FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 3b and 3c

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Effects of the Protestant Reformation (1540-1650 C.E.)You Mean People Fought Over Religion Again?

Source: “Burning of heretics sentenced by the Inquisition.” Image. Library of Congress. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 14 July 2014.

Catholic Counter ReformationThe Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation was called the Counter Reformation. Actions taken during the Counter Reformation included the formation of the Council of Trent, and the creation of the Society of Jesus, and the Inquisition. By 1545, the Catholic Church was tired of losing members to the new Protestant religions and called a meeting, or council, of Church leaders in the Italian city of Trent. The Council of Trent made some changes to Church doctrine, but mostly it reaffirmed the Church’s authority. Ignatius of Loyola founded a religious order called the Society of Jesus in 1540. Members were called Jesuits and focused on teaching Catholic beliefs. Jesuits spread Catholicism to non-Christians in Africa, the Americas,

Persecution in FranceAt first, the Reformation divided the countries of Europe and led to religious intolerance. In France, there was a lot of violence against French Protestants, known as Huguenots. Eventually, the French king granted the Huguenots religious freedom by signing the Edict of Nantes in 1598. This document would later be revoked by King Louis XIV.

and the Far East. The Inquisition was also used as a way to target Protestants and other heretics, those accused of teaching a false belief. The Inquisition used torture and even execution in order to get heretics to recant, or take back, their beliefs.

The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)Many nobles in northern Germany converted to Protestantism. They saw this as a way to escape the power of the Pope in their states. However, the Hapsburg family, the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, continued to support the Catholic

Source: The Peace of Westphalia “Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years’ War.” Image. Art Media/StockphotoPro. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 28 July 2014.

Church. Conflict broke out between the Northern Protestant princes and the Hapsburg family. The result was a war over religion called the Thirty Years’ War. In 1635, Cardinal Richelieu, an advisor to the King of France, urged France to enter the war. Even though France was a Catholic nation, Richelieu supported the Protestant armies. France was concerned about the power of the Hapsburgs in Europe and did not want to see the Holy Roman Empire gain strength. Richelieu changed the focus on the war from religion to politics. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. It was a disaster for the Holy Roman Empire. About 4 million people died and the economy was in ruins. The treaty made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor and reinforced the right of each prince to decide the religion of his state.

Effects of Protestant Reformation (cont.) WHII 3b and 3c

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Quick Review

Connection to TodayThroughout history and still to this day, religion has been a source of many conflicts. What modern examples of religious conflict can you think of? Why do you think people reference religion as a motive to engage in conflict?

Resources● FCPS Library Resource - ABC Clio: Thirty Years’ War Overview: http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1239496?cid=41&terms=Thirty+Years%27+War

Learn 360● Protestant Reformation http://goo.gl/4XDjLJ

1. What best completes the chart?

Key VocabularyCouncil of Trent: meeting in 1545 of Roman Catholic Church leaders to address the concerns of the Protestants

Order: a religious organization whose members usually live together and promise to follow special rules and traditions

Edict: a law

Revoke: to take back, withdraw

Society of Jesus/Jesuits: Catholic religious group dedicated to teaching Catholic beliefs and spreading the religion

Inquisition: a papal judicial process established to try and punish those thought to be heretics

Heretics: someone who believes or teaches something that goes against accepted or official beliefs

Treaty: an agreement between nations

Thirty Years’ War: religious war in central Europe between Catholics and Protestants

Secularism: non-religious, focus on this world

Scripture: a religious text or teaching

Individualism: a belief that the interests of the individual are of the greatest importance

Tolerance: acceptance of feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from one’s own

Europe during the Reformation Control. Catholic leaders in green; Protestants in blue; Eastern Orthodox Church in gray and Muslims in red. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam

2.

A. Protestant ReformationB. Counter ReformationC. Causes of the Thirty Years’ WarD. Effects of the Renaissance

Which of the following was NOT an effect of the printing press?A. Increase in literacyB. Spreading of new ideas such as Protestant religionsC. The Bible was printed in English, French, and GermanD. Decrease in secularism

4. Identify and explain two to three examples of conflicts caused by the Protestant Reformation.

3. Who were the Huguenots?A. French ProtestantsB. German ProtestantsC. French CatholicsD. German Catholics

Social ChangesThe Protestant Reformation resulted in religious changes but also social changes. People questioned the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, and as a result, secularism increased. New Protestant religions focused on an individual’s ability to read and interpret scripture without guidance from the Church. During this time, literacy increased mainly because of Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the 1450’s. The Bible was printed in English, French, and German. This meant people could read the Bible on their own. As a result, individualism also increased. Another social change was a gradual increase in religious tolerance.