fermilab, proton driver, prism/prime david neuffer fermilab ffag05
TRANSCRIPT
Fermilab, Proton Driver, PRISM/PRIME
David Neuffer
Fermilab
FFAG05
2
Intro–Fermilab Future Plans (~Oddone 9/05)
(Tevatron shuts down ~2009) First Priority – ILC
Global Study ~1 year –present to DOE (end of 2006)
IF favorable, push for near-term construction at Fermilab
Second Priority – protons Becomes high priority if ILC near-term not encouraged
PROTON DRIVER: 8 GeV, MW superconducting linac
If ILC near-term, continue facility incremental upgrades Priorities are NUMI, NoVA, … Some excess proton capacity for other experiments
3
From Oddone P5 Talk (9/2005)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09
DELAYED ILC DECISION -WITH PROTON DRIVER
EARLY ILC DECISION - NOPROTON DRIVER
EARLY ILC DECISION -WITH PROTON DRIVER
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
RF module assembly and testing
CDR effort
Industrialization
Not affordable
Much longer R&D needed
Looks good! Press for early decision
Nothing yet
LHC discovery: GO
This induces other program choices
ILC
Proton Driver
BudgetRequired…
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Proton Driver and Muon beams
8GeV Linac can produce streams of 1.5×1014 8GeV protons at 10Hz > 1022 protons/year
Neutrino Physics: main goal But: Only 1/15 of these needed for
Main Injector/NUMI
Are there muon beam experiments that could use this intensity ??
Tertiary muon beams: P + X → π π → μ + ν
10-2 μ/p → 1020 μ/year or more
(other experiments will also be possible)
~ 700m Active Length
8 GeV Linac
X-RAY FEL LAB
Slow-Pulse Spallation Source& Neutrino Target
Neutrino“Super-
Beams”
MainInjector@2 MW
8 GeVBooNe
NUMI
Anti-Proton
SY-120Fixed-Target
Off-Axis
Neutrinos to Homestake…
~ 700m Active Length
8 GeV Linac
X-RAY FEL LAB
Slow-Pulse Spallation Source& Neutrino Target
Neutrino“Super-
Beams”
MainInjector@2 MW
8 GeVBooNe
NUMI
Anti-Proton
SY-120Fixed-Target
Off-Axis
Neutrinos to Homestake…
Main Injector: 120 GeV, 0.67 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power
8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz
Main Injector Energy
H-Injection
8 GeVProtons
8 GeVElectrons
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (sec)
MI Energy
H- Injection
8 GeV Protons
Electrons
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Primary Parameter List (Foster, March 2005 reference)
PRIMARY PARAMETERS 8 GeV Initial 0.5 MW {Ultimate 2MW in Brackets}Linac beam kinetic energy 8 GeVLinac Particle Types Baseline Mission
via foil stripping in transfer linePossible w/upgrade of Phase Shifters & Injector
Linac Stand-Alone Beam power 0.5 {2.0} MW 8 GeV beam power available directly from linacLinac Pulse repetition rate 2.5 {10} HzLinac macropulse width 3.0 {1.0} msLinac current (avg. in macropulse) 8.7 {26} mALinac current (peak in macropulse) 9.3 {28} mALinac Beam Chopping factor in macropulse 94 % For adiabatic capture with 700ns abort gap.Linac Particles per macropulse 1.56E+14Linac Charge per macropulse 26 uCLinac Energy per macropulse 208 kJLinac average beam current 0.07 {0.26} mALinac beam macropulse duty factor 0.75 {1.0} %Linac RF duty factor 1.00 {1.3} %Linac Active Length including Front End 614 m Excludes possible expansion lengthLinac Beam-floor distance 0.69 m =27 in. same as Fermilab Main InjectorLinac Depth Below Grade 9 m same as Fermilab Main InjectorTransfer Line Length to Ring 972 m for MI-10 Injection pointTransfer Line Total Bend 40 deg two 20-degree collimation arcsRing circumference 3319.4 m Fermilab Main InjectorRing Beam Energy 8-120 GeV MI cycle time varies with energyRing Beam Power on Target 2 MW ~ independent of MI Beam EnergyRing Circulating Current 2.3 ARing cycle time 0.2-1.5 sec depends on MI beam energy & flat-topRing Protons per Pulse on Target 1.50E+14 protonsRing Charge per pulse on target 25 uCRing Energy per pulse on target 200-3000 kJ at 8-120 GeVRing Proton pulse length on target 10 us 1 turn, or longer with resonant extractionLinac Wall Power 5.5 {12.5} MW approx 3 MW Standby + 1MW / Hz
ProtonsH - ions
Electrons
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Review of the PD/Linac Cost
(All costs in 2004 K$) Linac
Project M&S* 229,779
Project SWF 89,118
Project Subtotal 318,897
G&A# (16.05% M&S & 30.35% Labor)
63,927
Project (incl. G&A) 382,824
Contingency (30%) 114,847
Total Cost 497,670
* Davis Bacon labor shows up as M&S# G&A rate will be lower on large POs
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Proton Driver Parameters8 GeV Superconducting LINACEnergy GeV 8Particle Type H- Ions, Protons, or ElectronsRep. Rate Hz 10Active Length m 671Beam Current mA 25Pulse Length msec 1Beam Intensity P / pulse 1.5E+14 (can also be H-, P, or e-)
P/s 1.5E+15Linac Beam Power MW avg. 2
MW peak 200
MAIN INJECTOR WITH 8 GeV LINACMI Beam Energy GeV 120MI Beam Power MW 2.0MI Cycle Time sec 1.5 filling time = 1msecMI Protons/cycle 1.5E+14 5x designMI Protons/hr P / hr 3.6E+17H-minus Injection turns 90 MI Beam Current mA 2250
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LFV: A eA can use high intensity
Experiment I0/Im T
[ns]
T
[s]
p
[MeV]
p/p
A eA
e eee
e e
1021
1017
1017
1016
< 10-10
n/a
n/a
< 10-4
< 100
n/a
n/a
< 1000
> 1
n/a
n/a
> 20
< 80
< 30
< 30
< 30
< 5
< 10
< 10
1…2
1014 < 10-4 100 > 20 30 < 10
g-2
EDM
1015
1016
< 10-7
< 10-6
< 50
< 50
> 103
> 103
3100
<1000
< 2
< 2
dtI
Desirable Beam Characteristics
But bunched beam is needed
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A eA experiments
Next generation of A eA experiments has been proposed MECO – was to be based at
BNL (DOE and NSF rejected)
PRISM-PRIME – based at KEK/JHF
Could be hosted at FNAL proton driver ?
e Conversion workshop Jan. 11-12 at BNL
A eA produces monoenergetic e- (~105MeV)
SUSY SUSY predictions predictions ofof AA e e--A A
0 0
MECO single event MECO single event sensitivitysensitivity
10 -11
10 -13
10 -15
10 -19
10 -17
10 -21
PRIME single event sensitivityPRIME single event sensitivity
Rem (GeV)
From Barbieri,Hall, Hisano …
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MECO expt. (BNL proposal rejected)
Superconducting Production Solenoid
(5.0 T – 2.5 T)
Muon Stopping Target
Muon Beam Stop
Crystal Calorimeter
Superconducting Transport Solenoid
(2.5 T – 2.1 T)
Superconducting Detector Solenoid
(2.0 T – 1.0 T)
Collimators
Tracker
Time structure
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PRISM-PRIME (Y. Kuno et al.)
High intensity pulsed proton beam (bunch length <10ns)•100-1000Hz bunches producing π —> μ bunches
•Phase rotation with rf field: Δp/p : ±20% ± 2%
P = 68 MeV/c ±20%
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PRISM rf-rotation
P = 68 MeV/c ±20%t = ±12ns (5ns rms)
Pµ
p=±1.9%p=±3.4%
5-turns, 38% beam decay 6-turns, 44% decay
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Proton Beam requirements MECO experiment
Requires pulses of ~8 GeV protons (<30ns long) every ~1μs (1.4μs) – Obtained by slow extraction of short bunches (in AGS)
Design requires 41013 p/s, 1.5 10-3 captured μ’s/proton 105 μ/pulse ~61017 μ/year from ~4 1020 p/year
PRISM-PRIME experiment Requires proton pulses (<10ns long) at 103/s (~1ms)
– 4 1014 p/s (50GeV) 10-2 to 10-3 μ’s/proton– Up to 1022 p/year, > 1019 μ/year
Single-turn extraction of short bunches (<10ns) Up to 4109 μ/pulse
Both require pulsed beams, proton linac beam must be repackaged in an accumulator ring
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Recycler as accumulator ring ? 8GeV Linac produces
1ms pulses at 10 Hz
H- injection into Recycler 1ms fills circumference
– (100 turns) Bunch beam into pattern
required for expt.
Harmonic 10 buncher for MECO, slow extraction
Harmonic 100 buncher for PRIME, single bunch extraction
Circumference C=2πRave 3320m
Momentum P 8.89 GeV/c
Rev. frequency,
Period
f0
T0
89.8 kHz
11 μs
Slip factor η=1/γ2- 1/γt2 0.0085
Tunes νx, νy 25.4,24.4
But:
Recycler circumference is large
100ms may be too short a time for bunching
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Space Charge Difficulty Space Charge tune shift:
Parameters: Ntot=1.51014,εN =20π mm-mrad
MECO: 30ns/1μs : BF= 0.03 →δν = 4 : too large
Reduce N to 1.51013 →δν = 0.4 Reduce N to 0.41013 →δν = 0.1
PRISM/PRIME 10ns bunches, 100/ring BF= 0.1 →δν =1.2: too large (but closer)
Larger εN, smaller Ntot,
Smaller circumference proton ring could be better
p tot
2F N
3r N
B
F
0.12
B
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Recycler – Bunching (~for PRISM) Harmonic 100 buncher (9MHz)
Bunch for 0.1s (Vrf ramps to 140kV)
Bunch lengths reduced to
~5ns rms(Prism wants < 10ns full width.)
Could then extract bunches one at a time over ~0.1s
Uses 1/2 the possible linac pulses (500 bunches/s for PRISM) (100 at 5Hz)
17
Other potential proton storage schemes Accumulator or Debuncher (C= ~454m) after
2010… Large aperture machines t 5
Difficult to inject H- (must bend beam from Linac) (B < 0.05T at 8 GeV, ρ > ~600m)
Could take debunched protons from Recycler or Main Injector(in ~450m chunks) Bunch into pattern needed for experiments Bunching easier than Recycler
New 8 GeV Storage Ring ??
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New 8 GeV Accumulator/buncher/stretcher
FFAG Type: FODO racetrack,
Superferric arcs nonscaling
H- injection into NewRing (10Hz) 700 turns
δν = 0.4 at BF=0.15 (σ=1.5ns)
Harmonic 42 buncher for PRISM, single bunch extraction (40ns spacing)
Slow extraction, single bunch extraction modes
Circumference C=2πRave ~454m
Momentum P 8.89 GeV/c
rf frequency,
Voltage
H=42
V0
26 MHz
1MV
Slip factor η=1/γ2- 1/γt2 -0.02
Tunes νx, νy 6, 8
aperture a, b ~3,2cm
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Proton Linac (H-)
NewRing (P)
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Fermilab – w/o SRF linac proton driver
NOW: Linac8 GeV Booster (C=454m) Currently Limited by losses in Booster 5Hz ~ 3 1012/ pulse 15Hz, 5 1012/pulse possible (0.1MW) (61013 protons/s)
NUMI, MiniBOONE, Tevatron p-source MiniBOONE will terminate soon ??
Single turn extraction is 1.5s For pulsed experiments, need a storage ring Can use Recycler, Accumulator, Debuncher? Future: New 8 GeV Booster
With 1 GeV linac ?? larger apertures, larger injection energies, deeper tunnel (51013/ pulse ??) (1MW ??) With new storage ring
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• Detailed source design does not exist Straw man design worked out for the front end of a factory supported by MARS simulations (Ray et al.)
•Target + capture solenoid + drift (forward capture)
• 1.4 x 1022 protons/year at 8 GeV yields ~3 x 1021 muons/year.
Charged particlespectra at end ofdecay channel
Generic High intensity muon beam
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Summary Muon Beams from the Proton Driver could be
enabled Potential muon beam facilities could be
developed:
PRISM, etc. … could be hosted More Detailed design needed
Proton Collection– Recycler ….– New Stretcher/Buncher ring ??
Beam line(s) Experimental area(s)
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References W. Foster et al., Proton Driver http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/8GeVLinac/DesignStudy/
W. Molson, “The MECO Experiment to Search for -Ne-N with 10-17 Sensitivity”, U. Va. Seminar, June 2004
MECO ‘RSVP’ Rare Symmetry Violating Processes (MECO-
KOPIO) NSF proposal, October 1999. PRISM Working group “An Experimental Search for the μ−−e− Conversion
Process at an Ultimate Sensitivity of the Order of 10−18 with PRISM”, The Prime Working Group, Jan. 1, 2003.
R. Ray & D. Roberts, Proton Driver physics study
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Recycler – Bunching for ~MECO Harmonic 10 buncher
(0.9MHz) Barrierbucket rf
Bunch for ~1s (Vrf ramps to ~30kV)
Bunch lengths reduced to
~50ns rms(MECO wants ~30ns full width.)
Could then extract bunches in slow extraction over ~1s