Feed Formulation Strategies And Methods

Submitted by Amit kumar Jana

M.F.Sc. 4th sem.Dept. of Zoology And Applied Aquaculture

Synopsis:-• Introduction

• Feed formulation strategies

1. Diet selection

2. Waste estimation

3. Ration allowance

4. Feeding strategies

• Methods

• (a) Pearson’s Square Method.

• (b)Trial and Error Method.

Introduction

Fish food consist of natural food and artificial feed.

Single feed ingredients may be fed to fish tosupplement available natural food in a pond.However ,combining ingredients may make betterquality supplemental feed. Fish would grow well ona feed containing 20 to 30% crude protein ,of which7 to 10% of the protein is from animal source. Whennatural food is abundant and fish are stocked at lowdensities,a 20 to 25% protein content is suitable. A30% or more crude protein content is more suitablefor fish are stoked at high densities.

Feed formulation strategies

1. Feed ingredients selection

2. Waste estimation

3. Ration allowance

4. Feeding strategies

Pearson’s Square Method.

• The simplest method to calculate the ration, It can be used for 2 and more ingredients.

• It can be balanced only one nutrient (make your choice for crude protein or crude fat).

• Always keep in mind the nutrient value of the ingredients.

• if we have more than 2 ingredients.

Pearson Square

• We have a solution…

• Reach 40% crude protein using fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat meal and soybean meal.

• The crude protein % of ingredients:

• Fish meal: 65%

• Corn gluten meal: 38%

• Soybean meal: 42%

• Wheat meal: 17%

Pearson Square

• The solution is to make two groups into the ingredients.

• First group will be consisted of fish meal and

soybean meal.

• Second group will be consisted of corn gluten meal and wheat meal.

calculation

• First group average: (65 + 42) / 2 = 53,5

• Second group average: (38 + 17) / 2 = 27,5

• Group one 53,5 12,5

40

• Group two 27,5 + 13,5

• --------

26

calculation

• % of group one: (100 x 12,5) / 26 = 48,07

• % of group two: (100 x 13,5) / 26 = 51,92

• 1st group’s ingredients %: 48,07 / 2 = 24,035

• 2nd group’s ingredients %: 51,92 / 2 = 25,96

Calculation 40% crude Protein

• % of Fish meal: 65 x 24,35% = 15,83

• % of Soybean meal: 42 x 24,35% = 10,23

• % of Corn gluten meal: 38 x 25,96% = 9,86

• % of Wheat meal: 17 x 25,96% = 4,41

• Total = 40,33

Trial and Error Method

To choose a combination of ingredients that willprovide a feed containing between 25 to 30%crude protein.

Ingredient Amount of ingredient(Kg)

%of Protein

Rice Bran 40 9.9

Brewer Waste 20 22.8

Soyabean Meal 28 46.2

Fish Meal 12 57.7

Total 100

Calculation

• To calculate the required % CP in feed.

Rice bran- 40*9.9/100=3.96(4.0)

Brewer waste -20*22.8/100=4.56

Soyabean meal-28*46.2/100=12.93

Fish meal -12*57.7/100=6.92

Total Crude Protein=28.4

Calculation

This feed would contain 28.4kg of crudeprotein if 100kg of the listed ingredients werecombined as indicated.This would make a feedcontaining approximately 28% crude proteinby weight scince.28.4kg*100kg/100=28.4%Protein containt.

Conclusion

• Natural food organisms (Phytoplankton ,zooplankton,insects,crustaceans,copepods andmolluscs) in water will provide essential nutrientsbut in the conditions (in sufficient of naturalfoods, high stocking density, promote fastergrowth) use artificial food.In the use ofsupplementary feed based on strategies.

Hammer Mill

Thank You