februrary 2005ucsf library & center for knowledge management scholarly communication

Februrary 2005 UCSF Library & Center for Knowledge Management

Scholarly Communication


JOURNAL

LIBRARY

PUBLISHER

Scholarly Publishing Cycle

AUTHOR


“Scholarly Communication”

• Describes the process of disseminating research results and other scholarship in all disciplines

• In the biomedical sciences, primary method of scholarly communication is the journal literature

• Academic structure is based on this model – promotion and tenure


Task Force Charge

• Develop a plan for a scholarly communication program for UCSF that will:– Raise awareness among staff and

campus community of the issues– Inform staff and community of

developments and generate interest in them

– Educate and support the community in alternate communication modes


Task Force Members

• Janice Contini– Introduction

• Anneliese Taylor – Publishing Economics

• David Owen– Copyright

• Gail Persily– UC-wide & UCSF initiatives


Publishing Economics

Traditional and Open Access Models


Traditional Publishers

• Commercial publishers: Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, Nature, Oxford University Press

• Society publishers: American Medical Association (JAMA), American Society of Microbiology (Infection & Immunity), AAAS (Science), National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)


The Reason for Concern


Print vs. Online Costs

• Science Magazine $500 print $11,000 online

• Harrison’s $125 print $1,600 online

• Journal of Immunology $670 print $1,100 online

• JAMA $450 print $2,750 online


Open Access Defined• Open-access (OA)

literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

• OA removes price barriers (subscriptions, licensing fees, pay-per-view fees) and permission barriers (most copyright and licensing restrictions).

• Flexible options– Some OA providers permit

commercial re-use and some do not.

– Some permit derivative works and some do not.

• All of the major public definitions of OA agree that merely removing price barriers, or limiting permissible uses to "fair use" ("fair dealing" in the UK), is not enough.


Open Access Journal Examples

• PLoS Biology & PLoS Medicine

• BioMed Central• Evidence-Based

CAM (OUP)• Nucleic Acids

Research (OUP)• PubMed Central –

OA journal repository


“Partial” Open Access

• Some BioMed Central journals (Genome Biology, Breast Cancer Research)– Research articles only

• Back issues from society publications – Journal of Immunology, NEJM, Diabetes, etc.

• PNAS, Company of Biologists, Springer– Author pays to make article OA


NIH Policy on Public Access

• Sept 4, 2004 Proposal– Would have required authors to deposit

articles from NIH-funded research into PubMed Central for public access after 6 months

• February 3, 2005 Policy Release– Changed deposit date to within 12 months– Weakened to a requested deposit– Yet encourages authors to deposit sooner

rather than later


Is Open Access Cheaper?

• OA Funding– Grants– Institutional ‘memberships’– Article charges paid by authors (grants

may cover)

• Cornell Library study suggests it could be more costly than traditional model – for those with large research output


OA – Focus on ‘Access’

• The primary benefit of OA is free, unrestricted access to all

• Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions


Copyright

• Any creative work of literary composition such as a song, essay, poem, novel, or scholarly work ie research article

• In scholarly journals the publisher has traditionally owned the rights to research articles or scholarly works


But who owns the copyright?

• First assumption is that owners are the persons listed as “authors”, but:– Academic authors usually sign away

rights to the journal publisher


A Typical Copyright TransferAgreement

I HEREBY ASSIGN TO THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY THE COPYRIGHT IN THIS ARTICLE

SIGNED _____________________ DATE __________

• The author has just given away all his/her rights! They are no longer the legal owner of the article.


Impact of Copyright Transfer

• Denies to the author many important rights– Distribute reprints– Distribute abstracts– Create derivative works– Use own work in teaching– Control (and benefit financially from)

republication– Republish out of print but important works

• Implies that institution must buy back its own works (at monopoly prices)


Copyright Agreements

• SHERPA:– a summary of permissions that are

normally given as part of each publisher's copyright transfer agreement.

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/


UC-wide Initiatives


UC-wide Initiatives

• Office of Scholarly Communication• SCO group• Other UC-wide committees, e.g. CDC• Systemwide resolution• Promoting new models - eScholarship


eScholarship Postprints

• New repository for postprints of published articles

• 25,000 articles from 2004• UCSF action

– Publicize this project and use it to educate faculty about copyright issues

– Talk to faculty– Address NIH public access policy


SCTF Proposed Plan

• Handout


Discussion

• Defining the message• Future updates? Discussions? Journal

club?


This work is licensed under a

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/



februrary 2005ucsf library & center for knowledge management scholarly communication

Documents

ucsf library center

knowledge management

online slide

concern slide

tenure slide

article oa slide

online journal of immunology

openaccess oa literature