CRUISE CONTROL:An analysis of the environmental, economic, and social effects of the

commercial cruise shipping industry on the city of Venice

The Maiden Voyage of the Cruise Shipping Industry

- Beginnings- Early 1900’s- S.S. Prinzessin

Victoria Luise

- Journey- Growth - Tragedies- Military

- Regression- Air travel

Why Cruise Ships?

• Why is this project investigation on cruise ships crucial to Venice?

– Venice has been a cruise destination since the beginnings of the industry

– Investigating the extreme impacts of cruise liners is crucial to the preservation of Venice

– VTP created in order to manage and improve cruise traffic

Venezia Terminal Passeggeri S.p.A.Creation - 1997

PROJECT MISSION

The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a publicly accessible profile of the positive and negative economic, social, and

environmental impacts of cruise ships and their passengers on the city.

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Environmental• Measure the amount of particulate matter that is present during and

after the presence of cruise ships• Measure the cruise ships’ affect on the hydrodynamics in canals• Measure the vibrations cause by the passing of the ship

Economics• Determine where passengers spend their money and how much

Social• Provide a qualitative analysis of the population increases resulting from

disembarking passengers

Environmental- Measure the amount of particulate matter that is present

during and after the presence of cruise ships- Measure the cruise ships’ affect on the hydrodynamics in canals- Measure the vibrations and noise caused by the passing of the

ship

Economics- Determine where passengers spend their money and how much

Social- Provide a qualitative analysis of the population increases resulting from

disembarking passengers

Shaking The Foundations• Vibrations

caused by passing ships may cause damage to structure faces and foundations

Air Pollution Produced

Scene of the Grime

Hydrodynamic Testing

Location

Results

% Speed Increase

62.776884

Control Avg. normal time Avg. m/s Volumetric flow rate (m^3/s)

85.515417 0.07 0.950228662

With Ship Avg. passing time Avg. m/s Volumetric flow rate (m^3/s) % Increased

53.683914 0.12 1.513660124 0.5929

• While ship is passing– Flow increases an average of

62.8%• After ship has passed

– Flow briefly changes direction– Slowly builds back to original

speed and direction

Environmental• Measure the amount of particulate matter that is present during and after

the presence of cruise ships• Measure the cruise ships’ affect on the hydrodynamics in canals• Measure the vibrations and noise caused by the passing of the ship

Economics• Determine where passengers spend their money and how much

Social• Provide a qualitative analysis of the population increases resulting from

disembarking passengers

Tourism

Italy- 1/3 of €1.6 trillion Italian GDP

due to tourism, €30 billion directly from tourists

Local- Cruise ships brought 1 million+

tourists to Venice in 2007

- Tourists in Venice spend €1 billion annually

Survey

• Survey of cruise passengers• Printed into English, Spanish, French, Italian• Survey administered in Piazzale Roma• Target passengers: returning to ships

Survey

Survey Findings

Environmental- Measure the amount of particulate matter that is present during and after

the presence of cruise ships- Measure the cruise ships’ affect on the hydrodynamics in canals- Measure the vibrations cause by the passing of the ship

Economics- Determine where passengers spend their money and how much

Social- Provide a qualitative analysis of the population increases resulting from

disembarking passengers

Parallels

- Venice is similar to Bar Harbor, ME, USA

- Is Venice affected in the same ways?

Recommendations For Continuation of the Project

• Work closely with Aerosol and Magee Scientific– Air quality testing

• Work closely with the VTP