Family and Parental Leave

Yovanna PinedaHistory DepartmentDecember 17, 2014

Family Leave in the U.S.

• As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national law.

• Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States.

• Emotional and physical costs to the family• In a 2010 survey of registered voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing

leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.

Family Leave in the U.S.• As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national

law.• Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity

leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States.

• Emotional and physical costs to the family.

• In a 2010 survey of registered U.S. voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.

Family Leave

• For most women, unpaid leave is not an option. As of 2009, 39 percent of mothers were primary breadwinners, 63 percent co-breadwinners who contributed at least a quarter of family earnings.

Women Leaving the Workforce

• NYTimes: “Why U.S. Women are Leaving Jobs Behind” (12/12/14).

University of Central Florida: Survey on Parental LeaveRepresented Colleges: CAH; COS; Engineering and CS; COPHA; Library; College of Education (All families included)

Number of respondents: 15 (Male= 3 ; Female= 12)

Number of pregnancies: 16

Questions Yes NoNot Yet or

N/A

UCF-google search UCF-HR

UCF-Center for Faculty Women

Office Talk of previous parents

UFF-UCF/CBA Spouse TOTAL

Did you know about UCF parental policies when you got pregnant?1 115 (Not

initially) 16

How did you find out about them? (Where is the first place you searched?) 1 5 2 5 1 1 15

Did you request parental leave?1 9 3 4 16

Did you have any challenging experiences in requesting parental leave?1 8 4 4 15

1. Accounts for multiple pregnancies.

15 Respondents TOTAL

DUTIES & MONETARY6-8 week paid leave 13No teaching sem 13Tenure Clock Stoppage 7Transparent MID policy 4Telecommuting option 2Reduction in research/service obl. 1

1 semester full pay; or 2 semesters 1/2 pay 1

CHILDCARE Subsidized childcare 5

Childcare grant if Creative School was full 5

Benefit of college tuition for dependents 4Conference Child care grant 3Drop-in Daycare 1

NO COST ITEMS

Offer HR workshops several times per year 2

Family Friendly Bathrooms 3

Changing tables in UCF bathrooms 3Disable parking for expectant mothers during first trimester (exhaustion, vomitting) 3

Attidude shift by the Administration (i.e., say congratulations) 3

Family-Friendly, available to all families/individuals(Diverse and Inclusive)

Be Diverse and Inclusive (recognize non traditional couples in all policy) 1Dual career policy 2Adoption aid/Adoption coverage 2Providing for ill spouse/parent 1Remove pregnancy penalty 2

Note: The answers depended on (1) how well informed the person was and how much they had read about the topic; (2) if they had arrived from another school; (3) if they are active on the job market and seeing what other schools offer as a recruitment package; (4) worked for the Union; (5) personal situation and experience.

What respondents would like to see as family-friendly policies at UCF

Parental/Family-Friendly Policies

State University

Paid Parental Leave (6-8

weeks)

Modified Instructional Duties (i.e., No Teaching Semester)

Telecommuting option

Tenure Clock Extension

Childcare Facilities for

faculty

Paid Leave for Family

Emergencies

Employment Assistance for

spouses

Nursing time and facilities on campus

Family Life Website

UT Austin X X Automatic X spaces 374 X X X

Univ. of Michigan X X Upon request 4 Child

Centers

Paid subsidized-at-

home sick child services

Dual career program

Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign

2 weeks paid X Upon request X X (State law)

University of Oregon X X X Upon request X

University of California X X Upon request X X

University of South Florida

X X Automatic

State University

Paid Parental Leave (6-8

weeks)

Modified Instructional Duties (i.e., No Teaching Semester)

Telecommuting option

Tenure Clock Extension

Childcare Facilities for

faculty

Paid Leave for Family

Emergencies

Employment Assistance for spouses

Nursing time and facilities on campus

Family Life Website

Florida Atlantic University

X

X (Adjuncts are expected

to replace parent’s courses.)

Upon request

University of Wyoming

X (no teaching

semester) Automatic

List of approved child centers

X

University of Arizona

Re-assignment of alternative duties

Upon request

University of Florida X Upon

request

University of Central Florida*

Ad hoc (depends on dept chair;

college dean)**

Upon requestFew spaces at

Creative School; students

receive priority Five Nursing

CentersFacebook site for parents.

*SGA at UCF has passed a series of progressive pro-family policies: (1) paid six-week parental leave for graduate students; (2) subsidized childcare grant; (3) $1,000 scholarship for single parents. **The Center for Success of Faculty Women has played a significant role in helping women ask for leave.

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Female

TOTAL MALE FACULTY 969TOTAL FEMALE FACULTY 672

Total faculty 1,641

% OF MALE AND FEMALE FACULTY 59.0 41.0

Gender Inequities at UCF

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COS&ENG-Female %COS&ENG-Male %CAH-Female %CAH-Male %

No=760COS & EngMale= 344Female=128CAHMale=152Female=136

Representative Female and Male Faculty by Rank Colleges of Science, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, and College of Arts and Humanities (Percent)

Gender Inequities

• Authors Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger and Marc Goulden, Do Babies Matter? Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower (2013) found that women chose instructorships or adjunct work to take “time-outs” from work when family-friendly leave policies were not established at an institution.

Source: Do Babies Matter?

Age Group Number of Faculty

21-30 30

31-40 169

41-50 212

51-60 209

61+ 150

Age Group Categories: College of Sciences College of Engineering and Computer Science College of Arts and Humanities

No.=770

Current distribution of age groups, fall 2014

Why have a Family Leave Policy?: Retention and Productivity Growth

• Improve life of families at UCF.

• Family Benefits Funding package: State schools consider it part of faculty retention and productivity program.

• “Nationally, one study found that 94 percent of leave takers who received full pay during family leave returned to the same employer, compared to 76 percent of employees who took unpaid leave.”

• “In a study on productivity growth in 19 OECD countries from 1979-2003 found that PPL had a significantly greater positive effect on productivity than unpaid leave. Instituting 15 weeks of paid maternity leave would increase multifactor productivity by 1.1%. “

• Any Questions?