factors responsible

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ByMANJUNATH C.G.


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FACTORS RESPONSIBLE

FOR GROWTH OF MILKPRODUCTION IN INDIA


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FOCUSING POINTS History

Milk production in India

Present scenario Factors responsible for growth of milk

production

Constraints of milk production

SWOT analysis

Summary


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HISTORYO Milk market in India

O 1965-NDDB(National Dairy Development Board)

O 1970- Operation flood programme

O Co operative societies

O Industrialization and urbanization

O Up to year 1990 milk production was stagnated to lessthan 55.7MT in India

O Further decades up to 2012 it was increased every yearto reach 127.3MT


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MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-2000

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

MILK PRODUCTION (Million Tonnes)

Source: Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, ministry of

agriculture, GOI


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Factors responsible for growth

of milk production

1 .White revolution

O Operation flood by NDDB in 1970

O Dr. Varghese kurienmain architect

O Operation flood in 3 phases


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1 .White revolution

Phase-1 (1970-79):

18 of the countrys milk sheds were connected

to consumers of 4 metros viz. Mumbai, Delhi,Chennai and Kolkata

Main objective is commanding share of milk

market and development of dairy animals

Total cost - Rs.116crores.


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1 .White revolution

Phase 2 (1981-1985):

Management increased the milk sheds from 18 to136

A self-sustaining system of 42,000 villagecooperatives with 42.5 lakh milk producers werecovered

Milk powder production increased from 22,000 to1,40,000 tons by 1989

All of the increase coming from dairies set up underOperation Flood.


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1 .White revolution

Phase 3 (19851996):

Dairy cooperatives expansion and strengthen

the infrastructure to procure and market

increasing volumes of milk

Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed

and artificial insemination services were

extended

30,000 new dairy cooperatives added to 42,000

existing societies organized

Milk sheds peaked to 173 in 1988-89


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2.Dairy Cooperative Societies

development Encouraged farmers to keep more animals leads to 500

million cattle & buffalo population in the country

the largest in the World.

The dairy cooperative movement has spread across1,25,000 villages of 180 Districts in 22 States.

3 tier structure

1). Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS)

2). District Cooperative Milk Producers Union

3). State Cooperative Milk Federation.

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3.TRADE

O India in 1970simporter

O 1990simports was very less

O After 2003- 0.3 to 0.4% of minor exports

O Nevertheless, India consistently exportsspecialty products such as casein for food

processing or pharmaceuticals


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Indian Dairy Exports by Product Types

Up to 2009

Source: Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, ministry of

agriculture, GOI


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322.25

822.41

1203.93

402.68

547.97

289.36

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Imports

Exports

Imports and Exports (Rs.in crores)

Source: DGCI&S(Directorate General of

Commercial Intelligence & statistics)


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4. Technology up gradation

O Milk Reception units

O Milk Storage units

O Milk sterilization

Pasteurization UHT (Ultra High Temperature).

O Milk Filling and Packaging technologies

Tetra pack


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5.IMPROVEMENT IN BREEDS OF

CATTLE

INDIGENOUS BREED

a) Milch breeds / Milk breeds : Red Sindhi, Gir and

Deoni 1600kg/lactationb) Dual Purpose breeds: Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej,

Tharparker, Krishna valley, Rathi and Goalo Mewathi

150-500kg/lactation

c) Draught breeds: Kangayam, Umblacherry,Amritmahal, Hallikar.


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5.IMPROVEMENT IN BREEDS

OF CATTLE

EXOTIC BREEDS


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Holstein Friesian (HF)-Milk yield - 7200-9000 kg/lactation i.e., 10-15

liter/day


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Cross breeding

O Cross breeding word was initiated at NDRI (NationalDairy Research Institute), Bangalore

O At present cross breeding work is going on at Military dairy farms

NDRI Karnal as AICRP(All India Co-ordinated ResearchProject)

Collaboration projects like Indo-Swiss, Indo Australian


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Advantages of cross breeding

O Desirable characters of the exotic parent are transmitted

to the progeny which the indigenous parent does not

have.

O

High milk yield & early maturity,O Higher birth weigh of calves,

O Better growth rates,

O Better reproductive efficiency and

O Indigenous parents characters like, heat tolerance,disease resistance ability


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Disadvantages of cross

breeding

O The breeding merit of cross breed animals may be

slightly reduced.

O Cross breeding requires maintenance of two or

more pure breeds in order to product the cross

breeds


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6.Govt. policies, insurance and loans

O Operation Flood and the National Dairy DevelopmentBoard (NDDB), 1970 to 1996

Govt. satisfied 2 objectives of

1.To augment the supply of milk for domesticconsumption

2.To increase the returns to dairy farmers by providing

the infrastructure for producing value-added dairyproducts.


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Operation flood Phase 1:

Financed the operation through the sale ofskimmed milk powder and butter oil

Phase 2:

Expanded the outlets for sale of pasteurized milk

Capacity for production of milk powder increasedfrom 22,000 tonnes to 1,40,000 tonnes.

Processing units were established for production ofbutter, ghee, whole milk powder, skimmed milkpowder and baby foods.

Phase 3: Emphasized the use of moderntechnologies


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O DAIRY ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENTSCHEME" (DEDS)

O Cattle Insurance under IRDP

O Financial support.i. Access to Credit and Subsidies

ii. Financial Incentives to farmers ,individuals,

institutions and organizationsiii. Financial resources for implementation of the

policy will be mobilized through state governmentcentral government funds /publicinvestments/support from external agencies.

iv. Livestock insurance programme

v. Making available soft loans/subsidized interestloans


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1). 80% cattle & 60% buffalo Non-descript low

milk yield

2). Very large number requires more feed/fodder

3). Feed/ fodder scarcity: Consume 90% of thealready scarce feed and fodder resources

4). Animal health problem: Many diseases

claimed to have been eradicated/controlled are

still rampant in India


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Summary History

Milk production in India

Present scenario

Factors responsible for growth of milkproduction


SWOT analysis


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