ficción y fotografía en el siglo xix, carmen cabrejas almena

Upload: mkapmev

Post on 06-Apr-2018

229 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    1/16

    AT Jfocybzf Aowbyoejafoek

    Dajjao q dfwfcye

    dajjao bo k

    Dbjne gb jfojkrzao= ec

    b Nazwfyae gb ke Dfwfcyede/ Xnf

    / Jey`bo Jeiybmez Ek`boe

    de bo bk zackf ^A^/ Wyb

    e dfwfcyede gbja`fo

    zwf gb 9881

    f`rzbr`+ ]eyerw}

    z rzfz gb ke

    oaje/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    2/16

    5

    DAJJAO Q DFWFCYEDE BO BK ZACKF ^A^/

    Wybz rzfz gb ke dajjao bo ke dfwfcyede gbja`fooaje/

    @/ Jey`bo Jeiybmez Ek`boe

    Dbjne gb jfojkrzao= ecfzwf gb 9881

    AT Jfocybzf Aowbyoejafoek gb Nazwfyae gb ke Dfwfcyede

    2 ek 3 gb gajab`iyb gb 9881

    Xnfwf`rzbr`+ ]eyerw}

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    3/16

    9

    DAJJAO Q DFWFCYEDE BO BK ZACKF ^A^/

    Wybz rzfz gb ke dajjao bo ke dfwfcyede gbja`fooaje5/

    Ybzr`bo= Ke dfwfcyede gbk ^A^ of drb oaje`bowb bzxbmf gb ke tbygeg oa ro

    xyfjbga`abowf gb ybcazwyf `bjoajf gb ke ybekageg/ Bo bkke+ wrtf cyeo a`xfyweojae ke

    dajjao jf`f bkb`bowf wjoajf+ jybewatf b agbfkcajf+ xybzbowb bo gatbyzez

    `eoadbzwejafobz jfo gazwaowfz rzfz q tekfybz+ gb kfz urb zb eoeka}eo e jfowaorejao wybz=

    ke ybdkb~ao zfiyb ke agbowageg+ ke aowbyxybwejao gb ke nazwfyae q ke ekwbyageg zfjaek/

    Xekeiyez jketb= Dfwfcyede+ zackf A^+ dajjao+ ybekaz`f bo dfwfcyede/

    Ke nazwfyafcyede gf`aoeowb nezwe ke dbjne ofz gajb urb ke dfwfcyede drb jfojbiage bo

    zrz fycbobz jf`f ro aozwyr`bowf gb ke Tbygeg/ Zr ybekaz`f dfy`ek aonbybowb+ gbiagf e

    zr xyfjbzf gb xyfgrjjao .ek erwf`ewaz`f gb zr cobzaz wjoaje+ bo xekeiyez gb

    Xnakaxxb Grifaz9!+ zb ne zbekegf roe q fwye tb} gbzgb zrz aoajafz jf`f zr xyaojaxek .q

    e tbjbz oajf! tekfy+ kkbceogf aojkrzf e jfozagbyey jf`f roe wyeajao e ke zrxrbzwe

    bzbojae gb ke dfwfcyede kez bzjezez xyjwajez urb wyezwfjeieo bzwb ybekaz`f e kez urb

    wyegajafoek`bowb zb neie xybzwegf ewbojao .droge`bowek`bowb+ bk xajwfyaekaz`f gb

    daoekbz gbk zackf ^A^!/ Xeybjb urb zfkf bo bk zackf ^^+ wyez bk a`xejwf gb kez

    teocreygaez+ ke dfwfcyede zb aogbxboga} gb bzwe fikacejao gb ybxyfgrjay ke ybekageg+

    xbyf oaje`bowb bo bk je`xf eywzwajf/

    Zao b`ieycf+ bk eokazaz gb kez drbowbz+ q zfiyb wfgf+ kez a`cbobz gb ke xfje ofz gajb

    kf jfowyeyaf/ Ke dajjao+ jf`f `eoaxrkejao+ dekzadajejao f ekbme`abowf gb ke ybekageg+

    bzwrtf xybzbowb jf`f jfojbxwf q jf`f dejwfy gb jybejao bo ke dfwfcyede gbzgb zrz

    fycbobz+ bo gatbyzez `eoadbzwejafobz dfwfcydajez q jfo gadbybowbz rzfz q drojafobz urbb~jbgbo bk `rogf gb ke dfwfcyede jf`f eywb .xyjwajez zfjaekbz jf`f kfz weikber~

    tateowz q fwyez bzjboadajejafobz gf`zwajez< ybkacafzez+ jf`f kfz b~tfwfz< xfkwajez4+x/ 51/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    4/16

    :

    Wyegajafoek`bowb+ kfz nazwfyaegfybz gb ke dfwfcyede of neo xybzwegf gb`ezaege ewbojao

    e ke `eqfye gb bzwez `eoadbzwejafobz+ jfozagbyogfkez bo `rjnfz jezfz `byfz

    bowybwboa`abowfz+ q fitaeogf zr eokazaz bo ke nazwfyae cbobyek gb ke dfwfcyede+

    xrikajeogf fjezafoek`bowb ekcroe a`ecbo eazkege+ jfo ro jeyjwby jeza eobjgwajf/

    Btagbowb`bowb+ cyeo xeywb gb bzwez xyjwajez gb dajjao wabobo ro jeyjwby `aofyaweyaf

    ybzxbjwf e ke xyfgrjjao gb a`cbobz gfjr`bowekbz f iezegez bo kez xfzaiakagegbz

    ybekazwez gbk `bgaf+ urb zrxrzabyfo ke `eqfy xeywb gb ke xyfgrjjao dfwfcydaje gbk zackf

    ^A^+ q bz kcajf xbozey urb bo kfz xya`byfz `f`bowfz gb ke nazwfyae gb ke dfwfcyede+

    roe gazjaxkaoe wfgete mftbo+ kfz eokazaz zb neqeo jbowyegf bo eifygey kez xyjwajez

    `eqfyaweyaez+ wye}eogf roe nazwfyae cbobyek/ Xbyf+ eteo}egf qe bk bzwrgaf gb ke

    dfwfnazwfyae+ bo kez gfz kwa`ez gjegez neo agf exeybjabogf wb~wfz urb dameo zr ewbojao

    bo fwyf waxf gb b~xbyabojaez+ urb tabobo e jf`xkbwey ez ke tazao urb wbob`fz gb ke

    dfwfcyede bo bk zackf gb zr oeja`abowf:/

    Gb bowyb bzwez teyaegez `eoadbzwejafobz+ zb eoeka}eo e jfowaorejao iybtb`bowb wybz

    `fgekagegbz+ urb gbzwejeo xfy zr zacoadajejao q taojrkejao jfo xyjwajez dfwfcydajez

    xfzwbyafybz+ q xfyurb bo bkkez ke dajjao exeybjb of zfkf jf`f bkb`bowf jybewatf bo ro

    zbowagf eywzwajf+ zaof jf`f jf`xfobowb aowbojafoek b agbfkcajf= ke dajjao jf`f

    b~xybzao gb ke agbowageg xbyzfoek e wyetz gbk ybwyewf+ ke dajjao jf`f ybjybejao gb ke

    Nazwfyae+ q ke dajjao jf`f jfozwyrjjao gb ke a`ecbo gbk Fwyf/

    5/ Ke dajjao gbk zrmbwf= ke dajjao bo bk ybwyewf/

    Bk ybwyewf ne zagf jfojbiagf wyegajafoek`bowb jf`f ro cobyf iezegf bo ke

    ybxyfgrjjao b~ejwe gbk xeybjagf dzajf .eo jreogf kfz nazwfyaegfybz gbk eywb zf`fz

    jfozjabowbz gbk cyegf gb jfozwyrjjao urb neq xybzbowb bo ke `eqfye gb kfz ybwyewfz urb

    bzwrgae`fz!+ jfogajao urb xeybjb b~ejbyieyzb jreogf zb nejb ybdbybojae ek ybwyewfdfwfcydajf/ Bzwb zb jfojaib jf`f xyrbie+ jf`f nrbkke gb ke xbyzfoe ybwyewege cyejaez e

    : Ekcrofz gb kfz wb~wfz `z aowbybzeowbz zfiyb bzwb waxf gb `eoadbzwejafobz zfo kfz zacrabowbz= IEMEJ+Urbowao+ Weikber~ Tateowz/ Deoweazabz xnfwfcyexnaurbz tajwfyaboobz .5>78-5>>8!+ Xeyz+ Yroafo gbz`rzbz oewafoer~+ 5111< JNYFR^+ Jk`bow + Kbz yjyewafoz xnfwfcyexnaurbz/ Ro yxbywfayb gbdfy`bz xfry kbz eteow-ceygbz+ bo wrgbz xnfwfcyexnaurbz+ o 2+ oftab`iyb 511>< NBAKIYRO+ Dyeofaz+Frtyecbz gb ge`b= ro eyw iyrw eteow ke kbwwyb krzecb gb ke ifoob zfjaw+ boEkir` gb jfkkecbz gbkAockewbyyb tajwfyaboob+ Xeyz+ gawafoz gr Ybceyg+ Yroafo gbz `rzbz oewafoer~+ 5113< XERKA+ Kfya.bg/!+Ejwaoc wnb Xeyw/ Xnfwfcyexnq ez Wnbewyb+ Fwwese+ Oewafoek Cekkbyq fd Jeoege+ 9884/ Bo cbobyek+zfo droge`bowek`bowb erwfybz dyeojbzbz q eockfzemfobz kfz urb zb neo gbgajegf ek bzwrgaf gb bzwb waxf gb

    `eoadbzwejafobz+ ekcf kcajf za wbob`fz bo jrbowe urb ke gazjaxkaoe gb ke nazwfyae gb ke dfwfcyede bzw qeiezweowb gbzeyyfkkege bo bzwfz xezbz+ q jfowaoe eteo}eogf jfo ke aotbzwacejao gb bzwez xyjwajezwyegajafoek`bowb xfjf bzwrgaegez/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    5/16

    7

    zr xyftbyiaek ybekaz`f q e roe jeyejwbyzwaje xbjrkaey gbk xyfjbzf gb xyfgrjjao gb ke

    a`ecbo bo dfwfcyede= ke xbyzfoe ybwyewege ne gb bzwey .bzwrtf! aobtaweikb`bowb xybzbowb

    bo bk `f`bowf gb ke wf`e gb ke a`ecbo/ Zao b`ieycf+ ke dfwfcyede zrxrzf ro bkb`bowf

    urb wyeozdfy` xeye zab`xyb ke xyjwaje gbk ybwyewf+ q bo taywrg xybjaze`bowb gb bzb

    xfgby gb nejby xybzbowb ek ybwyewegf+ gb ceyeowa}eyofz zr b~azwbojae+ ke dfwfcyede eiya ke

    xrbywe e xyjwajez urb nejeo aoobjbzeyae ke ybxyfgrjjao gb kfz yezcfz dzajfz bo roe

    fiye xeye urb bzwe drbzb jfozagbyege ro ybwyewf= ybxybzbowejafobz gb bkb`bowfz xeyjaekbz

    gbk jrbyxf nr`eof .`eofz+ fmfz+ xabyoez///!+ dacryez trbkwez gb bzxekgez+ aojkrzf

    zf`iyez fybdkbmfz+ xrbikeo ke dfwfcyede gbzgb zrz fycbobz bo `fgekagegbz urb+ weowf

    xfy ke aowbojao gbk dfwcyedf jf`f gbk fgbkf xrbgbo zby jfozagbyegez ybwyewfz/

    Xfy fwyf kegf+ za ke ybxyfgrjjao gbk xeybjagf dzajf bye .q zacrb zabogf! a`xfyweowb bo bk

    ybwyewf dfwfcydajf gbzwaoegf ek aowbyje`iaf edbjwatf .bk bmb`xkf xeyegac`wajf bz bk

    ybkewf gb Yfkeog Ieywnbz ejbyje gb roe dfwfcyede `ewbyoe+ bmb gb ke wbfye b~xrbzwe bo

    Ke j`eye kjage+ xbyf zb jfozbyteo wbzwa`foafz za`akeybz gbzgb kfz aoajafz gb ke

    dfwfcyede7!+ f bo bk ybwyewf agbowadajewatf aozwawrjafoek .jrqf bxwf`b bz ke eowyfxf`bwye

    gb Ekxnfozb Ibywakkfo!+ of kf bye ez bo fwyez `fgekagegbz gb ybwyewf+ gbzgb bk ybwyewf

    eywzwajf+ gfogb ke ybxybzbowejao urbgeie zrxbgawege e ke izurbge gb ke ibkkb}e+ nezwe

    bk ybwyewf gb zfjabgeg+ urb bo ke `eqfye gb kfz jezfz zb iezeie bo ke jfozwyrjjao gb

    roe gbwby`aoege a`ecbo xbyzfoek gbzwaoege e bxewey xikaje`bowb/ Zrycbo ez `kwaxkbz

    jkezbz gb ybwyewf dfwfcydajf gfogb ke `eoaxrkejao+ ke bzjboadajejao+ bo gbdaoawate+ ke

    dajjao+ zfo droge`bowekbz/

    E xeyway gb 5>27+ jfo ke aotbojao gb ke weymbwe gb tazawe q ke ybxyfgrjwaiakageg urb

    ceyeowa}eie bk `wfgf gbk jfkfgao n`bgf+ bk ybwyewf dfwfcydajf xez gb zby ro fimbwf

    b`aobowb`bowb xyategf e zby ro bkb`bowf gb aowbyje`iaf zfjaek/ Gbzgb bzb `f`bowf+ qjf`f fjryyb zab`xyb urb bk nf`iyb zb xybzbowe bo zfjabgeg+ zb aowyfgrmf bo bk ybwyewf

    7 Eonbkf xfzbby ro ybjfygewfyaf ez gb wfgfz kfz zbybz urb `b zfo urbyagfz bo bk `rogf/ Of bz zkf kezb`bmeo}e kfxybjafzf bo wekbz jezfz+ zaof ke ezfjaejao q ke zbozejao gb xyf~a`ageg .///! Bk nbjnf urb kezf`iye `az`e gb ke xbyzfoe bzw ekk damege xeye zab`xyb `b xeybjb ke zeowadajejao `az`e gb kfz ybwyewfz+q of `b xeybjb `fozwyrfzf+ xbzb e kez xyfwbzwez tbnb`bowbz gb `az nby`eofz+ xbozey urb xybdbyaye wbobyro ybjfygewfyaf ez gb ekcrabo e urabo e` bowyeeikb`bowb eowbz urb ke fiye gb eywb `z ofikb me`zxyfgrjage/ Jeywe gb Bka}eibwn Ieyybww e @eyq Yrzzbkk @awdfyg+ dbjnege bo 5>7:< jawegf bo OEYEOMF+Mreo+ Bk ybwyewf bo Bryfxe= gbk ybcazwyf gb ke `b`fyae e ke dajjao+ boYbwyewfz/ Dfwfcyede bzxefke+5>7>-5112+ Ieyjbkfoe+ Drogejao Jea~e gb Jewekre+ 5114+ x/ :4/ Bz roe agbe urb we`iao exeybjb bo ke

    kawbyewrye gb ke xfje .tezb bk xfb`e Yekaz`b gb Zrkkq Xyfrgnf``b+ jawegf xfy FYWBK Xnakaxxb+Kekawwyewryb kyb gb ke xnfwfcyexnab/ Bourwb zry roe ytfkrwafo aotazaikb+ Oa`bz+ Mejurbkaob Jne`ifo+9889+ x/ :7!/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    6/16

    2

    dfwfcydajf ke agbe gb ejwrejao+ bk gbzbf gb exeybowey+ q jfo bkkfz+ gatbyzfz ybjryzfz gb

    `fgadajejao gb ke ybekageg .ybwfurbz+ rzf gbk dkfr///! q dajjao/ Xfy bmb`xkf+ jfo ke

    kkbcege gbk ybwyewf gb zfjabgeg+ bo kfz bzwrgafz gb wfgf bk `rogf zb `rkwaxkajeyfo kfz

    dfyakkfz q ewyb}}fz+ aowyfgrjagfz w`age`bowb bo kfz bzweikbja`abowfz `z krmfzfz bo ke

    gjege gb 5>78+ xbyf urb gbzgb `bgaegfz gb kfz efz jaojrbowe+ q zfiyb wfgf bo ke

    gjege zacrabowb+ jfotaywabyfo kfz bzwrgafz bo ek`ejbobz gb ejjbzfyafz gb wbewyf2/ Ke

    taojrkejao bowyb dfwfcyede q wbewyf bye `rq drbywb bo ke xfje+ bzxbjaek`bowb bo bk

    cobyf gbk ybwyewf/ Of zfke`bowb kez bzwyrjwryez q jfogajafobz gb akr`aoejao byeo `rq

    za`akeybz e kez gb ro bzjboeyaf+ zaof urb ke xybzbojae gb gbjfyegfz+ ke xfzaiakageg gb

    za`rkey bdbjwfz ew`fzdyajfz q bk xyfxaf xyfjbzf gb ybeka}ejao gbk ybwyewf .bk zrmbwf

    zawregf bo ke weya`e eowb ro gbjfyegf+ ke a`xfyweojae gbk xfzegf+ ke cbzwrekageg+ ke

    b~xybzao jfyxfyek///! ezb`bmeieo ke wf`e gb ro ybwyewf e ke ybxybzbowejao gb ro xexbk/

    Of bo teof+ `rjnfz gb kfz xyfdbzafoekbz gb ke dfwfcyede bo bk zackf ^A^ xyftboeo gbk

    `rogf gbk wbewyf+ ekcrofz gb bkkfz jf`f ejwfybz .Gazgya f Ybmkeogby bowyb fwyfz+ ekcf

    urb fjryyb we`iao jfo ekcrofz gb kfz `z gbzwejegfz ybxybzboweowbz gb ke dajjao

    dfwfcydaje xfzwbyafy+ jf`f Jkergb Jenro f Qezr`eze @fya`rye!+ q of neo zagf xfjfz

    kfz wbyajfz gb ke dfwfcyede urb neo ybzekwegf ke ybkejao gb zwe jfo ke xyjwaje wbewyek q

    xfzwbyafy`bowb jfo bk gbzeyyfkkf gbxbydfy`eojbz4/

    Ejwawrgbz jfgadajegez q gbjfyegfz bzwbybfwaxegfz+ aojkrzf bk rzf gb gazdyejbz+ wboeo

    jf`f daoekageg jfozwyray roe a`ecbo xeye xybzbowey bo zfjabgeg/ Xbyf of zfkf gb

    ybjryzfz wbewyekbz zb wyeweie/ Gbzgb iabo wb`xyeof zb tboeo geogf bo bk ybwyewf

    dfwfcydajf fwyf waxf gb ybjryzfz gb dajjao+ iezegfz bo `eoaxrkejafobz wjoajez+ urb

    xby`aweo gbzgfikey ek ybwyewegf+ ecyeogeykf f b`xburbbjbykf+ jfotbywaykf bo bzwewre+ f

    gbzjeib}eykf+ xfy jawey zfkf ekcrof gb kfz wyrjfz `z xfxrkeybz bo bk ybwyewf jf`byjaek/

    Wyrjfz f bowybwboa`abowfz3 urb+ jfo ke btfkrjao gb bzwb waxf gb ybwyewf xikajf+ drbyfo

    2 Ke b~xybzao bz gb Cazkb Dybrog .Ke dfwfcyede jf`f gfjr`bowf zfjaek+ Ieyjbkfoe+ Crzwetf Caka+ 5134+x/ 49! q nejb ybdbybojae ek bzwrgaf gbk dfwcyedf `z b~awfzf gbk AA A`xbyaf dyeojz b aotbowfy gbk dfy`ewfweymbwe gb tazawe+ Eogy-Egfkxnb-Brcob Gazgya .5>51-5>>1!/ Zfiyb kfz gbjfyegfz gb kfz bzwrgafz boybkejao jfo kfz gbjfyegfz wbewyekbz tezb FYWBK+ fx/ jaw/+ xx/ 7>-29< q ZECOB+ Mbeo+Kewbkaby gr

    xnfwfcyexnb .5>78-5178!+ Xeyz+ Xybzzb gb ke Yboeazzeojb+ 51>7+ xx/ 985-989/4 Teozb xfy bmb`xkf kfz wb~wfz gb Yfkeog IeywnbzKe j`eye kjage/ .Ofwe zfiyb ke dfwfcyede!+Ieyjbkfoe+ Xeagz+ 9883< f Mbdd Sekk+ @eylz fd Aogaddbybojb/ Ezxbjwz fd Xnfwfcyexnq ao+ fy ez+Jfojbxwrek Eyw+ bo CFKGZWBAO+ Eoo+ YFYA@BY+ Eoob+Ybjfozagbyaoc wnb Fimbjw fd Eyw= 5142-5132+Kfz Eocbkbz+ @rzbr` fd Jfowb`xfyeyq Eyw+ 5112+ xx/ 974-943< q bk jewkfcf bgawegf xfy Kfya Xerka+

    Ejwaoc wnb Xeyw/ Xnfwfcyexnq ez Wnbewyb+ fx/ jaw/3 Ke `eqfye gb bzwez xyjwajez zb jfozagbyeieo gatbywa`bowfz xyfxafz gbk ybwyewf jf`byjaek b aojkrzf gbkfz edajafoegfz .wek jf`f gb`rbzwyeo wb~wfz jf`fKbz Yjyewafoz Xnfwfcyexnaurbz+ gb Ibycbybw q

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    7/16

    4

    xezeogf gb `fgbkfz `z f `bofz aocborfz e ybxybzbowejafobz jege tb} `z

    zfyxybogbowbz q zfdazwajegez+ gbzwaoegez e bxewey ek taywrek ybjbxwfy gb kez dfwfcyedez+

    xyfkfocogfzb bzwb waxf gb ybwyewf nezwe kez xya`byez gjegez gbk zackf ^^/

    Ke dajjao zb aowyfgrmf ez bo bk ybwyewf dfwfcydajf xikajf+ urb drojafoeie jf`f ro

    bkb`bowf `z bo ke jfozwyrjjao gb ro yfk urb ybxybzbowey bo zfjabgeg/ Xbyf egb`z+

    jreogf ke j`eye zb jfotbywe bo ro aozwyr`bowf gb erwfb~xkfyejao+ ke dajjao exeybje

    we`iao jf`f `bgaf e wyetz gbk jrek `eoadbzwey bk qf `z xyfdrogf/ Kfz `az`fz

    ybjryzfz wbewyekbz q wjoajfz xrbikeo we`iao kfz erwfyybwyewfz q ybwyewfz owa`fz gbzgb

    kfz xya`byfz `f`bowfz gb b~azwbojae gb ke dfwfcyede/ Bo bzwfz jezfz of zb wyeweie qe gb

    exeybowey+ xrbz e `borgf ke jayjrkejao gb bzwez a`cbobz zb yb`awe e ro `iawf

    xyategf+ zaof gb wyeozdfy`eyzb+ kkbtegfz xfy roe objbzageg gb b~xybzao f

    erwfeday`ejao tazjbyek q xzajfkcaje .bk jezf xeyegac`wajf bz bk gb ke Jfogbze gb

    Jezwackafob+ 5>:2-5>11!+ xfy bk gbzbf gb gadbybojaeyzb gb ke aojaxabowb `eze zfjaek e

    wyetz gb `fgbkfz gb ybwyewf zaocrkeybz+ f gb gbzeyyfkkey roe dejbwe jybewate ek `eycbo

    gb ke keify gb kfz bzwrgafz jf`byjaekbz+ bo bk jezf gb kfz dfwcyedfz xyfdbzafoekbz/

    Gb bzwb `fgf+ dfwcyedfz q jkabowbz gb wfgf bk `rogf xfzeyfo eowb bk fimbwatf e kf keycf

    gbk ^A^ jeyejwbya}egfz f wyeozdfy`egfz gb gatbyzez dfy`ez+ egbkeoweogf ez roe

    xyjwaje urb zby `rq wyezjbogbowb bo ke dfwfcyede xfzwbyafy/ Oegey gazdye}egf jf`f

    aogaf e`byajeof .j/ 5>4:+ Kfz Eocbkbz Jfrowq @rzbr` fd Eyw! f Gazgya jf`f `akawey

    .j/ 5>2>+ Iaikafwnurb Oewafoekb gb Dyeojb! eowajaxeo ke ybdkb~ao zfiyb kfz yfkbz

    zfjaekbz q kfz `bgafz tazrekbz gb `ezez gb Jaogq Znby`eo< Ekkeao gb Wfyibjnbw

    .Erwfyybwyewf jf`f eywazwe+ j/ 5>48+ Iaikafwnurb Oewafoekb gb Dyeojb! f Tekyaf Tabaye

    . Kfz wybaowe Tekbyafz+ Iaikafwbje Oejafoek gb Iyezak+ 5185! `rkwaxkajegfz nezwe bk

    aodaoawf ofz ybjrbygeo e ke exeyajao ybxbwage gb Qezr`eze @fya`rye bo `rjnez gb zrzfiyez< kfz ybwyewfz jf`xrbzwfz `bgaeowb ybjfywbz q qr~wexfzajafobz gb a`cbobz

    zaytabyfo gb aozxayejao xeye kfz jfkkecbz gb ke teocreygae>+ ek acrek urb kez

    Gyfrao+ gb 5>15< fKe Xnfwfcyexnab yjyewatb bw deoweazazwb/ Ybjrbak gb gatbywazzb`bowz+ wyrjz+ xezzb-wb`xz xnfwfcyexnaurbz+ gb Jnexkfw+ gb 5187< q `rkwawrg gb eywjrkfz exeybjagfz bo ybtazwez+bzxbjaeka}egez q cbobyekbz+ gb wfgf bk `rogf!/ Zao b`ieycf+ jf`f zbekeo bzwrgafzfz jf`f UrbowaoIemej .boKb xnfwfcyexnb xnfwfcyexna= Kerwfxfywyeaw bo Dyeojb+ 5>28-5157+ Xeyz+ @eazfo bryfxbobgb ke Xnfwfcyexnab+ Zf`fcq+ 9887+ x/ 3>! q Jk`bow Jnyfr~ .Kbz yjyewafoz xnfwfcyexnaurbz/// fx/jaw/!+ zb wyewe gb xyjwajez urb wyezjabogbo bk zrxrbzwf ybekaz`f gb ke dfwfcyede q jrqfz xyfjbga`abowfz

    wjoajfz zbyo ybjfcagfz xfy kez teocreygaez/> Xeye ke jrbzwao gb kfz dfwf`fowembz xfxrkeybz jf`f drbowb gb aozxayejao xeye kfz gegezwez+ tezbEGBZ+ Geso+ Dfwf`fowemb+ Ieyjbkfoe+ Crzwetf Caka+ 9889+ xx/ 51-98/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    8/16

    3

    wyeozdfy`ejafobz gb gatbyzf waxf= gbzgb irzwfz gb `y`fk gb bzwwaje jkzaje .dac/ 5!+

    urb zrcbzwafoeyfo ek gegezwe Ieeycbkg .Wqxajek Tbywajek @bzz ez Gbxajwafo fd wnb Gege

    Ieeycbkg+ 5198+ @rzbr` fd @fgbyo Eyw fd Obs Qfyl+ dac/ 9!+ nezwe ke egajao gb

    xywbzaz .dekzez xabyoez q iye}fz! urb eowajaxeo aocbore`bowb kez ewybtagez

    dfwfxbydfy`eojbz gb Xabyyb @fkaoaby f Mrycbo Lkerlb/

    Bo Bzxee gbzweje bk jezf gbk dfwcyedf jeweko Xer Ergfreyg .5>24-5151! q zr

    zbyab gb erwfyybwyewfz gazdye}egf .urb eieyje ro xbyafgf gb wybaowe efz!< f ke jfkbjjao

    gb dfwfcyedez xyategez gbk namf gbk dfwcyedf Mreo Yftaye q Yra} gb Fzroe12/

    Dac/ 9/ Mfneoobz Ieeycbkg+ WqxajekTbywajek @bzz ez Gbxajwafo fd wnb Gege

    Ieeycbkg+ 5198/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    9/16

    >

    Zb wyewe xfy weowf gb a`cbobz bo kez urb+ `z ekk gb ke aocborageg gb kfz xya`byfz

    `f`bowfz gb b~xbya`bowejao jfo roe orbte wjoaje+ zb ybdkbme roe aourabwrg

    agbowaweyae q zfjaek jf`xeywage jfo bk eywb ejwrek+ q bo kez urb ke dajjao zb jfotabywb bo

    ro ybjryzf jfo bk urb ybdkb~afoey zfiyb ke jfogajao nr`eoe/

    9/ Ke dajjao gb ke Nazwfyae/

    Kez xfzaiakagegbz gb `eoaxrkejao q eywadajaf urb xby`awe bk orbtf `bgaf zb exkajeyfo

    xyfowf we`iao e ke aowbyxybwejao gb ke Nazwfyae+ bo gfz tbywabowbz gazwaowez= ke

    gbzjyaxjao gb kfz zrjbzfz xybzbowbz+ q ke ybjfozwyrjjao f a`ecaoejao gbk xezegf/

    Ybzxbjwf e kfz nbjnfz gbk xybzbowb+ ke dfwfcyede iyaogeie ro `bgaf zrxrbzwe`bowb agbek

    xeye ao`fyweka}ey fimbwate`bowb bzwfz zrjbzfz q gadrogaykfz ek `rogf/ Qe bo kfz efz

    jaojrbowe+ kfz dfwcyedfz zb edeoeieo bo akrzwyey kfz ejfowbja`abowfz `z a`xfyweowbz+

    bzxbjaek`bowb ke crbyye+ zrycabogf ez roe aojaxabowb dfwfcyede gfjr`bowek q gb

    ybxfywemb urb+ jf`f zeib`fz+ zby roe gb kez fjrxejafobz `z ejke`egez gb ke

    dfwfcyede/ Zao b`ieycf+ ke zrxrbzwe wyeozxeybojae gbk `bgaf fdybje wfgf waxf gb

    ybjryzfz+ `z f `bofz zrwakbz+ xeye roe ybxybzbowejao zrimbwate gb ke Nazwfyae+ jreogf

    of gbjagage`bowb xeye roe dekzadajejao/

    Kfz bmb`xkfz `bmfy jfofjagfz gb dajjao exkajege e ke oeyyejao gb ke Nazwfyae

    jfowb`xfyobe zb bojrbowyeo bo ke Jf`roe gb Xeyz= kfz dfwf`fowembz eowa-Jf`roe gb

    Brcob Exxbyw .5>:8-5187!+ xbyf we`iao kfz gb Xabyyb Nqxxfkawb Tertyeq .ejwatf

    bowyb 5>27 q 5>35!+ Iogajw .ejwatf gb 5>43 e 5>37!+ f Mrkbz Yergoaw} .5>52-5>39+ urb

    rwaka} dacryaobz `fgbkegfz xfy bk bzjrkwfy Nboobwaby xeye ke bkeifyejao gb zrz

    bzjboez1!/ Jf`xrbzwfz jfo ke aowbojao gb ybjfozwyray iemf bk zacof gb roe agbfkfcegbwby`aoege rofz nbjnfz urb ke dfwfcyede+ xfy kez gadajrkwegbz wjoajez gbk `f`bowf+

    of neie xfgagf exybzey+ bzwfz dfwf`fowembz of zfkf b~xybzeo ke dekwe gb fimbwatageg+ gb

    a`xeyjaekageg+ gb ke dfwfcyede+ jfowyegajabogf ke `~a`e iemf ke urb zb xybzboweye

    rofz efz `z weygb roe zbyab gb tfk`bobz akrzwyegfz dfwfcydaje`bowb zfiyb bzwb

    ejfowbja`abowf+ Xeyaz zfrz ke Jf``rob xey ro w`fao dagkb= ke xnfwfcyexnab .Xeyz

    1 Ke rwaka}ejao gb bzwb waxf gb dacryawez bye `rq jf`o bo ke dfwfcyede bzwbybfzjxaje gb ke xfje+ bo ke

    urb zb rwaka}eieo xeye ybxyfgrjay bzjboez jfo cyeogbz cyrxfz urb byeo a`xfzaikbz gb jexwey e we`ef ybekxfy ke dfwfcyede bo eurbkkfz `f`bowfz .xfy bmb`xkf+ bzjboez wbewyekbz!/ Nboobwaby neie akrzwyegf teyaezzbyabz wbewyekbz q `awfkcajez eowbz gb jfkeifyey jfo Yergoaw} bo zr zbyab eowa-Jf`roeKb Zeiiew yfrcb/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    10/16

    1

    iemf ke Jf`roe xfy ro wbzwacf dabk= ke dfwfcyede!58+ zaof urb egb`z b~xkfweieo

    jfozjabowb`bowb bk ybjryzf gb ke dajjao xeye xyfxfyjafoey zr aowbyxybwejao gb kfz

    nbjnfz ejebjagfz+ jfo`ftby ek xikajf q b~ejbyiey zr ybjne}f ek `fta`abowf

    ybtfkrjafoeyaf/

    Of zfo bzwfz kfz oajfz bmb`xkfz gb dfwf`fowembz f ybjybejafobz urb nejbo ybdbybojae e

    ke Nazwfyae jfowb`xfyobe .bo Bzxee gbzweje ke ybjfozwyrjjao gbk kbteowe`abowf gb

    Dby`o Zektfjnbe nbjne xfy Yedebk Yfjedrkk bo 5>4>< bo Awekae+ Jeykf Jewekga ybjybe

    bxazfgafz gbk Yazfyca`bowf< q bo Dyeojae zb xyfgrjbo dfwf`fowembz urb ybjybeo fwyfz

    ejfowbja`abowfz+ jf`f ke zekage gb Brcboae gb @fowamf q Kraz Dbkaxb gb Tbyzekkbz+ xfy

    jawey zfkf rofz jreowfz bmb`xkfz!+ f urb rwaka}eo gb ro `fgf r fwyf ke dajjao xeye ekrgay

    e kfz zrjbzfz q dacryez gb zr wab`xf .gryeowb bk ^A^ drbyfo dybjrbowbz kez jeyajewryez

    dfwfcydajez bo kez urb zb `eoaxrkeie ke a`ecbo gb kfz kgbybz `rogaekbz xeye bozek}ey f

    gbztaywrey zr xexbk xfkwajf+ dac/ :!+ xyjwajez urb xfzwbyafy`bowb zacrabyfo tacbowbz e

    wyetz gb eywazwez jf`f Mfno Nbeywdabkg .5>15-514>!+ bo zrz `fygejbz dfwf`fowembz xeye

    ke ybtazweEA].dacrye 7!+ jeyajewrya}eogf e kfz kgbybz gbk xeywagf oe}a/

    58 Zbyab gb 94 dezjjrkfz xrikajegfz bo 5>12 xfy Jneyeayb bw Jab/

    Dac/ :/ Dyeo} Rowbyibycby+ Wnybb iqDfry+ dfwf`fowemb jfo kez

    a`cbobz gbk Lazby Crakkby`f+Iaz`eyjl q Oexfkbo AAA+ j/ 5>38/

    Dac/ 7/ Mfno Nbeywdabkg+Egfkd bkzrxbynf`iyb+ wyece fyf q neike

    nfmekewe+ 51:9/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    11/16

    58

    Egb`z gbk gbzbf gb xybzbowey ke Nazwfyae jfowb`xfyobe iemf roe xwaje gbwby`aoege+

    ke dfwfcyede ezxay gbzgb `rq xyfowf e ro fimbwatf `rjnf `z rwxajf= dfwfcyedaey bk

    xezegf/ Of zb wyeweie oaje`bowb gb ke dfwfcyede eyurbfkcaje+ rwakageg urb neie zagf

    qe eorojaege xfy Eyecf bo ke xybzbowejao gbk aotbowf bo ke Ejegb`ae gb Jabojaez 55+

    zaof gb ao`fyweka}ey kfz nbjnfz gb wab`xfz xezegfz+ roe agbe xybzbowb bo bk a`ecaoeyaf

    jfkbjwatf gb ke xfje+ urb bo fjezafobz ewyaire e ke dfwfcyede `z dejrkwegbz gb kez urb

    bo ybekageg wboe59/ Za ke rwfxe gb dfwfcyedaey bk xezegf bye a`xfzaikb+ ke dfwfcyede

    bojfowy xyfowf ke `eobye gb wyebykf ek xybzbowb `bgaeowb bk je`aof gb ke dajjao/ Gbzgb

    ke ofzwekcae xybyyedebkawe q kez ezxayejafobz eywzwajez gbk xajwfyaekaz`f+ nezwe ke

    btfjejao gb ro xeyezf bywajf bo kez ybjfozwyrjjafobz gbk `rogf jkzajf gb Tfo

    Ckfbgbo q Xkrzjnfs+ xezeogf xfy kez ybjybejafobz gb nyfbz gbk xezegf ybeka}egez

    jf`f ybataogajejao oejafoekazwe f zfjaekazwe xfy gatbyzfz dfwcyedfz gb wfgf bk `rogf

    .jf`f bk bzxefk Krjez Dyeakb+ urb nejae 5>12 jf`xrzf ro dfwf`fowemb aozxayegf bo bk

    jregyf Kfz Jf`robyfz gb Eowfoaf Cazibyw+ jfo bk kgby zfjaekazwe Mrkao Ibzwbayf

    mrceogf bk yfk gb Mreo gb Xegakke!+ `rjnfz drbyfo kfz urb mrceyfo+ jfo gatbyzez

    aowbojafobz+ e ybaotbowey bk xezegf/

    Roe gb kez tbywabowbz `z b~xkfwegez gb ke ybjfozwyrjjao nazwyaje drb ke dfwfcyede

    jf`byjaek+ bo jfojybwf bo kfz dfy`ewfz gb ke bzwbybfcyede q ke weymbwe xfzwek/ Ek `eycbo

    gb kfz aowbybzbz jf`byjaekbz gb bzwb waxf gb bzjboez .urb jfodfy`eyfo ro krjyewatf

    obcfjaf gbzgb `bgaegfz gbk ^A^ nezwe iabo bowyegf bk zackf ^^!+ ekcrofz tabyfo bo

    bzwez ybjybejafobz nazwyajez rof gb kfz yfkbz `z bkbtegfz urb zb kb ewyaireo ek

    dfwcyedf bo ke xfje= roe drojao aozwyrjwate q zfjaek+ urb bozek}eie ke a`ecbo gbk

    dfwcyedf gbja`fooajf dybowb e kez jywajez obcewatez weo dybjrbowbz bo kfz xya`byfz

    `f`bowfz5:/ Kf aowbybzeowb of bz zfkf urb xeye bzwfz wbyajfz+ bk dfwcyedf+ jf`f

    ybjybegfy f jfozwyrjwfy gb ke nazwfyae xezege+ wboe ro xexbk a`xfyweowb urb jr`xkay bo

    55 Xeye jfxaey kfz `akkfobz q `akkfobz gb mbyfckdajfz urb jriybo+ bo bk b~wbyafy aojkrzf+ kfz cyeogbz`for`bowfz gb Wbiez+ gb @bodaz+ gb Leyoel+ bwj/ zb objbzaweyeo tbaowboez gb efz q kbcafobz gbgairmeowbz/ Jfo bk gecrbyyfwaxf+ ro zfkf nf`iyb xfgye kkbtey e irbo dao bzb wyeiemf ao`bozf+CFO]KB] YBQBYF+ Zrzeoe+Ke dfwfcyede bo ke eyurbfkfce bzxefke .5>48-5148!+ @egyag+ YbekEjegb`ae gb ke Nazwfyae+ Roatbyzageg Erwof`e gb @egyag+ 9884+ x/ 3:/59 Tezb FYWBK+ fx/ jaw/+ J/ ^A=Knf``b xnfwfcyexnaurb+ bo jfojybwf kfz exeywegfz Xnfwfcyexnab gbzwb`xz xezzbz+ xx/ ::5-:::+ q Xya`awataz`b+ xx/ :::-::>+ gfogb neike gb ke xybzbojae gb bzwe agbe bojabywfz bzjyawfybz+ jf`f Tajwfy Nrcf+ Dkeribyw+ Ya`ierg f Takkabyz gb kAzkb Ege`/5: Bk wb~wf gb Cbfycbz gExyb`fow+ Ofrtber~ nfya}foz xnfwfcyexnaurbz+ xrikajegf boKe Kr`ayb+TAAA+ o :1+ 92 zbxwab`iyb gb 5>2>+ bz xyfieikb`bowb rof gb kfz xya`byfz bo kfz urb zb xyfxfob bzwe

    drojao weo bkbtege xeye kfz dfwcyedfz q ke dfwfcyede+ xfy zr jexejageg gb gadrzao q jf`roajejao/ Bok+ eifce xfyurb kfz dfwcyedfz wabobo roe `azao jataka}egfye+ ke bgrjejao xfxrkey q ke `fyeka}ejaogb kez `ezez/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    12/16

    55

    ke zfjabgeg+ zaof urb egb`z bzweie kbcawa`egf xeye ay `z ekk gb ke jfxae gb ke

    ybekageg ao`bgaewe+ urb wyegajafoek`bowb zb kb ewyaire jf`f oaje drojao/

    :/ Ke dajjao gbk Fwyf/

    Xfy kwa`f+ roe jrbzwao gfogb ke dajjao bo dfwfcyede mrbce ro a`xfyweowb xexbk

    jybewatf b agbfkcajf bz bo ke jfozwyrjjao bo bk a`ecaoeyaf jfkbjwatf gb ke agbe gbk

    Fwyf/ Ek acrek urb fjryye jfo ke ybxybzbowejao gb nbjnfz nazwyajfz+ ke dfwfcyede

    zrxfoe e xyafya ro b~wyefygaoeyaf `bgaf xeye bk jfofja`abowf gb ybekagegbz emboez ek

    xfwbojaek jfozr`agfy gb a`cbobz gbk zackf ^A^ .bk irycrz fjjagbowek!= ejbyjeie kfz

    xeyembz q `fgfz gb tage gb wabyyez kbmeoez+ gfjr`boweie kez xbofzez zawrejafobz gb kfz

    `z gbzdetfybjagfz+ jkezadajeie kez ye}ez q xrbikfz `z gbzjfofjagfz+ eoeka}eie kez

    xewfkfcez gb kfz bodby`fz+ q geie e jfofjby kfz yfzwyfz gb kfz jya`aoekbz urb zrxfoeo

    roe e`boe}e xeye bk iabobzwey gb ke zfjabgeg/

    Xbyf+ bo ke gadrzao gb ke a`ecbo gbk Fwyf+ e `borgf zb eieogfoeie bk xyftbyiaek

    ybekaz`f gb ke dfwfcyede+ q zb zf`bwe bzwe a`ecbo e roe jfozwyrjjao jfogajafoege xfy

    dejwfybz agbfkcajfz q bjfo`ajfz/ Bk obcfjaf gb ke ybjybejao gb bzjboez q waxfz

    b~wajfz bz irboe xyrbie gb bkkf/ Gryeowb bk zackf ^A^ zb bzweikbjabyfo bzwrgafz

    dfwfcydajfz xfy wfgf bk Xy~a`f q Kbmeof Fyabowb57+ rof gb jrqfz xyaojaxekbz dakfobz+

    mrowf jfo ke xyfgrjjao gb tazwez+ drb ke ybjybejao gb bzjboez q waxfz wyegajafoekbz gb

    bzwez ybcafobz gayacagez ek `byjegf fjjagbowek/ Ybjybejafobz urb+ egb`z gb wyeoz`away

    rofz ofweikbz tekfybz bzwwajfz q eywzwajfz bo `rjnfz jezfz+ jfowyaireo e cbobyeka}ey

    roe zbyab gb bzwbybfwaxfz/ Oege bo kez dfwfcyedez mexfobzez gb Yea`rog tfo Zwakkdyabg

    .5>:1-5155! ofz neike gb ke ybtfkrjao zfjaek fxbyege gryeowb bk xbyafgf @bama+ oa bo

    kez dfwfcyedez wryjez gb Xezjek Zbien .5>9:-5>>4! tb`fz ybdbybojae ekcroe e ke

    gbzjf`xfzajao gbk A`xbyaf q kez ybdfy`ez urb jfokkbt+ xfy bmb`xkf+ oege gb xyfcybzfoa gb ejwrekageg+ wfgf zfo ybjfozwyrjjafobz iezegez bo kfz ezxbjwfz tazrekbz

    57 Jf`f wb~wfz izajfz zfiyb bzwb wb`e tezb IBOOBWW+ Wbyyq+ Xnfwfcyexnq ao Mexeo+ 5>2:-5159+Wflqf+ Wrwwkb+ 9884< DETYFG+ Jneykbz-Nboya+ wyeocbz wyeocbyz/ Xnfwfcyexnab bw b~fwaz`b+ 5>28-5158+ Xeyz+ Jbowyb Oewafoek gb ke Xnfwfcyexnab+ 51>1< LNB@AY+ @froaye+KFyabowekaz`b/ KFyabowbgbz xnfwfcyexnbz er ^A^b zajkb+ Xeyz+ Jbowyb Oewafoek gb ke Xnfwfcyexnab+ 5117< DYEOJNAOA+Xnakaxxb+ CNBZURAYB+ My`b+ ERIBOEZ+ Zqktab+Gbz xnfwfcyexnbz bo Aogfjnaob= Wfolao+ Eooe`+Jfojnaojnaob+ Je`ifgcb bw Kefz er ^A^b zajkb+ Xeyz+ gawafoz gb ke Yroafo gbz `rzbz oewafoer~+

    9885< ZABYYE GB KE JEKKB+ Ikez+@rzbf Fyabowek gb Tekkegfkag/ Jewkfcf AT/ Mexo/ Dfwfcyedezackf ^A^+ Tekkegfkag+ @rzbf Fyabowek+ Jeme Bzxee+ 9885< SFYZSAJL+ Jkeyl+ ZXBOJB+ Jneykbz+A`xbyaek Jnaoe= xnfwfcyexnz+ 5>28-5198+ Orbte Qfyl+ Xboosajl Xrikaznaoc+ 513>/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    13/16

    59

    .zrxbydajaekbz! gb xaowfybzjez jfzwr`iybz+ kke`ewatfz ewrbogfz q b~wajez ibkkb}ez+

    ajfofcyedez qe xybzbowbz bo bk a`ecaoeyaf fjjagbowek gbzgb bk yf`eowajaz`f/

    Bzwe jfzwr`iyb+ aoajaege xfy kfz dfwcyedfz fjjagbowekbz+ drb jfowaorege xfy kfz

    dfwcyedfz erwjwfofz .jf`f Lrzeleib La`iba+ 5>75-51:7+ bo Mexo< f kfz nby`eofz

    yeibz Eigrkken+ ejwatfz bowyb 5>38-18 bo gatbyzez }foez gb Fyabowb @bgaf!+ wfgf kf

    jfowyeyaf e kf urb zrjbgb bo ke ejwrekageg+ gfogb+ wyez bk xyfjbzf gb gbzjfkfoa}ejao q

    ckfieka}ejao+ kfz eywazwez of fjjagbowekbz .jf`f @fya`rye+ Ze`rbk Dfzzf+ Qaole

    Znfoaieyb+ f Ieb Jneo-Nqf! rwaka}eo ke dajjao jf`f `bgaf gb gbzbo`ezjeyey kfz

    bkb`bowfz gb jfozwyrjjao gb ke dacrye gbk Fwyf+ mrceogf jfo ybdbybojaez e ke jrkwrye q bk

    eywb fjjagbowek .dacz/ 2 q 4!/

    Ke ybjybejao gb waxfz b~wajfz drb rwaka}ege we`iao bo fwye `fgekageg gb dfwfcyede

    jf`byjaek gb cyeo ~awf .erourb e `borgf bojriabywf! bo Fjjagbowb= ke dfwfcyede

    bywaje/ Zacrabogf ke bzwbke gb kez ybxybzbowejafobz xajwyajez gb ke xfje+ ke

    jeyejwbya}ejao gb `rmbybz fjjagbowekbz bo waxfz b~wajfz .we`iao `awfkcajfz! xeybje

    b~a`ay e bzwe dfwfcyede gb xeywb gb zr aogbjbojae+ ek eza`akeyke jfo jabywfz xey`bwyfz

    eywzwajfz f bwofcydajfz+ q ek kfcyey ro gazweojae`abowf gbk bzxbjwegfy ybzxbjwf e ke

    Dac/ 2/ Lrzeleib La`iba+Esf`eo sbeyaoc e nffg fd

    ofiakawq+ z/d/

    Dac/ 4/ Ieb Jneo-Nqf+ B~azwaoc aoJfzwr`b A+ 9884

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    14/16

    5:

    agbowageg jrkwryek ybek gb ke `rmby ybxybzbowege .ekcf urb we`iao bzweie xybzbowb qe bo

    kez dfwfcyedez `ezjrkaoez gb tfo Ckfbgbo q Xkzjnfs!52/

    Bo Fjjagbowb zb gaf egb`z ro waxf gb dfwfcyede wryzwaje f jf`byjaek ezfjaege e waxfz

    gb jkezb ieme f yryek+ of xbywbobjabowbz e ke jrkwrye aogrzwyaek irycrbze+ urb b~xkfweie

    kez jeyejwbyzwajez ybcafoekbz .bz bk jezf gb kez dfwfcyedez gb Cafycaf Zf``by bo Awekae+

    f gb Eowfoaf Joftez+ Lerkel+ bo Bzxee+ qe bo kfz xya`byfz efz gbk zackf ^^!+ f urb

    ybjybeie bo bk bzwrgaf waxfz `z f `bofz gbzdetfybjagfz .`bogacfz+ fdajafz+ zbytajaf54!

    b aojkrzf jya`aoekbz .bk jezf gb kfz ieogfkbyfz bo Bzxee!+ a`cbobz gbzwaoegez e zby

    b~xkfwegez jf`byjaek`bowb+ jrqe ye}o gb zby bye ke fxfzajao bowyb bk jf`xyegfy

    .xbywbobjabowb e ro gbwby`aoegf cyrxf zfjaek! q bk zrmbwf f cyrxf zfjaek ybjybegf/

    Gbowyf gb bzwb waxf gb bzjboez gb dajjao+ ro jezf kkbtegf ek b~wyb`f bz bk gbk gfjwfy

    Wnf`ez Mfno Ieyoeygf .5>72-5182!+ ybzxfozeikb gb roe jeze gb ejfcage bo Kfogybz+

    urb zrdya teyaez gborojaez xfy ke gadrzao gb dfwfcyedez bo kez urb kfz oafz gbk jbowyf

    exeybjeo gye`waje`bowb jeyejwbya}egfz xeye jfo`ftby e kfz xfzaikbz ibobdejwfybz gb

    ke aozwawrjao53/ Kez dfwfcyedez gb Ieyoeygf+ bo kez urb zb b~ecbyeie ke zbtbyageg gb

    roez jfogajafobz gb tage qe gb xfy z gryez+ zfo ro bmb`xkf gb j`f bo ke dfwfcyede

    gbk ^A^ xfgeo bowyb`b}jkeyzb kf ybek+ ke dajjao q kf naxbyybek= j`f bo roe dfwfcyede+ke `eoaxrkejao+ ke bzjboadajejao+ bo gbdaoawate ke dajjao+ xfge rwaka}eyzb xeye nejby

    xeybjby ke a`ecbo `z ybek urb ke xyfxae ybekageg5>/

    52 Jeib zbekey+ egb`z+ urb kfz wb`ez ezfjaegfz e kez dacryez db`boaoez drbyfo droge`bowekbz bo kezgatbyzez `fgekagegbz gb dfwfcyedez gb dajjao= bzjboez gb cobyf eywzwajez f jf`byjaekbz+ ekbcfyez+ybjybejao gb wb`ez yryekbz f gf`zwajfz+ bwj/+ kf jrek bmb`xkadaje we`iao roe ekwbyageg bowyb kez dacryezybxybzbowegez+ `eqfyaweyae`bowb `rmbybz+ q kfz xyfgrjwfybz gb bzez a`cbobz+ `eqfyaweyae`bowb nf`iybz/54

    Bka}eibwn Eoob @jJerkbq+ bo zr bzwrgaf zfiyb Gazgya .E/ E/ B/ Gazgya eog wnb jeywb gb tazawb xfywyeawxnfwfcyexnq+ Qekb Roatbyzawq+ 51>2! zbekeie urb ke cbowb gb jkezb wyeiemegfye of wboe bo cbobyek kejexejageg gb bojeycey ybwyewfz dfwfcydajfz gryeowb irboe xeywb gbk ^A^+ q urb kez a`cbobz urb zbjfozbyteo gb bzwe jkezb zfjaek zfo bo zr ao`boze `eqfye ybjfozwyrjjafobz gb waxfz bo bzwrgaf jfojeyjwby jf`byjaek+ f bo wfgf jezf bzjboez gb cobyf gb aowbojao eywzwaje .jf`f kez gb Ocyb+ Ybmkeogby+bwj/!/ Zfiyb bzwb wb`e tezb we`iao YFRAKKB+ Eogy+ Kbz a`ecbz xnfwfcyexnaurbz gr `fogb grwyeteak zfrz kb Zbjfog B`xayb+ boEjwbz gb ke ybjnbyjnb bo zjabojbz zfjaekbz+ 51>7+ Tfk/ 27+ 5+ xx/ :5-7:/53 Tezb bk wbzwa`foaf gb roe gb kez `egybz urb neie bowybcegf e zrz namez e ke aozwawrjao urb gayaceIeyoeygf+ q urb gboroja eowb ke jfywb gb Kfogybz bo 5>14 bk jyrbk dyergb urb neie kkbtegf e jeifIeyoeygf jfo ke a`ecbo gb roe gb kez oaez+ e ke urb xybzboweie neyexabowe+ ejf`xeege gb ro wb~wf bo bkurb zb ezbcryeie urb neie zagf ybjfcage gb ke jekkb+ bo @RYGFJN+ Kqgae+A`ecaobg Fyxneoz/ XffyDe`akabz+ Jnakg Sbkdeyb eog Jfowbzwbg Jawa}boznax ao Kfogfo+ Obs Iyrozsajl+ Yrwcbyz Roatbyzawq Xybzz+

    9884+ xx/ 59-54/5> Xeye bk jfojbxwf gb naxbyybek+ tezb IERGYAKKEYG+ Mbeo+ Jrkwrye q za`rkejyf+ Ieyjbkfoe+ Leayz+513>/

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    15/16

  • 8/3/2019 Ficcin y fotografa en el siglo XIX, Carmen Cabrejas Almena

    16/16

    52

    LNB@AY+ @froaye+KFyabowekaz`b/ KFyabowb gbz xnfwfcyexnbz er ^A^b zajkb+ Xeyz+

    Jbowyb Oewafoek gb ke Xnfwfcyexnab+ 5117/

    KEXFZWFKKB+ Jnyazwaob+ Xkrz tyea urb kb tyea/ Zwyewbcab xnfwfcyexnaurb bw Jf``rob

    gb Xeyaz+Ejwbz gb ke ybjnbyjnb bo zjabojbz zfjaekbz+ 51>>+ Tfk/ 3:+ o 5+ xx/ 43-34/

    KAOCSFFG+ Me`bz< Zwecaoc wnb Zbkd/ Zbkd-Xfywyeaw Xnfwfcyexnq 5>78z-51>8z+

    Kfogybz+ Wnb Cekkbyq+ 51>4/

    OEYEOMF+ Mreo+ Bk ybwyewf bo Bryfxe= gbk ybcazwyf gb ke `b`fyae e ke dajjao+ bo

    Ybwyewfz/ Dfwfcyede bzxefke+ 5>7>-5112+ Ieyjbkfoe+ Drogejao Jea~e gb Jewekre+

    5114+ xx/ :2-72/

    FYWBK+ Xnakaxxb+Ke kawwyewryb kyb gb ke xnfwfcyexnab/ Bourwb zry roe ytfkrwafo

    aotazaikb+ Oa`bz+ Mejurbkaob Jne`ifo+ 9889/

    XERKA+ Kfya .bg/!+Ejwaoc wnb Xeyw/ Xnfwfcyexnq ez Wnbewyb+ Fwwese+ Oewafoek Cekkbyq

    fd Jeoege+ 9884/

    ZECOB+ Mbeo+ Kb~fwaz`b geoz kb xfywyeaw xnfwfcyexnaurb er ^A^b zajkb+ boYbtrb

    gb ke Iaikafwnurb oewafoekb+ o 5+ zbxwab`iyb 51>5+ xx/ 93-:4/

    A`cbobz/

    Dac/ 5/ O/ OfiezYbwyewf gb `rmby a`aweogf irzwf gb xabgye+ j/ 5>12+ jfk/

    xnfwfeywb/jf`+ ybxy/ boYbwyewf q xeazemb bo ke dfwfcyede gbk zackf ^A^+ jfkbjjafobz

    xyategez gb @egyag+ @egyag+ Drogejao Wbkbdoaje+ 9885+ x/ 52>/

    Dac/ 9/ Mfneoobz Ieeycbkg+ Wqxajek Tbywajek @bzz ez Gbxajwafo fd wnb Gege Ieeycbkg+

    5198+ @rzbr` fd @fgbyo Eyw fd Obs Qfyl/

    nwwx=&&sss/`f`e/fyc&b~xkfyb&`rkwa`bgae&ergafz&91&353

    Dac/ :/ Dyeo} Rowbyibycby+ Wnybb iq Dfry+ dfwf`fowemb jfo kez a`cbobz gbk Lazby

    Crakkby`f+ Iaz`eyjl q Oexfkbo AAA+ j/ 5>38+ Roatbyzageg gb Xboozqkteoae+ jfk/

    Nboazjn+ ybxy/ bo NBOAZJN+ Nbao} L/ q Iyagcbw E/+ Wnb Xnfwfcyexnaj B~xbyabojb5>:1-5157/ A`ecbz eog ewwawrgbz+ Xboozqkteoae+ Wnb Xboozqkteoae Zwewb Roatbyzawq

    Xybzz+ 511:+ x/ :22/

    Dac/ 7/ Mfno Nbeywdabkg+Egfkd bk zrxbynf`iyb+ wyece fyf q neike nfmekewe+ 51:9+ ATE@/

    Dac/ 2/ Lrzeleib La`iba+E sf`eo sbeyaoc e nffg fd ofiakawq+ z/d/+ Iaikafwbje gb ke

    Roatbyzageg gb Oecezela/ nwwx=&&fkgxnfwf/ki/oecezela-r/ej/mx&bo&weycbw/xnx6ag01

    Dac/ 4/ Ieb Jneo-Nqf+ B~azwaoc ao Jfzwr`b A+ 9884+ Xrygq Najlz Cekkbyq+ Kfogybz/

    nwwx=&&sss/eywobw/jf`&eywsfyl&7924>22>3&55>725&jneo-nqf-ieb-b~azwaoc-ao-jfzwr`b-5/nw`k