final health education settings

8/2/2019 FINAL Health Education Settings

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HEALTH EDUCATIONSETTINGS

(Excerpted from Chapter 5 of Health Education by Jerrold S.Greenberg, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1998 and

Chapter 7 of Principles and Foundations of Health Promotionand Education by Randall R. Cottrell, James T. Girvan, James

F. McKenzie, Allyn & Bacon 2001)

BY: CLARISSE P. SANTIAGO, RN


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HEALTH EDUCATION

-Can occur anywhere (when parents instruct theirchildren on the importance & proper way of brushing /when friends discuss sexuality on the street corner)-Some settings are more apt to result in accurateinformation.-People associated with formalized health educationprograms convey more accurate information than thelay public.

-When the setting is specifically designed anddesignated for health education, there is more focus &distractions can be held to a minimum.


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FOUR MAJOR SETTINGSOF HEALTH EDUCATION

The School Setting

The Community Setting

The Work-site Setting

The Health Care Setting


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THE SCHOOL SETTING

Instructing school-age children abouthealth and health-related factors

Education and health are interrelated.Health education supports the centralmission of the school in that a health,well-nourished child is better able to learn.


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Rules of Good Health

1. Take a full bath more than once a week.2. Brush teeth at least once a day.

3. Sleep long hours with windows open.

4. Drink as much milk as possible, but no coffee or tea.

5. Eat some vegetables or fruit everyday.6. Drink at least 4 glasses of water a day.

7. Play part of every day outdoors.8. Have a bowel movement every morning.

Source: Data from Bernice C. Regney, Rules of the Health Game in Milk and Our School Children, U.S. Dept. of the

Interior, Bureau of Education, Health Education, No. 11, 1922

National Health Education Standards

1. Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion & disease prevention.2. Students will demonstrate the ability to access valid health education information and health-

promoting products and services.3. Students will demonstrate ability to practice health- enhancing behaviors and reduce health

risks.

4. Students will analyze the influence of culture, media, technology, and other factors on health.5. Students will demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communication skills to enhance

health.6. Students will demonstrate the ability to use goal-setting and decision-making skills to

enhance health.7. Students will demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family, and community health.

Source: A work on the Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards. Reprinted by permission of the American CancerSociety, Inc.


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ADVANTAGES

Captive audienceSchool health education budget is usually fairly fixedImpact of health education may be significantThere is less need to work with learners to unlearn

unhealthy behaviors and lifestylesThere are journals and articles that lend guidance to thepractice of school health educationProfessional organizations conduct meetings and publishmonographs to help school educatorsA graduate degree is not needed for entry- levelemployment


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DISADVANTAGES

Long hours on the job, including many weekendsand evenings

Too often considered a fringe subject, relativelylow status when compared with Math, English, and

Science teachers Budget for school health education is disgraceful Limited instructional time, if any Limited resources health education is served last

Discipline problems Difficulty of measuring long-term benefits of school

health education and important short-term effects Difficulties with parents and administration when

controversial subjects are taught


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THE COMMUNITY SETTING

COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION

As defined by the Joint Committee on Health Education

Terminology (1991), is

the application of a variety of methods that result in theeducation and mobilization of community members in actions forresolving health issues and problems which affect the community.

These methods include, but are not limited to, group process, massmedia, communication, community organization, organizationdevelopment, strategic planning, skills training, legislation, policymaking, and advocacy. (p. 105)


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TWO SOURCES OF EMPLOYMENT

Voluntary Health Agencies-Address health needs not met by governmentagencies.

- Examples are American Cancer Society,

American Heart Association, AmericanLung Association

Public Health Agencies

-official government health agencies that areusually financed through public tax monies-Public Health Departments are formed tocoordinate and provide health services to acommunity.


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ADVANTAGES:

Job responsibilities are highlyvaried and changing

Working with motivated learners Working with multiple groups of

people Strong emphasis on prevention

High degree of self-satisfaction


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DISADVANTAGES

Low pay, particularly in the voluntary health agencies If employment depends upon soft money, job security

is tenuous

Placing oneself in jeopardy of physical harm SOME volunteers do not demonstrate the same level

of commitment as might a paid employee Insufficient funding, facilities or equipment


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THE WORK-SITE SETTING

There are three main reasons for companies

to invest in health promotion programs:

Economic incentiveTo improve employee morale

To improve company image


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ADVANTAGES

Provides excellent opportunities for prevention Working with diverse groups of people (upper management

to shift workers) High degree of job satisfaction Pay and benefits are good Access to fitness facilities for personal use


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Long and irregular hours (e.g., shift work)

Not much room for advancement

Program is low on the corporate priority list

Subcontracting may take over

Strong pressure to be a role model

DISADVANTAGES


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HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE

HEALTH CARE SETTING

- In hospitals and other health caresettings, health educators had been hiredto direct health an d fitness programs forcompany employees, much the same as in

other worksite settings.-Hospitals often adopt a team approachto health education, in which doctors,nurses, physical therapists, and otherhealth specialists are all part of the team.


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Increased credibility due to health care connection

Satisfying and meaningful instructional time Health educators have at their disposal some health

care resources Wages and benefits are good

ADVANTAGES


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DISADVANTAGES

Health educators may have low status and priority in thehealth care team

Sometimes health educators are further confronted with thelimitations of their capabilities

Jobs are difficult to obtain Hours may be long and irregular

Some M.D.s may be difficult to work with


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final health education settings

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