final exam review corc 1332 / eesc 1010

Final Exam ReviewFinal Exam Review CORC 1332 / EESC 1010CORC 1332 / EESC 1010

• Final Exam: Tuesday, 12/17/13 from 6:05-7:45pm in room 1310N

• Bring with you a #2 pencil, calculator, ruler, string and protractor (optional) during the final.

• No cell phones or other electronic devices are allowed.

• Students will be permitted into the exam UNTIL the first completed exam is turned in. After that no additional entries to the exam.

BROOKLYN COLLEGE Earth & Environmental Sciences

Minerals

Know the difference between a rock and a mineral.

Definition of a Mineral: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_def.html

Definition of a rock: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_def.html

Please note:

A mineral is any natural, inorganic (not living) solid, whose atoms are arranged in an orderly fashion (crystalline). As a result of the orderly arrangement of the atoms, the mineral has uniform composition throughout.

Which is DIFFERENT than:

Volcanic glass is an example of a natural, inorganic solids whose atoms are arranged randomly.


Know how to use a chart of mineral properties to identify an unknown mineral (similar to HW assignment): http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_identification_charts_instructions.html

Review mineral properties from the resource table at: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_invest_intro.html

**Be sure you are thoroughly familiar with the introductory page for each mineral property (ie: What is Hardness, Streak, Color, Breakage, Crystals, Density, MVP, MNVP)

Review mineral families at: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_families.html

Be able to give examples of members in the mineral families. For example: Feldspar family includes Orthoclase, Albite, Labradorite, Anorthite


Minerals


Mineral Properties

►KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL.

Density or specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a equal volume of water.

Density = Weight/Volume

Review for Maps

You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you had on your map assignment.

This includes:--Determining stream direction--Labeling contours--Finding the gradient--Determining azimuth direction--How to use the different scale bars to determine distance

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/contourmaps_menu.html

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction-ex2.htm


Maps: Determine Direction of Stream

Protractor: used to determine azimuth readings


In what general direction is the stream flowing? Answer: From West to East (The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow)

Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feetElevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Maps: Distance Between Two Points

Protractor

What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?


1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that 1.5 cm = 100 miles

Scale bar length = 100 mileContour Interval = 50 feetElevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Maps: Distance Between Two Points

What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?


2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8.5 cm = x miles

Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 ft Elevation of point Q = 583 ft Start Point: Q End Point: R

Maps: Distance Between 2 Points

Calculations


Maps: Distance Between 2 Points (MILES)

Protractor

Answer: The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles.


Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Using the information given what is the elevation of contours ‘d’ and ‘k’?

Scale bar length = 100 mContour Interval = 50 feetElevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Maps


Answer: Contour ‘d’ = 400 ftContour ‘k’ = 650 ft

Maps

Scale bar length = 100 mContour Interval = 50 feetElevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

500

500


500

500

Maps: Gradient of a Steam

1) Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along the course of the river.


Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Gradient refers to the steepness between two points. To calculate the gradient we take the difference in elevation (ED) and divide it by the horizontal distance (HD).

First will determine the horizontal distance of the stream.

What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T?


2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement is 5 4/16 inches

which is equivalent to 5 1/4 in or 5.25 in.

4) Complete the calculations and solve for X (on left). The distance measured by the ruler is 884 miles which refers to the horizontal distance.


3) Measure the scale bar in inches, 100miles = 19/32 in*19/32 was derived from measuring the scale bar from a screen shot- your measurements will vary depending on screen resolution.



Scale bar length = 100 milesContour Interval = 50 feetElevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

Next, Determine the difference in elevation measuring the heights of points R and T. Begin by labeling all of the contours using the given information (below) and determine the contour interval of R and T.

Scale bar length = 100 mContour Interval = 50 ftElevation of point Q = 583 ft Start Point: Q End Point: R


5) Find the difference between R and T (R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft)500 ft - 400 ft = 100ft

Difference in elevation is = 100ft

500

500


f= 600 fth= 650 ftk= 650 ft


To Recap: Gradient or steepness between two points is the difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance (HD):

To Calculate Gradient:(Using the numbers from the previous slides)

Difference in elevation (ED) = 100 feet

Horizontal distance (HD) = 884 miles

100ft

884miles

= 0.11 feet/mileGradient= ED =

HD

*Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)*


What is an outcrop?

What is bedrock?

What are the differences between the two?

►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located beneath a surface layer of soil or other material.

►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop.

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/nyc_mins2/bedrock_rollover.html


Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area

Be able to identify areas on the map.

Could you:

--Identify each borough, body of water and New Jersey?

--Name the borough located furthest North, South, East West?

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/geog_nyc_menu2.html


• Learn how to read a geologic map:

• For example:

• The rocks in the Bronx belong to the Manhattan, Fordham, and Inwood formations.

• The rocks in New Jersey belong to the Palisades and New Jersey “Redbeds” formations.

Longitude and Latitude

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/latlong_menu.html

Any point on a line of latitude is its position North or South of the equator.

For example the Latitude of J is 5° 59’ 45” North (green arrow)

Any point on a line of longitude is its position East or West of the Prime Meridian.

For Example the Longitude of J is 71o 00’ 00” West (pink arrow)


Be familiar with the evidence Alfred Wegener cited to support the hypothesis of continental drift at:http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec3.htm Understand the difference between a scientific theory and hypothesis:http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec8.htm

Know the contraction theory of mountain building, shown at:http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec5.htm

Understand what paleomagnetism is: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec7.htm

Understand how the idea of convection cells is applied to the movements of crust and mantle. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec10.htm.

Know where the heat causing this movement comes from. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec12.htm


Plate Tectonics

Be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the different types of plate boundaries. You will have to review several web pages, starting with http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec14.htm

When you review the section on earthquakes and volcanism, starting at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec16.htm, be conscious of which tectonic setting are associated with both kinds of event and which are associated with only one. Be sure you know what causes earthquakes.

Be familiar with the phenomenon of intraplate volcanoes at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec17.htm

Know the difference between the various types of earthquake waves and how the epicenter of an earthquake is located. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec18.htm


Plate Tectonics

Fourth Dimension

Review your Fourth Dimension assignment (short answer portion)

Know the difference between Law of Superposition, unconformities, Law of Horizontality and how to apply them when looking at a cross section: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html

Review transportation and depositional processes involving sediments:http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_comp_sedimentary2.html

How to determine rock originhttp://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_origin_determine.html

Understand the differences in the texture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Terms to know (Texture, Crystalline, Clastic, glass, vesicular, non-vesicular) For example: If a geologist finds in the field a rock with poorly sorted grains with a clastic texture what class of rock would it belong too? Ans. Sedimentary

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_texture.html

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_conclusions.html


DECIPHERING A SAMPLE OF EARTH HISTORY

You will be given an example very similar to this and have to determine:

--the sequence of events

--appropriate law (ex. The relative age of Intrusion C and fault F-F can be determined by? Ans. Cross-cutting relationships.) http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html

--determine the age of a layer based on information given

http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec10.html

--Know what an unconformity represents.


Topographic Features

Describing Topography:

If given a section of a map be able to explain the features of the topography.

For example: Identify stream direction and 2 features on the sample map below. (dashed line = stream)

Overhanging Cliff

Gentle Slope-widely space contours

Hill

Steep Slope: narrow spaced contours

Closed Depression


http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/top_describe_menu.html

final exam review corc 1332 / eesc 1010

Documents

mineral property

mnvpreview mineral families

chart of mineral properties

feetelevation of point

q end point

azimuth direction

stream direction

points q