); water distribution manifold and passive aeration system (d).

Horizontal flow beds construction

Following the vertical flow beds, both treatment lines were fitted with aerated horizontal flow beds. Both

horizontal flow beds had the same surface 3 m2 and the same 1 m depth excavated in a similar way as the

vertical flow beds and using similar geotextile and HDPE to protective and impermeable layers. On the

bottom of the bed a gravel layer supported the aeration manifold as well as the aeration pipes. On top of

the aeration pipes the beds were filled with Ø 8 – 16 mm gravel with a depth of 1 m. Since treated water

was loaded in one end of the systems, an Ø 110 mm pipes was placed at the northern end of the bed which

a b

c d

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distributed the water to the surface of the bed. Water flowed through the bed and was collected at the

bottom and at the other end of the beds by perforated Ø 110 mm pipes. Treated water was evacuated to a

well were flow and direction (recirculation) can be regulated. Following the control wells, water can be

directed for recirculation and/or to the P removal wells. Figure 14 presents images of the construction.

Figure 14: Images of the construction process for the horizontal flow beds: Excavation of the western treatment train bed (in the back ground the HFB of the eastern train) (a); installation of the drainage pipe

(b); bed lined and ready for the installation of the drainage and aeration system (c) and bed fitted with aeration system, drainage and distribution system and ready to be filled with gravel (d).

START-UP AND STEADY STATE OPERATION


In the start-up operation of HUMIGAL/UDC pilot plant, different drawbacks were found. A brief explanation for each of them is:

Aeration system: when the beds were filled with water for growing plants and the aeration system was connect, different leaks were found. In the three aerated wetlands (HF1, HF2 and HF3) spots with high amounts of air bubbles were seen. Aeration system is very delicate when the gravel is put on top. Due to this, the leaks had to be repaired. Once the leak points had been seen, for repairing the leaks, 4 walls of plywood without a bottom on top of the gravel were created and then dug out the gravel from the inside thus slowly lowering the crate until the connectors were reached. In this moment, leaks were repaired. After this, the aerated system was covered with gravel and water and possible leaks were found before all the gravel was on the wetland. When all systems were ready, the three beds were filled with gravel again.

a b

c d

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Vegetation plantation: once the aeration system was repaired, a new plantation was necessary because previous phragmites were dried due to low feeding to the system.

Synthetic water: After few days that the synthetic water was prepared, it was observed that due to the absence of a stirring pump and the fact that the synthetic water was to concentrated, the suspension components of the synthetic water were agglomerated and a solid paste appeared in the bottom of the tank. In order to solve this problem, more water was added to the tank and manual stirring was applied. However, the synthetic water concentration was decreased.

Water level control system: the raw wastewater feeding did not occur continuously while the synthetic water supply to the storage tank was continuous. This can cause the water level drop and a paste can be formed. In order to avoid this, a water level control system was installed on the storage tank. This system allowed that when the water level drops, automatically fresh water was provided.

Overcome these drawbacks, the start-up operation was carried out. On the one hand, all pumps were turned on (blowers, feeding pumps: supply and recirculation pumps) and on the other hand, the storage tank was filled with raw wastewater and synthetic water. Figure 15 shows the ready HUMIGAL/UDC pilot plant at that stage.

Figure 15: HUMIGAL/UDC pilot plant at start-up stage.

All the pumps were programmed in a way that the operation of the HUMIGAL/UDC pilot plant was continuous (24 hours per day and 7 days per week). The programming was made taking into count the measured flow at HUMIGAL/UDC pilot plant.

After this point, the sampling campaigns started at 7 samples points: synthetic water tank, storage tank, outlet of HUSB reactor, the four outlet of horizontal wetlands. The parameters measured included: electric conductivity (Ec), pH, COD, BOD5, anions and cations by ion chromatography and suspend solids. These parameters were measured in the AIMEN laboratory following standard methods (APHA 2005, UNE, ISO) and internal proceedings.

During steady state operation, the influent organic loading was increased using synthetic water. Different substances were evaluated including urea, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and starch. After different discussions regarding the dose of synthetic water to the inlet of the HUMIGAL pilot plant, the following assumptions has been carried out for the organic, nitrogen and phosphorous concentration to be fed from the synthetic water. In addition, all the concentrations are adjusted taking into account the real

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flow rates of the HUMIGAL pilot plant as well as the water content of the chemical product and purity of each reagent:

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

300 mg/L of BOD. To achieve this aim, 7.7 kg of starch and 12.19 kg of sodium acetate was added per week taking into account the influent flow of 3200 L/d to the HUSB reactor.

Nitrogen (N)

50 mg/L of N. Considering an influent flow of 3200 L/d to the HUSB reactor, 2.4 kg of urea per week was necessary.

Phosphorus (P)

20 mg/L of P. To reach this concentration in the influent flow of 3200 L/d to the HUSB reactor, 5.49 kg of tri-sodium phosphate will be necessary.

Table 1 shows a summary of the corresponding amounts of each reagent to elaborate the synthetic wastewater added to the storage tank.

Table 1: Second composition and amounts of synthetic wastewater.

Synthetic water

Chemical compound Kg/week

Urea 2.4

CH3COONa·3H2O 12.19

Na3PO4·12H2O 5.49

Starch 7.7

This new synthetic wastewater was prepared once a week and was pumped into the storage tank. The necessary volume to achieve this task was 420 L. According to these calculations, 60 L of this mixture was pumped daily into storage tank.

During the steady state operation, HUMIGAL pilot plant was operated in accordance with the next conditions:

All horizontal units were operated with 300% recirculation. The recirculation flow at each aerated unit (HF1, HF2 and HF3) was approximately 3200 liters per day. However, this flow was about 780 liters per day in the control unit (HF4).

The feeding flow in HUSB reactor was about 3400 liters per day. The flow at each aerated unit was approximately 1000 liters per day. In the non aerated unit (control/conventional unit –FH4) this flow was five times lower (about 200 liters per day) than in the other high-rate units.

The daily organic load was 389.5 gBOD per day in HUSB. In HF1, HF2 and HF3 was about 111.2 gBOD per day while in HF4 was about 23.4 gBOD per day. Recirculation flows were not taking into account for the organic loads´calculations.

During this task, aerated wetlands from HUMIGAL pilot plant were operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) 3 or 4 times higher than conventional wetlands (6 gBOD/m2d). The OLR in the three aerated units was about 20 gBOD/m2d. In the control unit, the OLR was about 4,2 gBOD/m2d.

The hydraulic retention time (HRT) for HUSB was 4.9 hours.

The hydraulic loading rate (HLR) in the HF1, HF2 and HF3 was about 741 millimeters per day, and in HF4 was 5 times less, about 175 millimeters per day. These values are 3 or 4 times higher than conventional wetlands. Recirculation flows have been taking into account for the HLR´s calculations.

Table 2 shows a summary of the operation conditions during steady state period.

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Table 2: Operation conditions during steady state operation.

Parameter HUSB HF1 HF2 HF3 HF4

Recirculation flow (L/d) 0.0 3389 3209 3161 779

Feeding flow (L/d) 3358 924 948 932 209

V HUSB (L) / Surface (m2) 690 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

Daily organic load (g BOD/d) 389.5 108 111 109 24.5

HUSB OLR (gBOD/L·d ) 0.57 - - - -

Horizontal units OLR (gBOD/m2·d) - 19.4 19.9 19.5 4.4

HUSB HRT (h) 4.9 - - - -

Horizontal units HLR (mm/d) - 770 742 731 176

Sampling campaigns were conducted in order to have a correct monitoring of the HUMIGAL plant, while a daily maintenance (flow measurements, feeding and drainage pipes supervision, etc.) was also carried out. Sampling was performed once or twice per week.

Organic matter and nutrients (N and P) concentrations at the effluent of storage tank were lower than expected values adding the initial synthetic wastewater composition. Therefore, the second composition was used in order to get the expected concentration at the inlet of the HUSB reactor.

In general, HUSB reactor has achieved a 61% removal of suspended solids, but the BOD removal could be improved. On the other hand, organic matter (TSS, BOD and COD) was adequately removed in the three aerated horizontal units, even better than in conventional unit (HF4) operating at a 5 times lower OLR.

Regarding the nitrogen compounds performance, the nitrification process was developed correctly since there was no ammonium at the effluents of all horizontal units. But the denitrification process coud be improved since nitrate concentration appeared at the effluent. In this case, there were no differences between aerated units and conventional units, but the aerated units operated at an OLR 5 times higher.

Regarding phosphate performance, there was a better behavior of the FH2 related to the phosphate removal. Adsorbent material improved the phosphate removal but it is important to remark that an initial release of sulphate in the effluent of the horizontal unit (FH2) was obtained.


During the start-up period, the pilot plant was being loaded with just raw wastewater produced in the factory and the house and with no recirculation. The acclimation period was expected to last a couple of months; during which sampling was performed weekly, until stable conditions were shown. Sampling involved taking grab samples along the two treatment trains at different points along the treatment. Figure 16 presents the places were samples were taken during the testing of the system. All in all nine samples were taken in each sampling campaign and were being tested for the same water quality parameters done during the characterization campaign and following standard methods.

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Figure 16: Nine sampling places along the treatment trains of KTFOOD pilot plant.

Once the system was running under stable conditions, different sampling was conducted. Sampling campaigns were conducted under different operational conditions that included testing the performance of the KTFOOD pilot plant.

The initial testing included operating with higher loading without recirculation and concentrations of 2000, 3000 4000 and 5000 mg COD/L. After testing the system operating at high loadings, testing the effect of recirculation started. The initial plan was to test the recirculation of 50% of the treated water to the inlet of the system and adding synthetic wastewater with similar concentrations as the previous test. With the results additional recirculation campaigns were planned including recirculation of treated waters within the pilot plant.

The solution to increase the organic loading was prepared at site and added to the system using a dosing pump controlled by a timer, before the primary treatment (Figure 17). Different substances were evaluated including powdered milk, molasses, acetate, milk whey, fish flour and meat flour to reach the organic loading. Even though all the substance could reach the desired organic load concentrations, powdered calf milk replacement was finally selected since it was easy to manipulate, preparation could be done on-site and was available in the market at reasonable prices. Concerning nitrogen and phosphorus, urea and commercial NPK were added to adjust to the desired concentrations.

Figure 17: Dosing system installed in the KTFOOD pilot plant: Location of storage tank placed in between the beds (a); fiber glass well that hosts the dosing pump and the time control sytem (b).

HUSB

Aerated VFCW

NON Aerated VFCW

Aerated HFCW

HFCW

Aerated HFCW

1

8

4

7 6

3

2

5

9

a b

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According to the supplier and the technical information, the calf milk replacement contains 30% organic load. Testing in the laboratory has shown that a 10 g of the milk replacement diluted in 10 L of water produces a concentration of around 1000 mg COD/L. Nutrients were adjusted using “Pioner Grøn” (Brøste Group, Denmark) N:P:K. Dosing of NPK varied according to the results.

During steady state operation, KTFOOD pilot plant was loaded with expected hydraulic loading rate of 1 m3/d. Since the system has two treatment trains with different operational characteristics, the hydraulic loading rate applied was also different. The eastern train, fitted with an aerated vertical flow bed, received 80% of the flow, which was 800 L/d, with a calculated hydraulic load of 50 mm/d for the VF bed. The hydraulic load for the passive aerated bed treating 200 l/d corresponding to a hydraulic load of 12.5 mm/d. Based on the hydraulic loading rates and the average results from the sampling campaign, operational parameters can be calculated. Figure 18 presents the operational loading rates for the parameters measured.

Figure 18: Calculated operational parameters of KTFOOD system.

Total suspended solids and organic matter was removed effectively in the treatment. Removal of suspended solids in both trains was similar and the concentration at the effluent already met the required limit which is below 10 mg/L. Total BOD removal was higher than 98% through the treatment plant. BOD removal in the HUSB is of around 50% and was higher than 95% in both treatment trains. This is expected from a system that is operating under aerated conditions. COD removal was similar and the overall removal efficiency was higher than 94 %. There was not much COD removal in the HUSB and the removal was higher than 92% in both treatment trains.

Nutrient removal was very efficient, overall nitrification was higher than 95% with similar results in both of the treatment trains. Due to the long residence time, there also was high total nitrogen removal along the system reaching a removal higher than 90%. Overall Phosphorus removal was around 80%. The treatment trains performed differently with higher removal in the western train that was fitted with polonite.

VALIDATION OF BOTH HIGHWET SYSTEMS

During WP4 (Validation of HIGHWET configurations), several campaigns with different operation strategies related to influent concentration and flow, recirculation ratio and aeration ratio of the units were carried out during several months.

Regarding HIGHWET pilot plant Nº 1, each campaign was carried out during 1 month or 1.5 months and 2 monitoring per week of each unit was developed during each campaign. The evolution of the HUMIGAL pilot plant operation and validation was as follows:

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From July 2014 to September 2014 was the start up.

From September 2014 to December 2014 was the steady state operation.

From January 2015 to September 2015, HIGHWET consortium was working on validation of pilot plant and 5 sampling campaigns were performed at different operation conditions. The first Campaign (C1) lasted from January to February (explained in deliverable D4.1). The second campaign (C2) lasted from March to April. The third campaign (C3) lasted from April to May. The fourth campaign (C4) lasted from May to June and the fifth campaign (C5) was carried out between the beginning of August and mid September (C2 to C5 was explained in D4.2).

From mid September until the end of September was carried out the analysis of key parameter (measurement of the accumulated biofilm on the gravel; biological activity of aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic microorganisms; and GHG emissions) at different operation conditions. That analysis was explained in the Deliverable D4.3.

Table 3 indicates the planning of the different campaigns developed for the HUMIGAL Pilot Plant validation. Between each campaign the pilot plant required an adaptation time for the new conditions. This adaptation time is about 2 or 3 weeks.

Table 3: Campaigns planning for HUMIGAL Plant validation (WP4)

Operation parameter

Campaign 1 Campaign 2 Campaign 3 Campaign 4 Campaign 5

Aerated HCW units flow (L/d)

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Conventional HCW flow (L/d)

200 200 200 200 200

Lowest Influent concentration (mg/L)

BOD: 300 BOD: 300 BOD: 700 BOD: 300 BOD: 300

N: 50 N: 50 N: 50 N: 50 N: 50

P:20 P:20 P:20 P:20 P:20

AE HCWs recirculation

100% to the HCW inlet

100% to the HCW inlet

0 0 50% to the HUSB inlet

HCW aeration (h on/ h off)

5/3 3/5 3/5 3/5 5/3

Estimated Date Jan. 15- Feb. 15

Mar. 15- Apr. 15

Apr. 15- May 15

May. 15- June 15

Aug. 15- Sept. 15

Regarding the initial planning, the influent flow of the three aerated wetlands (HF1, HF2 and HF3) and the wetland control (HF4) was 1000 L/d and 200 L/d, respectively. All horizontal units were planned to be fed with a BOD of at least 300 mg/L in campaigns C1, C2, C4 and C5, while influent BOD in campaign C3 was higher than the others (700 mgBOD/L). The nitrogen concentration was 50 mgN/L and the phosphorus concentration was 20 mgP/L in all wetlands during all campaigns.

The validation of the plant was carried out at organic and hydraulic loading rates of 50 gBOD/m2d and 500-600 mm/d, respectively. On the other hand, the target effluent characteristics achieved in the system was lower than: 10 mgBOD/L; 10 mgTSS/L; 20 mg N total/L and 10 mg P total/L. HUMIGAL and AIMEN were responsible of the main operation and research in this pilot plant while RIETLAND contributed in the implementation, starting operation and validation of the aeration systems in the horizontal CWs.

Regarding HIGHWET pilot plant Nº 2, the plan stated that campaigns were to be carried out by changing operational parameters and allowing an adaptation period of 1 month or 1.5 months, followed by an intensive monitoring of each unit where water samples were taken and analysed for water quality

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parameters. The concentrations and operational parameters planned for KTFOOD pilot plant are presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Campaigns planning for KTFOOD Plant validation (WP4).

Operation parameter Campaign 1 Campaign 2 Campaign 3 Campaign 4 Campaign 5

AE VCW- AE HCW (L/d) 800 800 800 800 1440

VCW- AE HCW train flow (L/d) 200 200 200 200 360

Influent concentration (mg/L) COD: 5000

TN: 500 P: 20

COD: 5000 TN: 500

P: 20

COD: 5000 TN: 500

P: 20

COD: 5000 TN: 500

P: 20

COD: 5000 TN: 500

P: 20

Recirculation No No No No 100%

VF aeration 24/0 24/0 4/4 6/2 24/0

HCWs aeration (h on/ h off) 24/0 24/0 24/0 24/0 24/0

Since the previous characterisation of the water quality have shown a relatively “weak water” (low COD and TN) a dosing system was design and installed to increase the loading to any desired concentrations. The dosing system consisted of a dosing pump that takes a loading solution form a 1 m3 tank. The solution in the dosing tank was prepared with different substances to reach the desired concentrations.

The validation of the plant was carried out at an organic and hydraulic loading rate of 100 gBOD/m2d and 500-600 mm/d, respectively. On the other hand, the target effluent characteristics obtained in the system was lower than: 10 mgBOD/L; 10 mgTSS/L; 20 mg N total/L and 10 mg P total/L. KILIAN and AU were responsible of the main operation and research in this pilot plant and RIETLAND contributed in the implementation, starting operation and validation of the aeration systems in the vertical and horizontal CWs.

4. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT AND THE MAIN DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES AND EXPLOITATION OF RESULTS

World Water Treatment Product Demand is estimated in €37 billion and world demand for water treatment products is projected to increase 6.2% per year to nearly €50 billion in 2015 (Freedonia, 2011). Industrial water treatment gains will result from efforts to meet global standards for WW reclamation and effluent discharge quality.

One of the main benefits for HIGHWET SMEs is the opportunity to introduce CWs in new markets, where large companies have not been successful. One potential market is Urban WWTP in small towns (below 10,000 population equivalent - PE). Nowadays, some European countries, (i.e. Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal and Spain) still need to make substantial efforts to improve their compliance with Directive 91/271/EEC (article 4 and 5). Significant investments in these countries have to continue for the necessary improvements of WW treatment of these agglomerations. Conventional CWs have been used in small villages (100-1,000 PE) as an economical alternative to conventional aerobic treatments. But the required conventional CW land for medium size town sanitation entails economic and social limitations.

Also, HIGHWET systems are designed to treat higher organic load WW requiring less area than conventional CWs. Therefore, HIGHWET configurations are suitable to treat organic industrial WW. Currently, there are about 286,000 companies of Food & Beverage industrial sector in the EU, 99.1% of them being SMEs with 2.9 million employees in total (Food Drink Europe, Data & Trends 2014). Many of these F&B companies could be end-users of HIGHWET solutions since their WW composition is suitable to be treated in HIGHWET systems. Table 5 summarises the potential market for HIGHWET project outcomes.

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Regarding high organic load WW, an additional potential market is the wastewater of livestock farms (in case of swine manure, an aerobic pre-treatment is necessary to apply HIGHWET systems). There are more than 12 million livestock farms in Europe (EUROSTAT, 2015). Many of them do not have WW treatment and use their liquid effluents directly as fertilizer on surrounding lands. This has a high environmental impact, especially in large farms (with more than 10 hectares of agricultural area), which represent 19.8% of all farms in the EU (2,425,000 farms) (Table 5). This means a lot of new potential customers that HIGHWET SMEs could access with the technology developed. However, the market penetration will be slower than in the other markets due to livestock farms could be more reluctant to install WW treatments and its market share will be negligible at this stage.

Table 5: Potential markets to HIGHWET technologies

Sector Description Number of SME, settlements and

farms*

Potential market

(Number ,%) *Reference

Industrial F&B SME in Europe 286,000 2,860 (1%) Food Drink Europe,

Data & Trends (2014)

Urban 2,000 and 10,000

p.e. agglomerations 15,355 768 (5%) EC (2013)

Livestock Farms > 10 hectares of agricultural area

2,425,000 2,860 (0.1%) EUROSTAT (2015)

It is obvious that urban and industrial wastewater treatment is important to fulfill the water quality requirements of Water Framework Directive. Moreover, Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban WW treatment states than every town of 2,000-10,000 PE and F&B companies with WW flows higher to 4,000 PE must set up collection and treatment systems. Also, some F&B companies are affected by Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control –IPPC-). Difficulties to comply this legislation are reported due to current infrastructure cannot always achieve Directive quality standards (i.e. Belgium, Ireland, Italy and Portugal).

The main advantage of a HIGHWET European approach is that the system is able to provide a solution for F&B industry and small town WW treatment in different location across EU. This is possible due to similarities in WW characteristics and legislation in EU.

Technologies such as applied in conventional WWTP are not the best solution for small towns and F&B SMEs, due to its high investment and maintenance cost. Therefore, HIGHWET project results are a potential solution in these cases. HIGHWET systems are low cost and easy to operate and maintain. Also, HIGHWET configurations are designed to consume less energy than conventional WW treatment systems. That is the reason why they contribute to reduce greenhouse gases emissions due to low energy demand and lower methane production. For industrial applications, HIGHWET is more advantageous in small facilities. Therefore, European F&B SMEs will benefit from an easy and low maintenance WW treatment plant.

Therefore, HIGHWET systems developed in this project could be installed across Europe without adaptation to each regional market. The collaboration of 3 WW SMEs (KILIAN, HUMIGAL and RIETLAND) enforces the relationship between companies in different European countries.

In order to extend the potential benefits of HIGHWET project, a robust activity of dissemination and exploitation had been carried out.

Main dissemination activities on the website: www.highwet.eu

A project video is available on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DfE4bWH_I0

Several dissemination activities are showing below:

http://www.highwet.eu/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DfE4bWH_I0

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5. USE AND DISSEMINATION OF FOREGROUND

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC (PEER REVIEWED) PUBLICATIONS, STARTING WITH THE MOST IMPORTANT ONES

NO. Title Main

author

Title of the periodical or

the series

Number, date or frequency

Publisher Place of

publication Year of

publication Relevant

pages

Permanent identifiers

(if available)

Is/Will open access

provided to this

publication?

1

Design and performance evaluation of a highly loaded aerated treatment wetland

managing effluents from a food processing industry in Denmark

Carlos A.

Arias

Wastewater Treatment

Vol 10 No 3 doi:

10.2166/wpt .2015.074

Water Practice & Technolo

gy

UK 2015 Not

available yet

No

LIST OF DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES

NO. Type of

activities Main leader Title Date/Period Place

Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

1 Web AIMEN NA 20/12/2013 www.highwet.eu/

Scientific community; Industry; Civil society

180 visits/month

Worldwide

2 Press releases AIMEN

- El centro tecnológico de Porriño lidera un proyecto europeo de tratamiento de aguas residuales. - Aimen-lidera un proyecto para el tratamiento de aguas residuales

05/10/2013 Regional and national press Civil society 300,000 readers

Spain

3 Interview AIMEN Wetland Technology for 05/10/2013 Radio Voz Civil society 73,000 Spain


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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

wastewater treatment and recovery

listeners

4 Press Release HUMIGAL Sedaqua participa en un proyecto europeo de tratamiento de aguas residuales

23/10/2013

EcoArtabria http://ecoartabria.com/sedaqua-participa-en-un-proyecto-europeo-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales/

Civil society Not available

Spain

5

Other (publication of HIGHWET reference in partner’s website)

RIETLAND, KILIAN, AIMEN, HUMIGAL

HIGHWET Project 10/11/2013

http://www.rietland.com/nieuws/85-highwet-eu http://www.kilianwater.com/research-and-development/ http://www.aimen.es/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=437&Itemid=103 http://www.sedaqua.com/novedades/investigacion-desarrollo


--- Worldwide but mainly EU

6 Press Release HUMIGAL Proyecto HIGHWET 10/12/2013 Published in www.aguasresiduales.info


Not available

Spain

7 Presentations AU HIGHWET project implementation

15/01/2014 Constructed wetland seminar at the University of Uppsala, Sweden.

Scientific community; Industry;

150 attendees

EU

8 Presentations AIMEN HIGHWET project profile 15/01/2014 http://www.wise-rtd.info/en/info/performance-and-validation-high-rate-constructed-wetlands


Not available

Worldwide

9 Presentations KILIAN HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

15/01/2014 ‘ByggerietsKvalitetskontrol = ‘A firm who controls and advise the sewermasters on their work’, in Vejen, Denmark

Industry 8 Denmark


23/01/2014 ‘Kloakmesse’ = ‘Sewer-exhibition’, in Fredericia, Denmark

Industry; Policy makers

1,200 attendees

Denmark

11 Presentations KILIAN HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate

20/02/2014 A school for sewermasters, in Aalborg, Denmark Industry 60 attendees

Denmark

http://ecoartabria.com/sedaqua-participa-en-un-proyecto-europeo-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales/



http://www.rietland.com/nieuws/85-highwet-eu

http://www.kilianwater.com/research-and-development/

http://www.kilianwater.com/research-and-development/

http://www.aimen.es/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=437&Itemid=103

http://www.aimen.es/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=437&Itemid=103

http://www.sedaqua.com/novedades/investigacion-desarrollo

http://www.sedaqua.com/novedades/investigacion-desarrollo

http://www.aguasresiduales.info/

http://www.wise-rtd.info/en/info/performance-and-validation-high-rate-constructed-wetlands

http://www.wise-rtd.info/en/info/performance-and-validation-high-rate-constructed-wetlands

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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

constructed WETlands

12 Press releases HUMIGAL HIGHWET project: website release

12/03/2014 Published in www.aguasresiduales.info


Not available

Spain

13 Presentations AU HIGHWET project Case of study 15/03/2014 Master of Environmental Science of the Chinese National Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.


80 attendees

Worldwide


05/04/2014 At common annual meeting ‘LØB & LØS‘ = National unions for Ecological Building and Ecovillages, on island of Samsø, Denmark

Civil Society 50 attendees

Denmark


08/04/2014 Meeting with HaderslevMuniciaplity, in Ørby, Haderslev, Denmark

Industry 10 attendees

Denmark


10/04/2014 At meeting with Holstebro Municipality, Holstebro, Denmark

Policy makers 10 attendees

Denmark


11/04/2014 At annual meeting ‘LØB’ = National union for Ecological Building, in Ringsted, Denmark

Civil Society 500 attendees

Denmark


21/04/2014 A school for sewermasters, in Horsens, Denmark Industry 60 attendees

Denmark

19 Presentations AU HIGHWET project: Anaerobic and CW system for high organic loads

15/05/2014 Wastewater treatment seminar taught in the business academy in Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.


150 attendees

Worldwide


26/05/2014 At carrot, potatoe-industry, in Aalborg Municipality, and Milk-farmer in Mariagerfjord municipality, Denmark

Industry 5 attendees Denmark

21 Conferences AIMEN High-rate anaerobic and constructed wetland systems for municipal and industrial

05/06/2014 (accepted as poster)

2014 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition, Lisbon, Portugal.


About 1,500 attendees

Worldwide

http://www.aguasresiduales.info/

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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

wastewater Policy makers

22 Exhibitions KILIAN HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

05/06/2014 At ‘Roskilde Dyrskue (=agricultural fair)’, in Roskilde, Denmark

Industry 9,500 visitors

Denmark


10/06/2014 At ‘Rørcenterdagene’, in HøjeTaastrup, Denmark Industry; Policy makers

1,500 visitors

Denmark


12/06/2014 At ‘annual meeting STF’(STF = Wastewater union for utilities, in Korsør, Denmark

Industry; Policy makers

1,000 visitors

Denmark

25 Conferences AU

Design and performance evaluation of a highly loaded aerated treatment wetlandmanaging effluents from the food producing industry in Denmark

15/06/2014 (accepted as oral)

IWA 14th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water pollution Control; Shanghai, China

Scientific Community; Industry

800 attendees

Worldwide


02/07/2014 At ‘Landskuet’ (=agricultural fair)’, in Herning, Denmark

Industry 4,500 visitors

Denmark


05/08/2014 A school for sewermasters, in Aalborg, Denmark Civil Society 60 attendees

Denmark

28 Articles published in the popular press

KILIAN GSC Anlæg A/S – harbyggetlandetsstørstebeplantedefilteranlæg

15/09/2014 Article in magazine from DMOGE ‘Maskinstation&Landbrugslederen’, 2014

Industry Not available

Denmark

29 Workshops HUMIGAL HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

10/10/2014 Wastewater treatment seminar taught in the Entidad de Saneamiento de Aguas de la Comunidad Valenciana (EPSAR), Valencia, Spain.


150 attendees

Spain

30 Flyers AIMEN Leaflet HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

15/10/2014 Distribution during any HIGHWET dissemination action

Scientific community; Industry; Civil Society

Not available

Worldwide

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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

31 Posters AIMEN Poster HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

15/10/2014 Distribution during any HIGHWET dissemination action

Scientific Community; Industry; Civil Society

Not available

Worldwide

32 Exhibitions RIETLAND NA 23/10/2014 Aquarama trade fair, Leuven, Belgium Industry; Policy makers; Civil Society

About 800 attendees


30/10/2014 At new wastewater system from municipality of Maraigerfjord, in Hadsund, Denmark

Policy Makers 50 attendees

Denmark

34 Workshops KILIAN HIGHWET project: Presentation of KTFOOD Pilot Plant

05/11/2014 KTFOOD premises, Farup, Denmark. Scientific Community; Industry;

About 50 attendees

Denmark

35 Press releases KILIAN ‘Rødderneklarerærterne’ – spildevandskal da renseslokalt

06/11/2014 Published in:‘Nordjyske’, a regional newspaper Civil Society 300,000 readers

Denmark


13/11/2014 At Utility industry of Langeland, at the island of Langeland, Denmark

Industry 5 attendees Denmark

37 Presentations HUMIGAL Winery wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands

14/11/2014 RedeRegata (Galician network for wastewater treatment)


Spain

38 Publications AU/AIMEN

Combination of high-rate anaerobic primary treatment and aerated constructed wetland system for municipal and highly loaded industrial wastewater treatment

15/12/2014 Newsletter published in International Water Association (IWA)

Scientific Community; Industry;

Not available

Worldwide

39 Press Releases KILIAN ‘Ny generation afdetbeplantede filter’

15/12/2014

1. Magazine ‘DanskeKloakmestre.dk’, nr. 29, December 2014. 2. ‘Forsøgsanlæg tester en ny generation afbeplante defiltre’, Spildevandsteknisk Tidskrift, nr. 5, 2014.

Industry, Policy makers

300,000 readers

Denmark

40 Presentations KILIAN HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate

05/02/2015 At the municipality of Kolding, in Kolding , Denmark Policy makers 100 attendees

Denmark

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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

constructed WETlands


25/02/2015 At Technological Institute, in Aarhus , Denmark Policy makers; Industry

150 attendees

Denmark

42 Press releases HUMIGAL La cultura de la ciudad que se gestó en A Coruña

12/03/2015

Published in http://www.elidealgallego.com/articulo/coruna/cultura-ciudad-gesto-coruna/20150311225314232921.html

Scientific community; Industry; Civil Society

200,000 readers

Spain

43 Exhibitions RIETLAND NA 17/03/2015 Aqua Nederland trade fair, Gorinchem, the Netherlands

Industry; Policy maker; Civil Society


Worldwide

44 Presentations ALL PARTNERS

Man-made wetlands for water treatment

23/04/2015 (submission at CORDIS Team)

CORDIS Results in Brief http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/165119_en.html

Scientific community; Industry; Policy makers

Not available

Worldwide

45 Conferences AIMEN

Hydrolytic anaerobic reactor and aerated constructed wetland systems for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. HIGHWET project

15/05/2015 (accepted as poster)

WETPOL 2015 International Symposium on Wetland Pollutant Dynamics and Control and the Annual Conference of the Constructed Wetland Association; Cranfield University, York, UK.

Scientific Community; Industry; Policy makers

About 600 attendees

Worldwide

46 Conferences AU

HIGHWET, evaluation of a highly loaded aerated treatment wetland managing effluents from food producing industry

15/05/2015 (accepted as oral)

WE TPOL 2015 International Symposium on Wetland Pollutant Dynamics and Control and the Annual Conference of the Constructed Wetland Association; Cranfield University, York, UK.


About 600 attendees

Worldwide

47 Workshops HUMIGAL Advanced technologies for wastewater treatment

18/06/2015 RedeRegata (Galician network for wastewater treatment)

Scientific Community;

50 attendees

Spain

48 Articles published in the popular press

KILIAN ‘Frisørenfortsætterpålandet’ 18/06/2015

Article in magazine ‘Fritidsmarkedet‘ about a hairdressalon who could keep their shop due to establishment of an aerated CW thanks to HIGHWET—open house

Civil Society Not available

Denmark

49 Conferences AIMEN Hydrolytic anaerobic reactor as low cost pre-treatment for

03/07/2015 (accepted as

14th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion; Viña del Mar, Chile.

Scientific Community;


Worldwide

http://www.elidealgallego.com/articulo/coruna/cultura-ciudad-gesto-coruna/20150311225314232921.html



http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/165119_en.html

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NO. Type of


Type of audience

Size of audience

Countries addressed

wastewater treatment followed by CW

short oral) Industry; Policy makers

50 Videos AIMEN HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

15/08/2015 Published in: www.highwet.eu/ and other webs

Scientific community; Industry; Policy makers; Civil Society

200 visits/month

Worldwide

51 Publications AU/AIMEN

Design and performance evaluation of a highly loaded aerated treatment wetland managing effluents from a food processing industry in Denmark

05/09/2015 Accepted for publication in: Water Practice & Technology Vol 10 No 3 doi: 10.2166/wpt.2015.074


Not available

Worldwide

52 Workshops AIMEN, HUMIGAL

Constructed wetlands: Clean and cost-efficiency technology for wastewater treatment

09/09/2015 University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.

Scientific Community; Industry; Policy maker; Civil Society

About 50 attendees

Spain

53 Workshop AIMEN HIGHWET Technical course 10/09/2015 University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain. Scientific Community;

Not available

NA

54 Conferences RIETLAND High load performance and clogging limits of vertical flow aerated wetlands (FBA)

14/09/2015

WETPOL 2015 International Symposium on Wetland Pollutant Dynamics and Control and the Annual Conference of the Constructed Wetland Association; Cranfield University, York, UK.


About 600 attendees

Belgium

55 Presentations HUMIGAL Green employment, local economy and trade.

24/09/2015 National Centre of Environmental Education (CENEAM). Valsaín, Segovia (Spain)

Scientific community, Industry

Not available

Spain

56 Presentations RIETLAND Discussion of HIGHWET technology

17/10/2015 Meeting with GWT (Global Wetland Technology) and DeHua (Chinese prospective partner)


--

57 Presentations HUMIGAL HIGHWET project: Performance and validation of HIGH-rate constructed WETlands

14/11/2015 Wastewater treatment seminar taught in the Agencia Vasca del Agua (URA), Bilbao, Spain.

Industry Not available

Spain


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Type of Exploitable Foreground

Description of exploitable foreground

Confidential Click on YES/NO

Foreseen embargo date

Exploitable product(s) or measure(s)

Sector(s) of application

Timetable, commercial or any other use

Patents or other IPR exploitation (licences)

Owner & Other Beneficiary(s) involved

Commercial exploitation of R&D Results

HIGHWET Configuration Nº 1

Yes

Engineering drawings and implementation of technologies based on anaerobic systems and constructed wetlands for cost-effective decentralised domestic WW treatment

- Sanitation companies - Technology providers - WW pilot plant manufacturers - Municipalities

1-3 years Copyright KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL


HIGHWET Configuration Nº 2.

Yes

Engineering drawings and implementation of technologies based on anaerobic systems and constructed wetlands for cost-effective decentralised industrial WW treatment

- Food and Beverage companies - Livestock companies - WW pilot plant manufacturers



Anaerobic hydrolytic system.

Yes

Engineering drawings and implementation of anaerobic hydrolytic reactor for WW pre-treatment

- Sanitation companies - Technology providers - WW pilot plant manufacturers



Air distribution system.

Yes

Technology to be implemented on conventional constructed wetlands for increasing their WW treatment efficiency

- Sanitation companies - Technology providers - WW pilot plant manufacturers



Operation strategy of HIGHWET systems

Yes

Operation strategies and procedures for the best performance of AD-CW systems

- Municipalities - Food and Beverage companies - Livestock companies - WW pilot plant manufacturers, operators and managers

1-2 year Copyright KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL

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HIGHWET configuration Nº1 KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL will exploit this HIGHWET configuration designing and implementing HIGHWET system to the following end-users:

Companies working on wastewater management: Technology providers, WW pilot plant manufacturers, sanitation companies

Authorities: Local (municipalities), regional or national bodies. For each HIGHWET system, KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL will be responsible for HCW or in specific cases, VCW could also be proposed due to WW characteristics, surface restrictions, etc. In addition, RIETLAND will be responsible for the air distribution system design and implementation. The market up-take will be distributed geographically as follows:

KILIAN: North of Europe (Initially: Denmark, Sweden, and Norway)

RIETLAND: Central Europe (Initially: Belgium, Netherland, Germany)

HUMIGAL: South of Europe (Initially: Spain, Portugal, and Italy). Being HUMIGAL; KILIAN and RIETLAND joint owners of all project results, access rights for the use of Foreground is royalty free following the conditions set forth in the Consortium Agreement. After additional research period, HIGHWET partners will decide to patent configuration Nº1. HIGHWET pilot plant Nº1 needs to be tested during at least one or two years more after project completion in order to gain additional knowledge and information needed for commercialization. According to 7th Technical assessment of information on the implementation of Council Directive 91/271/EEC, there are approximately 15,000 agglomerations in UE between 2,000 and 10,000 PE. Although HIGHWET technology is designed to town up to 5,000 PE, this could be a good approximation to HIGHWET market for urban WW treatment. A market share of 2.4% is expected for HIGHWET system after 5 years of exploitation results. HIGHWET configuration Nº2 KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL will exploit this HIGHWET configuration designing and implementing HIGHWET system to the following end-users:

Companies working on wastewater management: Technology providers, WW pilot plant manufacturers, sanitation companies.

Agriculture and Food & Beverage industries. For each HIGHWET system, KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL will be responsible for VCW and HCW, respectively. In addition, RIETLAND will be responsible for the air distribution system design and implementation. The market up-take will be distributed geographically as follows:

KILIAN: North of Europe (Initially: Denmark, Sweden and Norway)

RIETLAND: Central Europe (Initially: Belgium, Netherland and Germany)

HUMIGAL: South of Europe (Initially: Spain, Portugal and Italy). As in configuration Nº1, access rights for the use of Foreground is royalty free following the conditions set forth in the Consortium Agreement. After additional research period, HIGHWET partners will decide to patent configuration Nº2. HIGHWET pilot plant Nº2 needs to be tested during at least one or two years more after project completion in order to gain additional knowledge and information needed for commercialization. Livestock farms are the second customer segment for HIGHWET due to the inefficient agricultural WW treatment. There are more than 12 million livestock farms in Europe (EUROSTAT, 2015). Many of them do not have WW treatment and use their liquid effluents directly as fertiliser on surrounding lands. This has a high environmental impact, especially in large farms (with more than 100 heads), which represent 2% of all farms in the EU (256,710 farms). F&B industries represent the third customer segment. Currently, there are about 286,000 companies in the EU, 99.1% of them being SMEs with 2.9 million employees in total (FoodDrinkEurope, Data & Trends 2014). Many of these F&B companies could be end-users of HIGHWET to treat wastewater by low cost technologies.

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A market share of 0.4% is expected for HIGHWET system for livestock farms and 0.8% for F&B industries after 5 years of exploitation results. Anaerobic hydrolytic system HUMIGAL, with the collaboration of KILIAN and RIETLAND, will exploit the design and implementation of the anaerobic system as pretreatment alternative for WW to the following end-users: Companies working on wastewater management (Technology providers, WW pilot plant manufacturers, sanitation companies). As in previous results, access rights for the use of Foreground is royalty free following the conditions set forth in the Consortium Agreement. Anaerobic hydrolytic system, implemented in HIGHWET pilot plants, need to be tested during at least one or two years more after project completion in order to gain additional knowledge and information needed for commercialization, such as high organic and solid matter removal and stabilisation of anaerobic biomass excess from hydrolytic reactor. Air distribution system RIETLAND, with the collaboration of KILIAN and HUMIGAL, will exploit the design and implementation of air distribution system for increasing the efficiency of conventional CW already implemented to the following end-users: Companies working on wastewater management (Technology providers, WW pilot plant manufacturers, sanitation companies). As in previous results, access rights for the use of Foreground is royalty free following the conditions set forth in the Consortium Agreement. Air distribution system, implemented in HIGHWET pilot plants, need to be tested during at least one or two years more after project completion in order to gain additional knowledge and information needed for commercialization, such as high nitrogen removal efficiency using the best operation configuration for the aeration system implemented in the CWs. Operation strategy of HIGHWET systems KILIAN, RIETLAND and HUMIGAL will exploit this result for further research or as technical consulting to the following end-users:

Companies working on wastewater management: Technology providers, WW pilot plant manufacturers, sanitation companies.

Authorities: Local (municipalities), regional or national bodies.

Agriculture and Food & Beverage industries. As in previous results, access rights for the use of Foreground is royalty free following the conditions set forth in the Consortium Agreement. Operation strategy for HIGHWET pilot plants (Result Nº 1 and 2) need to be tested during at least one or two years more after project completion in order to gain additional knowledge and information needed for commercialization, such as operation in plants up to 10,000 PE.

final report - europa · 2016-05-30 · highwet project grant agreement nº 605445 - fp7-sme-2013-1...

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