fbs45 lect7 insect classification
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8/2/2019 Fbs45 Lect7 Insect Classification
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Taxonomy (Systematics ) = theory and
practice of identification, naming, andclassification of living things based onapparent common characteristics.
Classification = the hierarchicalorganization of living things intocategories and subcategories thatreveal their affinities .
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Categories Taxa
Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Class Hexapoda
Subclass PterygotaOrder Orthoptera
Suborder Caelifera
Superfamily Acridoidea
Family AcrididaeSubfamily Acridinae
Genus Locusta
Species migratoria
Subspecies migratoriodes
Taxonomic Hierarchy
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Class Hexapoda (Insecta)
Subclass APTERYGOTA (wingless insects)
Subclass PTERYGOTA (winged insects)
Division EXOPTERYGOTA
- insects with gradual orincomplete metamorphosis,wings developing externally
Division ENDOPTERYGOTA
- insects with completemetamorphosis, wingsdeveloping internally
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS……………
Subclass APTERYGOTA 1. Order Protura – telsontails or proturans
2. Order Collembola – springtails 3. Order Diplura - diplurans 4. Order Thysanura – bristletails, silverfish
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Order PROTURA (proturans)
• Very small, <2.0 mm long
• Eyeless
• Without antennae• Mouthparts entognathous
• Forelegs held forward
•Thoracic and abdominal segments similar
• Legs 5-segmented
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• Small, <10 mm long
• Antennae present
• Mouthparts entognathous• Thoracic and abdominal segments similar
• Legs 4-segmented
• Abdomen 6-segmented with sucker-likeventral tube and forked jumping organ(furcula )
Order COLLEMBOLA (springtails)
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Order COLLEMBOLA
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Order DIPLURA
• Small, 2 - 15 mm long
• Eyeless
• Long antennae like string of beads
• Mouthparts entognathous
• Thoracic and abdominal segments similar
• Legs 5-segmented, abdomen 10-segmented
• Abdomen with terminal filament-like toforceps-like cerci
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS……… Subclass PTERYGOTA
Division EXOPTERYGOTA
1. Order Ephemeroptera – mayflies
2. Order Odonata – dragonflies, damselflies
3. Order Blattodea – cockroaches
4. Order Isoptera – termites
5. Order Mantodea – preying mantis
6. Order Dermaptera – earwigs
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS………
Subclass PTERYGOTADivision EXOPTERYGOTA
7. Order Plecoptera – stoneflies
8. Order Orthoptera – grasshoppers, crickets, katydids
9. Order Phasmatodea – walking sticks and leaf insect
10. Order Embioptera – web-spinners
11. Order Psocoptera – psocids, booklice and barklice
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS……… Subclass PTERYGOTA
Division EXOPTERYGOTA
12. Order Phthiraptera
Suborder Mallophaga – biting lice or bird lice
Suborder Anoplura – sucking lice or head/body lice
13. Order Hemiptera
Suborder Heteroptera – true bugs
Suborder Homoptera – hoppers, cicadas, aphids,scale insects, mealy bugs
14. Order Thysanoptera – thrips
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Order EPHEMEROPTERA (mayflies)
• Small to large
• With large triangular forewings and smaller
hindwings• Compound eyes large
• Antennae short and bristle-like
• Mouthparts reduced
• Abdominal tip with long 2 tail-like cerci
• Immature aquatic
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Order EPHEMEROPTERA
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Order ODONATA
damselfly
dragonfly
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Order PHASMATODEA (stick- & leaf insects)
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Order PHASMATODEA
• Medium to large• Body cylindrical stick-like or flattened leaf-like
• Mandibulate and prognathous
• Forewings leathery or tegmina; hindwingsbroad with toughened fore margin
• Legs elongate for walking
• Cerci 1-segmented
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Order BLATTODEA (cockroaches)
• Small to large, dorsoventrally flattened
• Mandibulate and hypognathous
• Prothorax large and shield-like
• Forewings leathery or tegmina protecting large
hindwings• Cerci multi-segmented
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Order MANTODEA (preying mantis)
• Medium to large
• Head small, mobile and triangular
• Mandibulate and hypognathous
• Compound eyes large and separated
• Prothorax long and narrow• Forewings tegmina; hindwings broad
• Fore legs raptorial or grasping
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Order PHTHIRAPTERA
(biting lice, sucking lice)
• Small, dorsally flattened
• Wingless ectoparasites of vertebrates• Mouthparts mandibulate or beak-like
• Compound eyes small or absent
• Antennae either in grooves or extended• Legs stout with modified tarsus adapted for
clinging on hair/feathers
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Order HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees, wasps)
• Minute to large
• Mouthparts chewing-lapping
• Antennae often long and filiform; elbowed in some• Wings with simple venation; fore and hindwings
coupled together by minutes hooks (hamuli) onhindwings