file bài tập dành cho học sinh vào lớp 11 (mức độtb) - hè năm 2013
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7/28/2019 File bi tp dnh cho hc sinh vo lp 11 (mc TB) - H nm 2013
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Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : [email protected] : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
TpchHahcVitNamhttp://hoaho
c.org
1
TI LIU RN LUYN V CNG C KIN THC TRONG H 2013
MT S CNG THC CN GHI NH
+ Cng thc biu th mi lin h gia s mol, khi lng cht, khi lng mol v th tch
m
n M 22,4
V
n
m
M n .m n M .22,4V n RT
PV
n
Kh ktc Kh ktc (kh, khc ktc)
+ T khi ca cht A so vi cht B: AABB
Md
M (nu B l khng kh:MB = KKM = 29)
+ Khi lng mol trung bnh: hn hp
hn hp
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A B C
m m m m n M n M n M M
n n n n n n n
+ Nng phn trm (C%) v nng mol (CM)
)/()(
MhaylmollV
nC
dd
ct
M % .100(%)ct
dd
mC
m
Mi lin h gia hai gi tr nng phn trm (C%) v nng mol (CM)
M
C%.10.DC M VDmdd ctOHdd mmm 2
+ Hai kh cng nhit v p sut (cng T v P):B
A
B
A
n
n
V
V
+ Tnh theo phng trnh:a mol cht A to thnh theo phn ng b mol cht Bx mol cht A to thnh theo phn ng y mol cht B
Theo v mt t l ta s lun c:.
. ..
a yxa b ba y b x
b xx yy
a
BI TON N CHT PHN NG
-Tnh ton theo pthh lun phi da theo cht p ht hoc da vo lng sn phm.-Khi bi khng ni r p va hay 1 cht no p hon ton m ch cho s liu lin quan n 2 cht tham gia
p, ta cn xc nh c cht no p ht tnh ton theo cht .B1: Tnh s mol ca 2 cht tham gia p
B2: Vit & cn bng ptpB3: * Nu t l mol 2 cht l 1:1 th nnh(cht ht) vo pthh
* Nu t l mol khc 1:1 lp t l bd
pt
n
nca c 2 cht
=> cht ht(s nh), cht d(s ln) & t ncht htvo pthhB4: t ncht htvo pthh, tnh theo yu cu ca
BT 1: t 6,75g Al trong 6,72 l kh clo(ktc). Sn phm bao gm nhng cht no? C khi lng bng bao nhiu?
BT 2: Tnh the tch clo thu c (ktc) khi cho 15,8 (g) kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tac dung axit clohiric am ac.BT 3: Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO4 v bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1M iu ch kh Clo tc dng vi Fe, to nn
16,25g FeCl3BT 4: Cho 3,9 (g) kali tac dung hoan toan vi clo. San pham thu c hoa tan vao nc thanh 250 (g) dung dch.
a) Tnh the tch clo a phan ng (kc).b) Tnh nong o phan tram dung dch thu c.
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7/28/2019 File bi tp dnh cho hc sinh vo lp 11 (mc TB) - H nm 2013
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Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : [email protected] : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
TpchHahcVitNamhttp://hoaho
c.org
2
BT 5: Cho 19,2 (g) kim loi R thuc nhm II vo dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 (l) kh (kc). Tm R.
BT 6: Ha tan 16 (g) oxit ca kim loi R ha tr III cn dng 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xc nh tn R.
BT 7: Ha tan 15,3 (g) oxit ca kim loi M ha tr II vo mt lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 (g) mui. Xc
nh tn M v khi lng dung dch HCl dng.
BT 8: Ha tan 21,2 (g) mui R2CO3 vo mt lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) mui. Xc nh tn R v th
tch dung dch HCl dng.
BT 9: Cho 10,8 g kim loi ha tr III tc dng vi kh Cl2 to thnh 53,4g clorua kim loi.
a/ Xc nh tn kim loi.
b/ Tnh lng MnO2 v V dung dch HCl 37% (d = 1,19g/ml) iu ch kh Clo dng trong phn ng trn. Bit Hiu
sut phn ng l 80%.
BT 10: Cho Hidroxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch mui c
nng 24,12%. Xc nh cng thc hidroxit.
BT 11: 2,8 gam Oxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va ht vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xc nh Oxit .
BI TON VI HN HP CHT
B1: Chuyn cc s liu cho sang s mol (nu c th)B2: t n x, y ln lt l s mol mi cht trong hh
B3: Vit pthh
B4: Th s mol t (x, y) vo pthh
B5: Da vo d liu , lp h pt i s v gii gi tr x, y
B6: T gi tr ca x, y tnh theo yu cu bi ton
Cu 1: Ha tan 7,8g hn hp A gm Al v Mg bng 200ml dung dch HCl 4M va thu c V lt kh (ktc). Tnh
thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc kim loi c trong hn hp v th tch kh thot ra ?Cu 2: Ha tan 31,2 (g) hn hp A gm Na2CO3 v CaCO3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 (l) CO2 (kc). Tnh khi
lng tng cht trong A.
Cu 3: Cho 27,8 (g) hn hp B gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 (l) H 2 (kc). Tnh % khi
lng tng cht trong B.
Cu 4: Cho 24 (g) hn hp G gm Mg v MgCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 (l) hn hp kh gm H2
v CO2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G.
Cu 5: Ha tan 64 (g) hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c
124,5 (g) hn hp mui khan Y.
a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng.Cu 6: Ha tan 23,8 (g) hn hp mui gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi
ha tr II vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 (g) kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hn hp Fe, CuO vo 100ml dung dch HCl th thu c 1,68 lt kh A (ktc) v dung
dch B.
a/ Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
b/ Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl.
c/ Tnh CM ca mi mui trong dung dch B (xem nh V dung dch khng thay i)
Cu 8: Cho 22g hn hp A gm Fe v Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 lt kh (ktc).a/ Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u
b/ Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl 7,3% ti thiu cn dng.
c/ Tnh khi lng hn hp mui thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng.
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7/28/2019 File bi tp dnh cho hc sinh vo lp 11 (mc TB) - H nm 2013
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Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : [email protected] : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
TpchHahcVitNamhttp://hoaho
c.org
3
Cu 9: Chia 35 (g) hn hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau:Phn I: cho tc dng hon ton dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc).Phn II: cho tc dng va 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc).
Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.Cu 10: t chy hon ton 18,8 (g) hn hp A cha H2S v C3H8O ta thu c 17,92 (l) hn hp CO2 v SO2 .Tnh %khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.Cu 11: Cho m (g) hn hp X gm Al, Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 72,2 g hn hp mui v
12,32 lit kh (kc).a. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 dng.Cu 12: Cho 40 g hn hp Fe Cu tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 98% nng thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc).
a.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?b.Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng?
Cu 13: Cho 12,6 g hn hp A cha Mg v Al c trn theo t l mol 3:2 tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 c,nng thu c kh SO2 (kc).
a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A?b. Tnh VSO2 ( 270 C; 5 atm).c. Cho ton b kh SO2 trn vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cc cht trong dung dch thu c.
Cu 14: Cho 10,38 g hn hp gm Fe, Al v Ag chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc).- Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 , nng d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc).
Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
DNG TON OXIT AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH KIM(kh SO2 tac dng vi dung dch bazkim)
Phng php:
B1: tnh2;SO bazo OHn n n
B2: Lp t l2
OH
SO
nT
n
+ Nu T 1: sp to thnh l mui hidrosunfit (cha gc HSO3-); SO2 d hoc va + Nu 1< T
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7/28/2019 File bi tp dnh cho hc sinh vo lp 11 (mc TB) - H nm 2013
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Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : [email protected] : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
TpchHahcVitNamhttp://hoaho
c.org
4
VIT PHNG TRNH PHN NG IEU CHE MOT CHAT T NHIEU CHAT
1. ieu che oxit.Phi kim + oxi Nhiet phan axit (axit mat nc)Kim loai + oxi OXIT Nhiet phan muoiOxi + hp chat Nhiet phan baz khong tan
Kim loai manh + oxit kim loai yeu
V du: 2N2 + 5O2 2N2O5 ; H2CO3 ot CO2 + H2O
3Fe + 2O2 ot Fe3O4 ; CaCO3
ot CaO + CO2
4FeS2 + 11O2 ot 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 ; Cu(OH)2
ot CuO + H2O
2Al + Fe2O3ot Al2O3 + 2Fe
2. ieu che axit.Oxit axit + H2O
Phi kim + Hiro AXITMuoi + axit manh
V du: P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
H2 + Cl2 ot 2HCl
AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3CH3COONa + HCl CH3COOH + NaCl
3. ieu che baz.Kim loai + H2O Kiem + dd muoi
BAZOxit baz + H2O ien phan dd muoi (co mang ngan)
V du: 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 ; Ca(OH)2 + K2CO3 CaCO3 + 2KOHNa2O + H2O 2NaOH ; 2KCl + 2H2O ien phancomang ngan 2KOH + H2 + Cl2
4. ieu che muoi.a) T n chat b) T hp chat
Axit + BazKim loai + Axit Axit + Oxit baz
Oxit axit + Oxit bazKim loai + Phi kim MUOI Muoi axit nung nng
Muoi axit + BazKim loai + DD muoi Axit + DD muoi
Kiem + DD muoiDD muoi + DD muoi
V d:
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3Mg + CuSO4 Cu + MgSO4 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2OFeO + H2SO4 (c, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O CO2 + CaO CaCO3
2NaHCO30t Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HNO3 3NaOH + FeCl3 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3
Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3+ Lu :+ HS v nh xem li ton b cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc phn: phn ng oxi ha kh, phnng lin quan v oxi lu hunh v cc nguyn t trong nhm Halogen.