fcc workshop location acuracy...fcc workshop cormac conroy, phd ... but for 4g/lte networks ......

© 2012 QUALCOMM Incorporated. All rights reserved. 1

FCC Workshop

Cormac Conroy, PhD Vice President, Engineering and Product Management Location Products and Technology October 24, 2012


Outline

Test Bed A-GPS / AFLT Technology Overview

GNSS and OTDOA

9-1-1 Location Ecosystem

9-1-1 Location Timeline

New Technologies

Conclusion and Looking Ahead

Backup

9-1-1 Location Standards Based Architecture


Test Bed Hybrid A-GPS/AFLT

Qualcomm along with its network operator partners have submitted hybrid A-GPS/AFLT technology to the test bed

Hybrid fixes uses both GPS pseudo-ranges and CDMA Pilot measurements in the same trilateration calculation when an insufficient # of GPS pseudo-ranges are available for a GPS-only fix

Hybrid allows the maximum accuracy when a GPS-only solution is not possible (e.g., two or fewer GPS pseudo-ranges are available)

Base

Base

Station 3

Base

Station 1 Mobile Station

Hybrid combines GPS

pseudo-ranges with

cellular pilot

measurements to

maximize accuracy


Key Benefit of GNSS – Improved Performance, Standards Based

The main advantage of additional GNSS constellations in addition to GPS is

increased number of available satellite signals for performance gains as follows:

Improved availability (of satellites at a particular location) and yield:

Improved ability to work in in urban canyons or mild indoors

Improved reliability:

With extra measurements the data redundancy is increased, which helps identify any

measurement outlier problems

Improved accuracy:

Better positioning accuracy due to improved geometry, increased # of line of sight measurements

Better positioning accuracy due to improved ranging signals from modernized satellites (e.g.,

higher signal strength, longer codes, wide bandwidth signals)

Fully standards based network-assisted solutions – A-GPS, A-Glonass etc.


Key Benefits of Wireless WAN (i.e. 2G/3G/4G Cellular)

Penetrates buildings – deep indoors

If cellular networks are synchronized, ranging is possible from cell towers giving a position indoors

Leverages existing infrastructure to do positioning

Leverages trusted, accurate cell tower base station almanac of wireless operators

Standards based

Going forward, as 4G/LTE rolls out, with synchronized base stations, coverage to the mobile user base will grow quickly


Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) DL positioning method (similar to AFLT) – but for 4G/LTE networks

UE measures OTD’s (difference of TOA) from between eNB pairs

Measurements are made on highly detectable Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)

Designed to outperform AFLT (higher bandwidth, increased hearability, inter-frequency, etc)

Hybrid A-GNSS / OTDOA will be a useful indoor positioning technology

Synchronous Deployment

eNB

eNB

eNB

http://www.t-mobile.de/business/allehandys/0,12827,14772-_7852-761-1-0,00.html


9-1-1 Location Ecosystem

The 9-1-1 solution is a multi-vendor ecosystem

No one vendor controls the overall quality of the 9-1-1 service

A-GPS/A-GNSS and AFLT/OTDOA signaling is between the

device and location server but the other nodes (e.g., base

station, switches, etc.) are important components as well

The MPC/GMLC is the overall manager of the 9-1-1 call and

deals with call routing and location delivery to the PSAP

All discrete components of the complex system must work

together to ensure efficient and optimized performance

In any FCC rulemaking process, the complexity of the multi-vendor

eco-system must be taken into account

Standards will help carriers deploy the new technologies

A-GNSS and OTDOA now

Small cells, both LAN and WAN later


2007 2000 2009 2001 …. 2008 2002 2010

9-1-1 / LBS Timeline

J-STD-036

Published

IS-801-1

Published

(AGPS/AFLT)

CDMA 9-1-1

launch with

first PSAP

1998/9 2014

1st U.S. 9-1-1 CDMA

Approved by FCC

A-GPS Standardized

in 3GPP GSM

Release 98

A-GPS Standardized

in 3GPP WCDMA

Release 99

GSM Carrier

launch

dates with

network

based

solution

WCDMA

carriers

launch

announcing

they will use

A-GPS for the

FCC 9-1-1

mandate

1st FCC 9-1-1

A-GPS

WCDMA

Phone

3GPP and 3GPP2

adds AGNSS (AGLO)

support for

GSM/WCDMA/CDMA

J-STD-036 Rev

C adds 911

support for

CDMA femto

cells

3GPP and 3GPP2

define IMS 911 and

LTE based AGNSS

and OTDOA

Positioning

US carriers

launch IMS

based E911??

….

US Carriers

deploy and

optimize

OTDOA

OMA defines

SUPL 2.0 with

911

positioning

support and

WLAN

positioning

3GPP/3GPP2 fully

define “small cells”

Het-Net

WLAN/WWAN

Integration

US Carriers

leverage

their WLAN

Data

Offloading

Efforts for

LBS / 911


New Technologies Impact 9-1-1 New Constellations and A-GNSS

New Access Networks

4G/LTE with OTDOA

WLAN

Signal strength and ranging measurements which

will be key for indoor positioning

Standards Support for New Technologies

OMA has defined 9-1-1 “User Plane” solution

standard for these new access networks

Better support for Multi-RAT / Hybrid positioning methods

Changes to Network Topologies

Small cells (Femto / Pico Cells) per 3GPP Standards

WLAN data offloading

Managed Access Points and Small Cells are a powerful asset for wireless operators

Beacons and other “non-traditional” solutions

Offer proposed indoor location solutions but may require additional infrastructure

Broad Industry Collaboration Related to Indoor Location

In-Location Alliance formed by industry leader to foster migration to indoor location.


More Small Cells – Bring Network Closer to User

Leveraging Heterogeneous Networks – HetNets

Wide Area Macro Network

Hotspot Low-cost

outdoor/indoor solutions deployed by

operator

Indoor Very low-cost

solutions, many deployed by

user

Relay and

Pico/Metro/RRH

small cells for

hotspots

Wi-Fi integrated with

3G/4G for indoor and

hotspot offloading

4G Relay

Backhaul

Wireless

Backhaul

Malls

Residential

Enterprise

Indoor small

cell for

Residential /

enterprise


Conclusion and Looking Ahead Demonstrated Leadership

Over the years, Qualcomm has led and delivered technologies to the highest degree of 9-1-1 accuracy and will continue to enhance and deliver refinements to 9-1-1

Industry Support

Qualcomm fully supports all stakeholders’ desire for continuous improvements in 9-1-1 accuracy and is eager to work together to develop measurable, attainable metrics to improve 9-1-1 accuracy

Realistic Goals

Qualcomm believes all facets of the ecosystem must participate and set realistic expectations for 9-1-1- evolution

Leverage of Standards and Deployment of Standards-Based Solutions

Assisted Glonass – mentioned in the standards for many years

OTDOA – being deployed by all US operators

Industry initiatives to small cells inclusive of WLAN for data offload and a new small cell band needed to support 1000x capacity .

Fostering Location Evolution and Leverage of New Location Technologies

Qualcomm is engaged with industry leaders to foster the migration to indoor location as evidenced by participation in the In-Location Alliance with industry leaders.


BACKUP


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 10 100 1000 10000

Horizontal Error (meters)

% F

ixe

s <

= H

ori

zo

nta

l E

rro

r

Overall

GPS

AFLT

Hybrid GPS/AFLT

Mixed Cell Sector

RTD

Cell Sector

Benefits Hybrid Positioning

Example Fractional Cumulative Distribution Function

More

Accurate

Less

Accurate

GPS is the most

accurate solution

type, but without

other solution

types, yield is only

82% in this

example

Other solution

types fill the void

when GPS is not

available. Hybrid

and AFLT are the

best alternatives


BTS

BSC A

MSC

PDE

IS-801

Protocol

E5

MPC

E3

CDMA Control Plane 9-1-1 Architecture

PSAP

Qualcomm Products

PDM

E2

CDMA Chip

with

integrated

GPS

Reference Data (WARN)

Internet or Dedicated

Data Center

E12

Any CP 3GPP2 A-GPS deployment requires

3GPP2 compliant software at these nodes

CDMA

Protocol


Node B

RNC Iucs

MSC

SAS

WCDMA /

RRC

Protocol

Iupc

PCAP Protocol

GMLC

lg

WCDMA Control Plane 9-1-1 Architecture

PSAP

Qualcomm Products

PDM

E2

Reference Data (WARN)

Internet or Dedicated

Data Center

Any CP 3GPP A-GPS deployment requires

3GPP compliant software at these nodes

WCDMA Chip

with

integrated

GPS


©2012 Qualcomm Incorporated. All rights reserved. Qualcomm is registered trademark of Qualcomm

Incorporated. All the trademarks or brands in this document are registered by their respective owner.

QUALCOMM Incorporated, 5775 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA 92121-1714

fcc workshop location acuracy...fcc workshop cormac conroy, phd ... but for 4g/lte networks ......

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