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Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

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Page 1: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-3b

TECHNIQUE

Pair of homologousreplicated chromosomes

Centromere

Sisterchromatids

Metaphasechromosome

5 µm

Page 2: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-7-1Interphase

Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell

Chromosomesreplicate

Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with

replicated chromosomes

Page 3: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-7-2Interphase

Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell

Chromosomesreplicate

Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with

replicated chromosomes

Meiosis I

Homologouschromosomesseparate

1

Haploid cells withreplicated chromosomes

Page 4: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-7-3Interphase

Homologous pair of chromosomesin diploid parent cell

Chromosomesreplicate

Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sisterchromatids Diploid cell with

replicated chromosomes

Meiosis I

Homologouschromosomesseparate

1

Haploid cells withreplicated chromosomes

Meiosis II

2 Sister chromatidsseparate

Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

Page 5: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase ITelophase I and

CytokinesisProphase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and

Cytokinesis

Centrosome(with centriole pair)

Sisterchromatids Chiasmata

Spindle

Homologouschromosomes

Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Centromere(with kinetochore)

Metaphaseplate

Microtubuleattached tokinetochore

Sister chromatidsremain attached

Homologouschromosomesseparate

Cleavagefurrow

Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells

forming

Page 6: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Metaphase I

Fig. 13-8a

Prophase I Anaphase I Telophase I andCytokinesis

Centrosome(with centriole pair)

Sisterchromatids Chiasmata

Spindle

Homologouschromosomes

Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Centromere(with kinetochore)

Metaphaseplate

Microtubuleattached tokinetochore

Sister chromatidsremain attached

Homologouschromosomesseparate

Cleavagefurrow

Page 7: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8b

Prophase I Metaphase I

Centrosome(with centriole pair)

Sisterchromatids Chiasmata

Spindle

Centromere(with kinetochore)

Metaphaseplate

Homologouschromosomes

Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Microtubuleattached tokinetochore

Page 8: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8c

Anaphase ITelophase I and

Cytokinesis

Sister chromatidsremain attached

Homologouschromosomesseparate

Cleavagefurrow

Page 9: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8d

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II andCytokinesis

Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells

forming

Page 10: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8e

Prophase II Metaphase II

Page 11: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-8f

Anaphase IITelephase II and

Cytokinesis

Sister chromatidsseparate Haploid daughter cells

forming

Page 12: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-11-3

Possibility 1 Possibility 2

Two equally probablearrangements ofchromosomes at

metaphase I

Metaphase II

Daughtercells

Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4

Page 13: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-12-1Prophase Iof meiosis

Pair ofhomologs

Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis

Page 14: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-12-2Prophase Iof meiosis

Pair ofhomologs

Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis

Chiasma

CentromereTEM

Page 15: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-12-3Prophase Iof meiosis

Pair ofhomologs

Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis

Chiasma

Centromere

Anaphase I

TEM

Page 16: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-12-4Prophase Iof meiosis

Pair ofhomologs

Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis

Chiasma

Centromere

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

TEM

Page 17: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-12-5Prophase Iof meiosis

Pair ofhomologs

Nonsisterchromatidsheld togetherduring synapsis

Chiasma

Centromere

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Daughtercells

Recombinant chromosomes

TEM

Page 18: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-5Key

Haploid (n)Diploid (2n)

Haploid gametes (n = 23)

Egg (n)

Sperm (n)

MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION

Ovary Testis

Diploidzygote(2n = 46)

Mitosis anddevelopment

Multicellular diploidadults (2n = 46)

Page 19: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-9a

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

MEIOSIS I

Prophase I

Chiasma

Chromosomereplication

Homologouschromosomepair

Chromosomereplication

2n = 6

Parent cell

Prophase

Replicated chromosome

Metaphase Metaphase I

Anaphase ITelophase I

Haploid n = 3

Daughter cells ofmeiosis I

MEIOSIS II

Daughter cells of meiosis II

nnnn

2n2n

Daughter cellsof mitosis

AnaphaseTelophase

Page 20: Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome 5 µm

Fig. 13-9b

SUMMARY

MeiosisMitosisProperty

DNAreplication

Number ofdivisions

Occurs during interphase beforemitosis begins

One, including prophase, metaphase,anaphase, and telophase

Synapsis ofhomologouschromosomes

Does not occur

Number ofdaughter cellsand geneticcomposition

Two, each diploid (2n) and geneticallyidentical to the parent cell

Role in theanimal body

Enables multicellular adult to arise fromzygote; produces cells for growth, repair,and, in some species, asexual reproduction

Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins

Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, andtelophase

Occurs during prophase I along with crossing overbetween nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmatahold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion

Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomesas the parent cell; genetically different from the parentcell and from each other

Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by halfand introduces genetic variability among the gametes


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