Venice: Economic Case Study

• Geographically Unique

• Massive Influx of tourists

• Tourist Stores Open, Local Stores Close

• Residents Leave the City

Massive Influx of Tourists

Proliferation of Hotels

Loss of Basic Necessity Stores

Local stores close…Become run down…Some specialized store

types disappear…

Decline in Residents

How do we know the following

relationship exists?

Tourism

Local Store Closings

Residential Decline

Venezia

Sample of Change in Typology of StoresMigropolis: •Studied the change in typologies of stores in one area in Castello•Gathered information about types of stores from its original use and in 2007

Our Study:• Documented the typology of the same stores in this area in 2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Original Use 2007 2009

Clothing/Accessories

Health/Beauty Care

Luxury

Service

Basic Necessity

Food Service

Closed

Tourist

Change in typology in this sample:

Basic NecessityFood Service

Tourist Shops

ClosedService

typology has changed

typology has not changed

• 40 out 43 stores, 93 % of the stores change type

Stores That Change Type Between

Original Use and 2009

Work done so far

2004 Tourist Versus Resident Stores

2004 Tourist ShopsFocusing on:• Souvenir Shops• Exchange Offices• Hotels • Information

Offices

Stores catering to tourists

2004 Residential Shops

Focusing on:

• Butcher

• Bakery

• Produce Stands

• Fish

• Deli

• Shoe Repair

• Stationary

• Home Goods

• Hardware Store

• Dry Cleaners

• Hair Dressers

Stores catering to residents

2004 Mixed ShopsStores catering to both residents and tourists

Focusing on:

• Restaurants

• Bars

• Tabacchi

• Banks

• Clothing Stores

• Art/Antique

Shops

2004 EvolutionStore histories were created with the help of residents’ memories

Inaccurate Verbal Reconstructions

2005 Area of Study

2005 All Stores in Cannaregio

Store Allocation 1970 vs. 2005

Art/Antiques0.7%

Basic Necessities

26.4%

Closed4.0%

Clothing/Accessories

10.4%

Food Service18.5%

Health/Beauty3.0% Service

33.8%

Tourist3.0%

Store Allocation 1970 vs. 2005

Art/Antiques4%

Basic Necessities9%

Closed11%

Clothing/Accessories12%

Food Service23%

Health/Beauty2%

Service21%

Tourist18%

Art/Antiques0.7%

Basic Necessities

26.4%

Closed4.0%

Clothing/Accessories

10.4%

Food Service18.5%

Health/Beauty3.0% Service

33.8%

Tourist3.0%

Comparison 1970 vs 2005

Art/Antiques4%

Basic Necessities9%

Closed11%

Clothing/Accessories12%

Food Service23%

Health/Beauty2%

Service21%

Tourist18%

Art/Antiques4%

Basic Necessities9%

Closed11%

Clothing/Accessories12%

Food Service23%

Health/Beauty2%

Service21%

Tourist18%

2005 Categorization

Stores in this category do not fit into any other

Some categories are too broad

Need to Standardize Categories

Database 1927-2006

Other Studies on the Retail SectorMigropolis

Students of Universita IUAV di Venezia

Categories are too broad • Store Types

• Chain Stores•Hotels

Missing Data

Insufficient Data

Insufficient Coverage

2009 Documenting Venice's current

formal economy

• Retail Stores

• Restaurants

• Hotels

Field Work

Address

Pictures

O = OpenC = ClosedT = Temporary Closed

(return later)

Status

Name

Employees

Number of VISIBLE employees

DepthRetail

Merchandise

db

Retail

Lowest

Merchandise Type

nd

Retail

Lowest

Merchandise Height

db

Retail

Number of

Seats Inside

Restaurants

6

RestaurantsNumber of

Seats Outside

Check hotel box if location is a hotel

Hotels

Our Database

Collected DataStandardize Store

Types, Categories, Sectors

Compiling Databases

Standardizing Databases

Economic Sectors

Standardized Categories

Clothing/Accessories

Art/Antiques

Tourist

Service

Health/Beauty Care

Luxury

Basic Necessity

Paper

Food Service

Formal Economy

Restaurant HotelRetail

Store Version of Threatened Voices

Map Goes Here

Store Version of Threatened Voices Map Goes Here

Store Version of Threatened Voices Map Goes Here

Cannaregio 2005 vs. Today

3%8%

15%

21%

3%

16%

10%

5%

3%

16%

Cannaregio 2005

Art/Antiques

Basic Neccessity

Clothing/Accessories

Food Service

Health/Beauty Care

Closed

Luxury

Paper

Service

Tourist

Cannaregio 2005 vs. Today

1%

9%

19%

25%3%

5%

15%

2%

1%

20%

Cannaregio 2009

Art/Antiques

Basic Neccessity

Clothing/Accessories

Food Service

Health/Beauty Care

Closed

Luxury

Paper

Service

Tourist

Cannaregio 2005 vs. Today

Category Number

Total Stores 592

Closed 5 %

Tourist 20 %

Art/Antiques 1 %

Basic Necessities 9 %

Clothing/Accessories 19 %

Food Service 25 %

Health/Beauty Care 3 %

Luxury 15 %

Paper 2 %

Service 1 %

Category Number

Total Stores 725

Closed 16 %

Tourist 16 %

Art/Antiques 3 %

Basic Necessities 8 %

Clothing/ Accessories 15 %

Food Service 21 %

Health/Beauty Care 3 %

Luxury 10 %

Paper 5 %

Service 3 %

10%

3%

29%

16%

2%

5%

5%

2%

1%

27%

San Marco 2004

Art/Antiques

Basic Neccessity

Clothing/Accessories

Food Service

Health/Beauty Care

Closed

Luxury

Paper

Service

Tourist

San Marco 2004 vs. Today

3%2%

27%

16%

1%8%

9%2%

0.1%

32%

San Marco 2009

Art/Antiques

Basic Neccessity

Clothing/Accessories

Food Service

Health/Beauty Care

Closed

Luxury

Paper

Service

Tourist

San Marco 2004 vs. Today

San Marco and Cannaregio Comparison

3%2%

27%

16%

1%

8%

9%2%

0.1%

32%

San Marco 2009

1%

9%

19%

25%3%

5%

15%

2%

1%

20%

Cannaregio 2009

• 624 Businesses

• More Basic Necessity Stores

• 1076 Businesses

• More Basic Tourist Shops

• More Hotels

Impact of floods and informal activity

on the economy

Flooding

Informal Activities

Impact of floods on the economy

- €

The Effect of Flooding on the Retail Stores

and Restaurants

Level of Tide

# Stores Flooded in Cannaregio

% Stores in Cannaregio

Flooded

# Stores in San Marco

Flooded

% Stores in San Marco

Flooded

Less than 80 cm

0 0% 4 0.47%

At 100 cm 33 6.38% 82 9.56%

At 110 cm 114 22.05% 270 31.47%

At 120 cm 258 49.90% 506 58.97%

At 130 cm 353 68.28% 666 77.62%

At 140 cm 411 79.50% 761 88.69%

Total Stores: 517 858

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

80 100 110 120 130 140

Nu

mb

er

of

Sto

res

Flo

od

ed

Level of Tide (cm)

The Number of Flooded Stores and Restaurants in San Marco and

Cannaregio

San Marco

Cannaregio

Estimate Impact of the Informal on the

Formal Economy

€ € €

Tracking informal vendors

Bag Seller Look Out

Map of the Informal Economy

Ending slide ending on a HAPPY

note see italian version….

Thank you!

Grazie!

Acknowledgments

Professor Fabio Carrera

Professor Daniel Gibson

The Staff of the Venice Project Center/Forma Urbis•Alberto Gallo•Andrea Tassinari•Andrea Mancuso

Venice 4.0

Team Mobility

Past IQP groups who worked on the retail sector

The city of Venice