Field Survey Report on Earthquake Field Survey Report on Earthquake Tsunami Disaster of Indian OceanTsunami Disaster of Indian Ocean

~ Sri Lanka, Jan.4 - 6, 2005 ~

Dr. T.Tomita, PARI

Prof. Y.Kawata, DPRI, Kyoto Univ.

Prof. F.Imamura, Tohoku Univ.

Dr. T.Arikawa, PARI

Dr. T.Yasuda, DPRI, Kyoto Univ.

Locatgion of Epicenter and BathymetLocatgion of Epicenter and Bathymetry datary data

USGS: U.S. Geological SurveyHav: Harvard Univ.

Historical tsunami occurred in the Historical tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean Indian Ocean （ Solov'iev and Go, 197

5 ）DATE LAT LON M m

1797/ 2/10 0.0°N 99.0°E 8.0 3.0

1833/11/24 2.5°N 100.5°E 8.3 2.5

1843/ 1/ 5 1.5°N 98.0°E 7.3 2.0

1861/ 2/16 1.0°N 97.5°E 8.5 3.0

1907/ 1/ 4 1.5°N 97.0°E 7.5 2.0

2004/12/26 3.316°N 95.854°E 9.0 4.0

Survey LocationsSurvey Locations

Hikkaduwa

WeligamaKoggala

GalleDodanduwa

Ambalangoda

BeruwalaPaiyagala

Pana dulaMoratuwa

Colombo

South-West of Sri Lanka Island

Jan. 4Jan. 4

Jan. 5Jan. 5

Jan. 6Jan. 6

4.93.7-9.33.9-6.04.0

4.1-10.0

4.7

2.4-4.8 6.0

5.63.8-4.4

(2)

Galle BayGalle Bay

At first, the tide ebbed until buoy where the water depth is around 10-12m.Then, tsunami which height was 7m came into the bay.

Cottage owner testified:

BuoyGallePort

Galle PortGalle Port

3.33 2.24

190.0m

3.042.70

1.70

5.28m6.03m

The ship was launched on the quay.

2.61 2.53

68.0m

2.18

4.79mCompletely damaged

Road

Sand on Roof is left

Eastern coastEastern coast from from GaGalllele PPortort (1) (1)

Sand on the roof wasn’t flushed by tsunami

View 1

view 1

2.61

0.63

3.24m Few damage

Road

Eastern coastEastern coast from from GaGalllele PPortort (2) (2)View 2

View 2

Galle FortGalle Fort

Most area was survived.

Galle CentralGalle Central

1.63

32.0m

2.30

3.93m

River

0.9

1.44

24.0m

3.88m

1.62

3.002.26

3.80m

2.36

RoadBridge

3.90m

Dodanduwa (1)Dodanduwa (1)

View 1

View 1

420 fishing boats damaged in this residential area.

Dodanduwa (2)Dodanduwa (2)

previous slide

View 2

View 2

Guide rail was broken

sea

Two persons who rode on the motorcycle were washed away on the bridge by the tsunami.

Akurala (1)Akurala (1)Splashed dead leaf

RoadBeach

Railway

1.97m 1.69m

Washed train

64m

188m0.89m

9.15m

10.04m

228m

The train floated and was washed away.

Akurala (2)Akurala (2)

view 1

view 1

RoadBeach

1.4m

142m

4.38m

0.08m

Ambalangoda (1)Ambalangoda (1)

50m

3.22m

4.72m

Beach

Houses

Road

Ambalangoda (2)Ambalangoda (2)

View 2

Railway

sea

View 1View 1

View 3

View 3

View 2

Estuary

Hikkaduwa Fishery HarbourHikkaduwa Fishery Harbour

Wharf

No damage for the buildings

Tsunami trace on the 2nd floor

65 fishery boats were damaged in the port.

View 1

View 1

7m

4.73m

Beruwala Fishery HarbourBeruwala Fishery Harbour

No damaged facilities

1.0m1.58m

Wharf

6m

2.35m

Harbour entrance is narrow.

Pana duraPana dura

86m

24mRubble moundbreakwaters

Broken roof

Floor of shed is broken by the tsunami lift force.

Shed

Seawall was damaged.

3.34m

5.59m

Houses made by brick or block were collapsed.

Houses made by concrete were less damaged.

Survey results of Tsunami heightSurvey results of Tsunami height

5.0m

GOSL planning of restorationGOSL planning of restoration

0m 100m 300m 1000m

I II IIISea

I. No constructionsII. Only permit constructions (e.g. hotels)III. Construction allowed with the permission of UDA

GOSL also considers 3m elevation contour line.

Tsunami simulation by DRS, DPRITsunami simulation by DRS, DPRIGoverning Equation Linear Shallow Water Theory in Spherical Coordinate SystemSpatial Grid Size 30 arc secondTemporal Grid Size 1.8 sBathymetry Data ETOPO2Computational Domain SE(77°52'E, 10°24'S)-

NW(111°12'E, 22°56'N)Seismic Deformation Yamanaka(2004)Computed Time 6 hrs

Fault Parameter (Yamanaka, 2004)N E Strike Slip2.5° 95.25° 330° 90°L W560 km 150 km

Depth17.387 km

Dip8°

Dislocation13.9 m

Calculated Calculated Tsunami Tsunami waveformwaveform

1.0m

1.5mOutput points

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

I'd like to send my deepest condolences to all victims.