feed and feeding ii note

7/30/2019 Feed and Feeding II Note

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Feed and Feeding

Dairy cattle Nutrition


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Nutrient Requirements

(lactating cow)

Water 3-4 units of H2O for each unit of Dry matter

15-25 gallons

Energy

Carbohydrates, dietary fat

provide glucose for energy production and

milk sugar

> half of dry matter intake (> 20 lbs as DM

basis!!)


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Protein

Supply of amino acids

Body growth, repair, hormone , milkproteins

~ 15- 18% of dry matter intake

~ 5-10 lb. Crude protein /day

Minerals and Vitamins

Nutrient Requirements

(lactating cow)


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Everything is about dry matter

(DM)

Feed fraction that contains all of the

nutrients except water

Dry Weight

Wet Weight%DM

= X 100

Dry matter intake is always less than as fed intake!


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How much feed does a cow eat?

-------------- % of the body weight in DM

basis for avg milk yield of ----------------lb

Feeding TMR ----------- lb. Feed for

every -----------lb of milk


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1. 1 lb of DM milk yield --------------lb.

2. 13 pounds of DM for maintenance

Dry Matter Intake Guides


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Typical Cow Ration

Forages:

-------------- or ----------------------

---------------------------

Orchard grass hay

Energy feed

Corn grain, oats, barley, oats, beat pulp

Protein feed (concentrate) Soybean, Linseed meal, Cotton seed


9/25Month

Phase 4 Phase 6Phase 5

Dry Matter Intake

Body Weight

Milk

Production

Peak DMIPeak Milk Tail End

Courtesy of Univ. of IL


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TMR Diets

Total mixed ration diets Some long stem hay may be fed separately to

stimulate rumen function

Advantages: Precise definition of the ration consumed

Facilitate mechanized feeding

---------------------------------------------------------

Masks certain unpalatable feeds


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TMR Diets

Disadvantages ----------------------------------------------------

Mismanagement or inadequate numbers ofgroups can lead to overfeeding

Health problems

First-calf heifers should be grouped

separately


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Fig 15-7. Portable mixer wagons are used to mixration ingredients into a total mixed ration(Courtesy of Mark Kirkpatrick)


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Fig 15-8. Inside a mixer wagon, augers areused to thoroughly mix feedstuffs prior to

feeding (Courtesy of Mark Kirkpatrick)


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Nutrient %

DMI (% BW) 3.2

NEL (Mcal/lb)

Crude Protein (CP) % DM 16-18

ADF, %

NDF, % Min.--------

Forage NDF, % 75

NFC, % Max 40

Crude fat, % 6

Forage : Concentrate 60%:40%


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Practical Feeding Management

Feed Intake

Are cows actually consuming feed?

amounts fed

----------------------------------------

number of cows per group

Question to ask?


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Is the bunk clean to begin

with?

Is the fresh feed warm/hot?


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Does fresh feed have any

"off" odor?

Is the feed -----------------------

--------------?

Question to ask?


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Do we have adequate bunk space?

Do cows sort the feed and what do theysort for ?

------------------------------------------------------


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What percent of the cows chewing their

cuds?

How much time cows spend away from

the feed bunk?


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Feeding a TMR Free Choice

2-4 percent weigh back (orts)

Weigh back is uniform

Weigh back is not sorted

Feed is available > 20 hours a day


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Penn State Separator Box


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Penn State Separator

Top Middle Bottom

Corn Silage (1/4) < 5 > 50 < 50

Corn Silage (1/2) < 5 > 70 < 30

Haylage > 20 > 40 < 40

TMR > 10 > 30 < 50


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FIELD TOOLS

Milk yield changes

Milk component changes

Manure appearance

Grain in manure

Signs of acidosis

feed and feeding ii note

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