figure 14.1 the human digestive system: alimentary canal and accessory organs
DESCRIPTION
Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs. (Spleen). Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs. Parotid gland. Mouth (oral cavity). Sublingual gland. Salivary glands. Submandibular gland. Tongue. Pharynx. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs.
(Spleen)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.1 The human digestive system: Alimentary canal and accessory organs.
• Transverse colonLarge intestine
• Descending colon
• Ascending colon
• Cecum• Sigmoid colon• Rectum• Appendix• Anal canal
PharynxStomach
Pancreas(Spleen)
Salivaryglands
Parotid glandSublingual glandSubmandibulargland
Tongue
Mouth (oral cavity)
Small intestine
Anus
• Ileum• Jejunum• Duodenum
Esophagus
Liver
Gallbladder
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.2a Anatomy of the mouth (oral cavity). (a) Sagittal view of the oral cavity and pharynx.
Trachea(a)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.2a Anatomy of the mouth (oral cavity). (a) Sagittal view of the oral cavity and pharynx.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Palatine tonsilLingual tonsil
Uvula
Soft palate
HardpalateOralcavityLips (labia)
Lingualfrenulum
Vestibule
Tongue
Hyoid bone
Trachea(a)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.2b Anatomy of the mouth (oral cavity). (b) Anterior view of the oral cavity.
(b)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.2b Anatomy of the mouth (oral cavity). (b) Anterior view of the oral cavity.
Oropharynx
Palatine tonsil
Uvula
Hard palate
Tongue
Gingivae(gums)
Upper lip
Soft palate
(b)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.3 Basic structure of the alimentary canal wall.
(visceral peritoneum)
Duct of glandoutside alimentarycanal
Gland inmucosa
NerveArtery
Vein
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.3 Basic structure of the alimentary canal wall.
Submucosal glands
Visceral peritoneum
MucosaSurface epitheliumLamina propriaMuscle layer
Submucosa
Muscularis externaLongitudinal muscle layerCircular muscle layer
Serosa(visceral peritoneum)
Lumen
Lymph noduleDuct of glandoutside alimentarycanal
Gland inmucosa
NerveArtery
VeinMesentery
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.4a Anatomy of the stomach. (a) Diagram of the gross internal anatomy (frontal section).
(a)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.4a Anatomy of the stomach. (a) Diagram of the gross internal anatomy (frontal section).
Cardioesophagealsphincter
Esophagus
Pylorus
Pyloric sphincter(valve)
Pyloricantrum
Rugaeofmucosa
Body
Serosa
Fundus
Lessercurvature
Greatercurvature
Muscularisexterna Longitudinal layer Circular layer Oblique layer
Duodenum(a)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.4c Anatomy of the stomach. (c) Enlarged view of gastric pits and glands (longitudinal section).
(c)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.4c Anatomy of the stomach. (c) Enlarged view of gastric pits and glands (longitudinal section).
Mucousneck cells
Parietal cells
Surfaceepithelium
Pyloricsphincter
GastricglandsChief cells
Gastric pits
(c)
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.7a Structural modifications of the small intestine. (a) Small intestine.
Blood vessels servingsmall intestine
(a) Small intestine
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.7a Structural modifications of the small intestine. (a) Small intestine.
Blood vessels servingsmall intestine
Musclelayers
Largecircular folds(plicae circulares)
Villi
(a) Small intestine
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.7b Structural modifications of the small intestine. (b) Villi.
Vein
Artery
Submucosa(b) Villi
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.7b Structural modifications of the small intestine. (b) Villi.
Lacteal
Vein
Artery
Bloodcapillaries
Submucosa
Onevillus
(b) Villi
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.8 The large intestine.
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.8 The large intestine.
Left colic(splenic) flexureTransversemesocolon
Descending colon
Teniae coli
Sigmoid colon
Cut edge ofmesentery
Right colic(hepatic) flexure
Transverse colon
HaustraAscending colonIIeum (cut)
IIeocecal valve
Appendix
Cecum
External anal sphincter
Rectum
Anal canal
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.11 Schematic summary of gastrointestinal tract activities.
Food
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Chemicaldigestion
• Chewing (mouth)• Churning (stomach)• Segmentation (small intestine)
Lymphvessel
• Swallowing (oropharynx)• Peristalsis (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
Small intestineLargeintestine
Anus
Feces
Mainly H2O
Bloodvessel
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9eby Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.11 Schematic summary of gastrointestinal tract activities.
Food
Ingestion
PharynxMechanicaldigestion
PropulsionEsophagus
Stomach
Chemicaldigestion
• Chewing (mouth)• Churning (stomach)• Segmentation (small intestine)
Lymphvessel
Absorption
• Swallowing (oropharynx)• Peristalsis (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
Small intestineLargeintestine
Defecation Anus
Feces
Mainly H2O
Bloodvessel