Photo Editing and Photography TipsLets look under the hood of photography

Camera File Types

JPEG files

JPEG files record the color and brightness information for each pixel with three eight bit numbers, one for each of the red, green and blue channels (these color channels are the same as the ones you see in programs like Photoshop or in your camera's color histogram display).

Each eight bit channel records color on a scale of 0-255, giving a theoretical maximum of 16,777,216 tones (256 x 256 x 256). The human eye can detect somewhere between 10 and 12 million colors, so this is more than sufficient information to record any subject.

Camera File Types

What is RAW?A RAW file is an uncompressed image file that records the data from the sensor ‘as is’, with minimal processing.  Depending on your camera, this file will most likely contain either 12-bit or 14-bit data.  When shooting in JPEG, the camera will take the RAW file, process it with a number of generic actions (typically contrast/saturation adjustments, correcting for white balance and sharpening) before compressing the image down to an 8-bit JPEG file.

Camera File Types

This gradient has been saved in a 24 bit file (eight bits per channel), enough to render a smooth gradient.

This gradient has been saved as a 16 bit file. As you can see, 16 bits is not enough to render a smooth graduation.

Camera File Types

1 bit (2 colors) 2 bits (4 colors)

4 bits(16 colors)

8 bits (256 colors) 24 bits (16,777,216 colors, "truecolor")

Metadata

Metadata may be written into a digital photo file that will identify who owns it, copyright and contact information, what camera created the file, along with exposure information and descriptive information such as keywords about the photo, making the file searchable on the computer and/or the Internet. Some metadata are written by the camera and some is input by the photographer and/or software after downloading to a computer. However, not all digital cameras enable you to edit metadata;[8] this functionality has been available on most Nikon DSLRs since the Nikon D3 and on most new Canon cameras since the Canon EOS 7D.

Scanning File Types Tiff vs Jpg

Photographic Metadata Standards are governed by organizations that develop the following standards. They include, but are not limited to:

IPTC Information Interchange Model IIM (International Press Telecommunications Council),

IPTC Core Schema for XMP

XMP – Extensible Metadata Platform (an ISO standard)

Exif – Exchangeable image file format, Maintained by CIPA (Camera & Imaging Products Association) and published by JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)

Dublin Core (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative – DCMI)

PLUS (Picture Licensing Universal System).

 

Scanning File Types Tiff vs Jpg

JPEG: Sometimes referred to as JPG. JPEG is probably the most popular and compatible image format around. JPEG is the standard file format of most of today's consumer quality digital cameras and is supported by almost all of today's imaging software. JPEG uses lossy compression, meaning that some image data is lost when the file is compressed. The amount of compression can be varied, the more compression the more data is discarded and the smaller a file becomes. JPEG is great for creating smaller file sizes for uploading on the Internet, or for use with e-mail. It's also a good choice because it's very popular and likely to be around for a long time. We use Maximum quality JPEG compression settings that provide you with high quality images.

TIFF: TIFF format is the standard for most commercial and professional printing needs. We use the uncompressed TIFF format meaning that no image data is lost after scanning. TIFF is a great choice for archiving images when all detail must be preserved and file size is not a consideration. TIFF files are very large in size compared to JPEGs because no compression is used.

 

Field Photographyand Panoramics

 

Field Photographyand Panoramics

 

Field Photographyand Panoramas

 

Field Photographyand Panoramas

 

Cleaning up Old Photos

 

Cleaning up Old Photos

 

Cleaning up Old Photos

 

Cleaning up Old Photos