field measurement methodologies for synchronization in mobile

1 © 2012 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.

Field Measurement Methodologies for

Synchronization in Mobile Networks

Neil Hobbs

Director EMEA Technical Sales Support

2 © 2012 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 2 © 2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved..

The Challenge…

Traditional frequency (Mbps/MHz/SyncE) sync

“just works”

BUT Frequency alone for future is not enough

3 © 2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved..

Four Major Business Pressures


Four Major Technology Transformations

2000 2005 2010 2015

VoLTE

LTE Deployment

Ethernet Backhaul

Converged IP Transport


Mobile Network Technology Progression

GSM IS-95

W-CDMA LTE LTE-A

TDD

FDD

2G 3G 4G

Multi-carrier Single-carrier (Interference coordination)

Single-carrier (Multi-cell transmission)

Time/phase synchronization

• Higher peak throughput requirement -> wider band -> single frequency

• Multi-cell transmission to increase cell edge throughput

• Time/phase synchronization with tighter requirements


Key Challenges

› Latency & Jitter (FDV/PDV) in the backhaul network › Transport Qos impacts Sync quality

› Sync over PTP/1588v2

› Latency & Jitter (FDV/PDV) In the fronthaul › Sync transported over CPRI* and is impacted by latency and jitter

› * CPRI = Common Public Radio Interface (2.4G/3.0G)

› Strict LTE Broadcast Sync requirements using MBSFN/E-MBMS* › Frequency, phase and content sync

› * MBSFN = Multi-Broadcast Single Frequency Network

› *E-MBMS = Enhanced-Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services

› Small Cell rollout › Interference management schemes like eICIC* or CoMP * require very tight synchronization to ensure proper handoffs in an indoor environment

› * eICIC = Enhanced InterCell Interference Coordination (freq & power management)

› * CoMP = Coordinated MultiPoint (synchronized beam forming)


Options to Deliver Time/Phase Synch

›GNSS (impediments to solve):

› Interference vulnerability

› Availability (in-doors, urban canyons, etc.)

› Local oscillator quality

› Need for absolute calibration

› Impedance-matching antenna cables

› Cost

›IEEE 1588v2 (impediments to solve):

› Focus of this presentation


Typically More than One Organization

Demarc

2G/3G/LTE

MNO

Router/switch

BH provider

CSG

MEN or MPLS

BH provider

MSOG

MNO

Router/switch

Controller

(BSC/RNC/A-GW)

Demarc

Cell Site

Mobile Switch Office

GM

Radio

node

Mobile Network Operator

Metro Ethernet Network Provider


Mobile Network Transport and 1588v2

› Multi-class traffic over the access network

› Inter-mixing with other customer traffic over the MEN or

MPLS carrier

› Result:

› Impact of delay variation on synchronization quality

Demarc

2G/3G/LT

E

MNO

Router/switch

BH provider

CSG

MEN or MPLS

BH provider

MSOG

MNO

Router/switch

Controller

(BSC/RNC/A-GW)

Demarc

Cell Site


PRC (Frequency)

SyncE

1588v2

GM Radio

node

PRTC

(Frequency/Time/Phase)


Field Measurement Methodologies

› Service Activation

› New site/equipment integration

› New/additional synchronization

› Troubleshooting

› Basic troubleshooting

› Advanced troubleshooting


Y.1564 Testing for New Site

Demarc

2G/3G/LT

E

MNO

Router/switch

BH provider

CSG

MEN or MPLS

BH provider

MSOG

MNO

Router/switch

Controller

(BSC/RNC/A-GW)

Demarc

Cell Site


1588v2

GM Radio

node

Probe

Field Portable

Phase 2: Service Performance Test

Objective: Validate the QoS of each defined service

and the conformity of the SLA.

Methodology: All services are generated at once to their CIR, and all KPIs are measured for all services.

Phase 1: Service Configuration Test (Ramp Test)

Objective: Validate the network configuration of each defined service (rate limiting, traffic shaping and QoS)

Methodology: For each service, a ramp test is used to gradually reach and exceed the CIR. All KPIs are measured against a threshold.

PRTC



Y.1564 Phase 1 for PTP

Primarily to find configuration errors on network devices for PTP traffic treatment

Ramp repeated for each service

CIR

CIR

+ EIR

Phase 1: Service Configuration Test

Objective: Validate the network configuration of each defined services(rate limiting, traffic shaping and QoS).

Methodology: For each service, a ramp test is used to gradually reach and exceed the CIR. All KPIs are measured against a threshold.

~ 1 minute per service


Y.1564 Phase 2 for PTP

Primarily used to identify any effects of

peak traffic on PTP

Phase 2: Service Performance Test

Objective: Validate the quality of service of each defined service and prove SLA conformance.

Methodology: All services are generated at once to their CIRs, and all KPIs are measured for all services.

5 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s

2.5 Mbit/s

From 30 sec, can be extended for long-term tests


1588 Client Emulation

Demarc

2G/3G/LT

E

MNO

Router/switch

BH provider

CSG

MEN or MPLS

BH provider

MSOG

MNO

Router/switch

Controller

(BSC/RNC/A-GW)

Demarc

Cell Site


1588v2

GM Radio

node

Field Portable

15 ppb 1 ppb

G.823

Traffic G.823

Sync

MTIE

100µ

s

10µs

1µs

100ns

10ns

18µs

2µs

100ms 1s 10s 100s 1,000s 10,000s 100,000

s

Frequency accuracy and stability produced by the

client:

›Look at the frequency output signal of the

client (2MHz, E1)

“Traditional Analysis”

›Analyze TDEV to quantify stability of the output

signal

›Analyze MTIE to identify frequency offset

and/or frequency drift

PRTC



Troubleshooting

1588v2 client testing

• Ability to measure client performance along the path

• Measure TDEV

• Measure MTIE

Grand Master emulation

• Connectivity testing for PRTC

• Connectivity testing with test clients

Y.1564 testing between GM and (e)nodeB

• Bi-directional versus uni-directional

• PTP profile test with other traffic classes for performance testing


Grand Master Emulation

Demarc

2G/3G/LT

E

MNO

Router/switch

BH provider

CSG

MEN or MPLS

BH provider

MSOG

MNO

Router/switch

Controller

(BSC/RNC/A-GW)

Demarc

Cell Site

Mobile Switch Office 1588v2

GM Radio

node

Field Portable

From emulated GM:

• Validate PRTC connectivity

• Validate cell site client connectivity

Probe

GM (emulator)

PRTC



Practical Field Testing Challenges

3. Physical Connectivity

• Reference signal

• Test Signal (Freq)

• Test Signal (PTP)

1. Power (AC and/or DC)

• test device/s

• laptop

2. Test Reference Signal

• GPS

• PRC/SSU/SEC/Transport


Field Testing Challenges

4. Data Connectivity

• IP address & subnet

• Gateway

• VLANS

• GM details

5. Knowledge &

Understanding

• Interpreting results

• Pass v Fail

• Troubleshooting


1588/PTP Turn-up Applications

Service Turn-up:

1. Verify Ethernet Service SLA

1. EtherSAM test (can have 1 stream configured

to emulate PTP stream)

2. Turn-up PTP client (slave)

1. Verify connectivity to GM

2. Verify CQL

3. Verify key performance indicators and alarms

Carrier

Ethernet

Network

CESR/NID

PTP

GrandMaster

eNode B

Node B

ENNI

CESR

PTP Slave

GPS

Bi-directional

EtherSAM

http://networkinstruments.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/picture1.png






Field Test Applications

Establish link with GM

Measure K.P.M.

Verify Clock quality levels

Report PTP Alarms

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ptp+slave&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Ll5nB8KthyQN0M&tbnid=jF9rxPH6lO2DjM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.ipinfusion.com/products/zebos/protocols/carrier-ethernet/timing-and-synchronization&ei=Wt8aUfPJIqSryQHzw4CIDw&bvm=bv.42261806,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNErcisPm7lmMmLuPm3mZe-vQxPslg&ust=1360801766998029


Conclusions

› Time/phase synchronization via packet networks is essential.

› Sub 1 us synchronization requirement hard to achieve.

› Initial radio network OAM capabilities will be limited.

› Field portable tools are essential to accelerate deployment and troubleshooting.

field measurement methodologies for synchronization in mobile

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